Advances in Materials

| Peer-Reviewed |

Comparism of Cure Modeling of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composites Using Microwave and Autoclave Assisted Hand Lay-Up Process in Cylinderical Mould

Received: 21 August 2014    Accepted: 21 August 2014    Published: 26 May 2015
Views:       Downloads:

Share This Article

Abstract

Modeling of composite curing process is required prior to composite production as this would help in establishing correct production parameter and method of curing thereby eliminating costly trial and producing an effective method of curing a particular polymeric composite. The main objective of this work is to compare the difference between modeled microwave and conventional autoclave heating methods in producing polyester-aluminum and polyester- carbon black composites. This will establish the effectiveness of a curing method in the production of a particular polymer composite i. e, prediction of best possible trends during microwave and conventional autoclave heating with regards to effect of heating rate on degree of cure of the composites. The numerical models were constructed by taking into account heat transferred by electromagnetic energy (microwave) and heat transferred by conduction (conventional autoclave) through the resin/filler mixture, as well as kinetic heat generated by cure reaction. The numerical solution of the mathematical models presented were discretized using forward finite differences of the RungeKuta method and finally solved using MATLAB® Computer programming language. It was observed that curing of the samples was achieved faster in microwave than conventional autoclave method as microwave heat transfer by electromagnetic energy produces volumetric heat flow as compared to conventional autoclave whose heat transfer by conduction generates transverse heat flow to the samples. This implies that in the production process of polymer-matrix composites, electromagnetic energy through microwave was able to produce faster heating rate; thus, an effective method of curing in the production process of polymer-metal composites.

DOI 10.11648/j.am.20150403.13
Published in Advances in Materials (Volume 4, Issue 3, June 2015)
Page(s) 59-66
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Modeling, Polymer- Matrix Composites, Autoclave Curing, Microwave, MATLAB®

References
[1] Adeodu A. O., Anyaeche C. O., Oluwole O. O., 2014. Modeling of Microwave Curing of unsaturated Polyester Based Composite materials as Process guide. Journal of Advancement in Engineering and Technology. 1(1).
[2] Carlone P., Palazzo G. S., 2008. Numerical modeling of the microwave assisted pultrusion process. Mathematical and Computation Modeling,Vol. 53.
[3] Yussoff R., Aroua M., Nesbitt A.and Day R. J., 2007. Curing of polymeric composite using microwave resin transfer moulding (RTM). Journal of Engineering Science and Technology. Vol. 2, 151-163.
[4] Methven J. M., Ghaffariyan S. R., Abidin A. Z., 2000. Manufacture of fibre-reinforced composites by microwave assisted Pultrusion, Polymer Composite, 21, 586-594.
[5] Sutton W. H., and Clark D. E.,1996. Microwave processing of materials, Annual Review of Material Science. Vol 26, 299-331.
[6] Adan A. Abdul Rasak, Ali M. Hameed, Saad R. Sultan 2011. Modeling of the cure of Epoxy based composite heated at constant temperature in cylindrical mould. Diyala Journal of Engineering Science. Vol. 4, 1-11.
[7] Progelhof R. C., Throne J. L., 1975. Non-isothermal curing of reactive plastics. Polymer Engineering Science. Vol.15, 690-695.
[8] Pusatcioglu S. Y., Hassler J. C., Fricke A. L., and. Mcgee H. A., 1980. Journal of Apply Polymer Science, 25, 81-93.
[9] Nixon J. A and Hutchinson J. M., 1985. Analysis of the cure of sheet moulding compound. Development of the Model. Plastic and Rubber Processing Application, 5, 349-357.
[10] Hutchinson J. M and Nixon J. A., 1985. Analysis of the cure of sheet moulding compound 1. Application of the model to various molding geometries. Plast. Rubb. Proc. Appl., (5), 359-363.
[11] Dave R., Kardos J. L. and Dudukovic M. P., 1987. Journal of Polymer Composites. 8, 29.
[12] Halpin J. C., Kardos J. L., and Dudukovic M. P., 1983. Pure & Appl. Chem. 55, 893-906.
[13] Kwok Yeung Peter Wong, 2012. Measurement of mechanical electrical and thermal properties of glass powder reinforced epoxy composites. A MSc dissertation. University of Southern Queensland. Australia.
[14] Kenny J. M., Apicella A., and Nicolais L. A., 1989. Poly. Eng. Sci., 9, 973-983.
[15] Kenny J. M., Maffezzoli A, and Nicolais L., 1990 "A model for the thermal chemo-rheological behavior of thermoset processing (II) unsaturated polyester based composites", Composites Science and Technology, 38, 339-358,
[16] Kenny J. M. and Trivisano A., 1991. Polymer Engineering and Science. 31, 1426.
[17] Barton J. M., 1985 "The application of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) to the study of epoxy resin curing reaction", Advance Polymer Science Vol. 72, 111-154.
[18] Gonzalez-Romero V. and Casillas N., 1989. "Polymer Engineering and Science" Vol. 29, 5.
[19] Kosar V and Gomzi Z., 2001."Thermal effects of cure reaction for unsaturated polyester in cylindrical Moulds", Chem. Biochem. Eng., 15(3), 101-108.
[20] Lam W. K., Plaumann H. P., and Tran T., 1990."An Improved kinetic model for the autocatalytic curing of styrene-based thermoset resins.", Journal Applied Polymer, 41, 3043- 3057.
[21] Lee W. I and Springer G. S 1984. Journal of Composite Material.18, 387.
[22] Kamal M. R. and Sourour S., 1973. "Kinetics and thermal characterization of thermoset cure", Polymer Engineering and Science, 13(1), 59-64.
[23] Han C. D., Lee D. S., and Chin H. B., 1986. Journal of Polymer Engineering and Science.26, 393-404.
[24] Chen M., Siochi E.J., Ward T.C and McGrath J. E., 1993. Journal of Polymer Engineering and Science. 33,1092.
[25] Bejan and Adrian 1990. Heat Transfer, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
[26] Suckley, D.R. 2000. Microwave Processing of the Araldite LY5052:HY5052 Epoxy Resin System. M. Sc. Dissertation. UMIST, United Kingdom.
[27] Sutton, W.H., 1989. Microwave Processing of Ceramics, Ceramic Bulletin, 68(2), 376-86.
[28] Mathews J. H., and K. D. Fink, 1999. Numerical Methods Using MATLAB. 3rd Ed., Prentice Hall.
[29] Katakura Y., 2001. Microwave Curing of Curing of Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A/4-cyclohexane-1, 2-dicarboxylic Anhydride Resin System. M. Sc. Dissertation. UMIST.
[30] Zhou J., Shi C., Mei B., Yuan R., Fu Z., 2003. Research on the Technology and Mechanical properties of the Microwaves processing of polymer. Journal of Material Processing Technology. Vol. 137(156-158).
[31] Boey F. Y. C., Yap B. H., Chia L., 1999. Microwave curing of epoxy-amine system – Effect of curing agent on the enhancement. Polymer Testing. Vol. 18, 93-109.
[32] wei J., Hawley M. C and Demeuse M. T., 1995. Kinetics modeling and time- temperature-transformationdiagram of microwave and thermal cureepoxy resin. Polymer Engineering and Science. Vol 35(6), 461-470.
[33] Adeodu A. O., Anyaeche C. O., Oluwole O. O., Afolabi S. O.,2015. Modeling of Conventional Autoclave Curing of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composite Materials as Production Process Guide. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications. Vol. 4, No. 3, 2015, pp. 203-208. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150403.18.
[34] Philip C.Sturman and Rexford N. Y., 1999. Induction heating of Polymer matrix composite fibre strands. SAMPE Journal, Vol. 26, No 4.
Author Information
  • Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

  • Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria

Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Adefemi Adeodu, Christopher Anyaeche, Oluleke Oluwole, Temitayo Azeez. (2015). Comparism of Cure Modeling of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composites Using Microwave and Autoclave Assisted Hand Lay-Up Process in Cylinderical Mould. Advances in Materials, 4(3), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20150403.13

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Adefemi Adeodu; Christopher Anyaeche; Oluleke Oluwole; Temitayo Azeez. Comparism of Cure Modeling of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composites Using Microwave and Autoclave Assisted Hand Lay-Up Process in Cylinderical Mould. Adv. Mater. 2015, 4(3), 59-66. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20150403.13

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Adefemi Adeodu, Christopher Anyaeche, Oluleke Oluwole, Temitayo Azeez. Comparism of Cure Modeling of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composites Using Microwave and Autoclave Assisted Hand Lay-Up Process in Cylinderical Mould. Adv Mater. 2015;4(3):59-66. doi: 10.11648/j.am.20150403.13

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.am.20150403.13,
      author = {Adefemi Adeodu and Christopher Anyaeche and Oluleke Oluwole and Temitayo Azeez},
      title = {Comparism of Cure Modeling of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composites Using Microwave and Autoclave Assisted Hand Lay-Up Process in Cylinderical Mould},
      journal = {Advances in Materials},
      volume = {4},
      number = {3},
      pages = {59-66},
      doi = {10.11648/j.am.20150403.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20150403.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.am.20150403.13},
      abstract = {Modeling of composite curing process is required prior to composite production as this would help in establishing correct production parameter and method of curing thereby eliminating costly trial and producing an effective method of curing a particular polymeric composite. The main objective of this work is to compare the difference between modeled microwave and conventional autoclave heating methods in producing polyester-aluminum and polyester- carbon black composites. This will establish the effectiveness of a curing method in the production of a particular polymer composite i. e, prediction of best possible trends during microwave and conventional autoclave heating with regards to effect of heating rate on degree of cure of the composites. The numerical models were constructed by taking into account heat transferred by electromagnetic energy (microwave) and heat transferred by conduction (conventional autoclave) through the resin/filler mixture, as well as kinetic heat generated by cure reaction. The numerical solution of the mathematical models presented were discretized using forward finite differences of the RungeKuta method and finally solved using MATLAB® Computer programming language. It was observed that curing of the samples was achieved faster in microwave than conventional autoclave method as microwave heat transfer by electromagnetic energy produces volumetric heat flow as compared to conventional autoclave whose heat transfer by conduction generates transverse heat flow to the samples. This implies that in the production process of polymer-matrix composites, electromagnetic energy through microwave was able to produce faster heating rate; thus, an effective method of curing in the production process of polymer-metal composites.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Comparism of Cure Modeling of Unsaturated Polyester Based Composites Using Microwave and Autoclave Assisted Hand Lay-Up Process in Cylinderical Mould
    AU  - Adefemi Adeodu
    AU  - Christopher Anyaeche
    AU  - Oluleke Oluwole
    AU  - Temitayo Azeez
    Y1  - 2015/05/26
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20150403.13
    DO  - 10.11648/j.am.20150403.13
    T2  - Advances in Materials
    JF  - Advances in Materials
    JO  - Advances in Materials
    SP  - 59
    EP  - 66
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2327-252X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.am.20150403.13
    AB  - Modeling of composite curing process is required prior to composite production as this would help in establishing correct production parameter and method of curing thereby eliminating costly trial and producing an effective method of curing a particular polymeric composite. The main objective of this work is to compare the difference between modeled microwave and conventional autoclave heating methods in producing polyester-aluminum and polyester- carbon black composites. This will establish the effectiveness of a curing method in the production of a particular polymer composite i. e, prediction of best possible trends during microwave and conventional autoclave heating with regards to effect of heating rate on degree of cure of the composites. The numerical models were constructed by taking into account heat transferred by electromagnetic energy (microwave) and heat transferred by conduction (conventional autoclave) through the resin/filler mixture, as well as kinetic heat generated by cure reaction. The numerical solution of the mathematical models presented were discretized using forward finite differences of the RungeKuta method and finally solved using MATLAB® Computer programming language. It was observed that curing of the samples was achieved faster in microwave than conventional autoclave method as microwave heat transfer by electromagnetic energy produces volumetric heat flow as compared to conventional autoclave whose heat transfer by conduction generates transverse heat flow to the samples. This implies that in the production process of polymer-matrix composites, electromagnetic energy through microwave was able to produce faster heating rate; thus, an effective method of curing in the production process of polymer-metal composites.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

  • Sections