Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant

Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph; Asuke Ferdinand

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21

| Peer-Reviewed

Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant

Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph, Asuke Ferdinand

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 1)

Received: 6 January 2015 Accepted: 20 January 2015 Published: 11 February 2015

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Hardening and characterization of 0.45%C steels using clay/water media as quenchants were investigated. Different weight percent of clay was added to water to form clay/water quenching media and water was equally use as the control. The steel specimens were heated to the austenizing temperature and quenched in these liquid media. The specific latent heat of vapourization of the liquid media, hardness value, impact energy, yield strength and tensile strength of the specimen were analyzed. The morphologies of the as-quenched steels were observed by using SEM. The results revealed that addition of 2-4wt% clay to water gives the best mechanical properties. This may probably be due to a uniform release of thermal energy in form of latent heat of vapourization across the dimension of the specimen and prevention of the oxide film formation on the surface of the workpiece. However, further addition of clay greater than 4% result to decrease in the mechanical properties of the specimen tested. The specific latent heat of vapourization decreases as the weight fraction of clay in water increases. Results from the microstructural examination indicate predominantly formation of martensite and retained austenite phases.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21
Page(s)	59-64
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Clay, 0.45%C Steel, Water, Microstructures and Mechanical Properties

References

[1]	Chaves, J.C “The Effect of Surface Condition and High Temperature Oxidation on Quenching Performance of 4140 Steel in Mineral Oil, in Manufacturing Engineering”, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, 2001, pp. 8-29.
[2]	G.E. Totten, A.H. Maurice, Steel Heat Treatment Handbook, Marcel Dekker Inc., 1997, pp. 157-165.
[3]	G.E. Totten, H.M. Tensi, and K. Lainer, “Performance of Vegetable Oils as a Cooling Medium in Comparison to a Standard Mineral Oil”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 1999, vol 8(4), 1999, pp. 409-416
[4]	K. Narayan Prabhu and Amlan Prasad, “Metal/Quenchant Interfacial Heat Flux Transients During Quenching in Conventional Quench Media and Vegetable Oils”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance, 2003, vol 12(1), pp 48-55
[5]	N.I. Kobasko, G.E. Totten, G.M. Webster and C.E. Bates, “Comparison of Cooling Capacity of Poly(Alkylene Glycol) Quenchants with Water and Oil”, in 18th Heat Treating Society Conference Proceedings, Eds., H. Walton and R. Wallis, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, 1998, p. 559-567.
[6]	T.V. Rayan, Heat Treatment, Principles and Technology, First Edition, Pretice-Hall of India Private limited, New Delhi, 1998, pp. 16-17; 96-121; 142-149
[7]	J. Oghenevweta, R. Mohammed, V.S. Aigbodion, and F. Asuke, “The Viability of Water/Alumino-Silicate Solution as Quenchant for Medium Carbon Steels”, The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology, 2013, vol 14 (1), pp 10-18
[8]	M. Hariharan, Laboratory Physics Practical Manual (PHYS 161), Department of Physics, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, 2007, pp 51-52; 60-62
[9]	S.B. Hassan, “Suitability of Vegetable Oils as Quenching Media for Hardening Process of Cast Irons”, Material Society of Nigeria (MSN), Zaria chapter, Proceedings of the bi-monthly meetings/workshops, 2005, pp 10-17
[10]	G. Edwin, The Heat Treatment of Steel, First edition, Sir Isaac Pitman and sons Ltd, London, 1996, pp 19-27; 211-218
[11]	S.H. Avner, Introduction to Physical Metallurgy, Second edition, McGraw-Hill, International book Company, 1934, pp 249-271; 283-285.
[12]	D.C William Jr., Material Science and Engineering-An Introduction, Fourth Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1997, pp.199-201; 296-271; 329-331; 352.
[13]	A.P. David, Phase Transformation in Metals and Alloys, First edition, 1981, pp. 382-385; 416-426.
[14]	R.S. AbdulRaham, “The Influence of Quenching Media on the Hardness Characteristics of, Medium Carbon Steels”, Inter-research Journal in Engineering Science and Technology (REJEST), 2007, vol 4 (2), pp. 152-156
[15]	Daniel H. Herring, Oil Quenching in Vacuum Heat Treatment, The HERRING GROUP, Inc., 2010, pp. 8-12
[16]	Hamed Habibi Khoshmehr, Ahmad Saboonchi, and Mohammad Behshad Shafii, “The Quenching Of Silver Rod in Boiling Carbon Nano Tube-Water Nanofluid”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2014, vol. 75, pp. 95-104
[17]	Toshinobu Nishibata and NobusatoKojima, “Effect of Quenching Rate on Hardness and Microstructure of Hot-stamped Steel”, Journal of Alloys and Compounds, 2013, vol. 577, pp. S549-S554

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph, Asuke Ferdinand. (2015). Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(1), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph; Asuke Ferdinand. Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2015, 4(1), 59-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph, Asuke Ferdinand. Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2015;4(1):59-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21,
  author = {Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph and Asuke Ferdinand},
  title = {Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20150401.21},
  abstract = {Hardening and characterization of 0.45%C steels using clay/water media as quenchants were investigated. Different weight percent of clay was added to water to form clay/water quenching media and water was equally use as the control. The steel specimens were heated to the austenizing temperature and quenched in these liquid media. The specific latent heat of vapourization of the liquid media, hardness value, impact energy, yield strength and tensile strength of the specimen were analyzed. The morphologies of the as-quenched steels were observed by using SEM. The results revealed that addition of 2-4wt% clay to water gives the best mechanical properties. This may probably be due to a uniform release of thermal energy in form of latent heat of vapourization across the dimension of the specimen and prevention of the oxide film formation on the surface of the workpiece. However, further addition of clay greater than 4% result to decrease in the mechanical properties of the specimen tested. The specific latent heat of vapourization decreases as the weight fraction of clay in water increases. Results from the microstructural examination indicate predominantly formation of martensite and retained austenite phases.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant
AU - Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph
AU - Asuke Ferdinand
Y1 - 2015/02/11
PY - 2015
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21
DO - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21
T2 - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP - 59
EP - 64
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2327-2643
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21
AB - Hardening and characterization of 0.45%C steels using clay/water media as quenchants were investigated. Different weight percent of clay was added to water to form clay/water quenching media and water was equally use as the control. The steel specimens were heated to the austenizing temperature and quenched in these liquid media. The specific latent heat of vapourization of the liquid media, hardness value, impact energy, yield strength and tensile strength of the specimen were analyzed. The morphologies of the as-quenched steels were observed by using SEM. The results revealed that addition of 2-4wt% clay to water gives the best mechanical properties. This may probably be due to a uniform release of thermal energy in form of latent heat of vapourization across the dimension of the specimen and prevention of the oxide film formation on the surface of the workpiece. However, further addition of clay greater than 4% result to decrease in the mechanical properties of the specimen tested. The specific latent heat of vapourization decreases as the weight fraction of clay in water increases. Results from the microstructural examination indicate predominantly formation of martensite and retained austenite phases.
VL - 4
IS - 1
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
Asuke Ferdinand

Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph, Asuke Ferdinand. (2015). Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 4(1), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph; Asuke Ferdinand. Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2015, 4(1), 59-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph, Asuke Ferdinand. Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2015;4(1):59-64. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21,
  author = {Oghenevweta Erhuvwu Joseph and Asuke Ferdinand},
  title = {Hardening and Characterisation of 0.45%C Steel Using Clay/Water Media as Quenchant},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {4},
  number = {1},
  pages = {59-64},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20150401.21},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20150401.21},
  abstract = {Hardening and characterization of 0.45%C steels using clay/water media as quenchants were investigated. Different weight percent of clay was added to water to form clay/water quenching media and water was equally use as the control. The steel specimens were heated to the austenizing temperature and quenched in these liquid media. The specific latent heat of vapourization of the liquid media, hardness value, impact energy, yield strength and tensile strength of the specimen were analyzed. The morphologies of the as-quenched steels were observed by using SEM. The results revealed that addition of 2-4wt% clay to water gives the best mechanical properties. This may probably be due to a uniform release of thermal energy in form of latent heat of vapourization across the dimension of the specimen and prevention of the oxide film formation on the surface of the workpiece. However, further addition of clay greater than 4% result to decrease in the mechanical properties of the specimen tested. The specific latent heat of vapourization decreases as the weight fraction of clay in water increases. Results from the microstructural examination indicate predominantly formation of martensite and retained austenite phases.},
 year = {2015}
}

Copy | Download