Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS

D. Candane; N. Alagumurthi; K. Palaniradja

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14

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Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS

D. Candane, N. Alagumurthi, K. Palaniradja

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 2, Issue 2)

Received: 6 March 2013 Accepted: Published: 10 March 2013

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Abstract

Cryogenic treatment has been widely acknowledged as a means of improving wear resistance of tool materials. A Comparative study on conventionally heat treated and cryogenic treated AISI M35 grade high-speed steel specimens has been presented in this paper. Specimens initially subjected to conventional heat treatment at austenitizing temperature of 1200 ̊C were subsequently subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment at -84 ̊C for 8 hours and deep cryogenic treatment at –195 ̊C for 24 hours followed by double tempering at 200˚C. Presence of retained austenite was studied at the end of each of the above treatment using XRD analyzer. An estimated 19% retained austenite present at the end of conventional heat treatment was reduced to 5% at the end of shallow cryogenic treatment, while deep cryogenic treatment practically removed all traces of austenite in the sample. Changes in the microstructure were studied using SEM. Fine precipitates of carbides of size 0.3-0.5µ were observed in cryogenically treated samples. Variation in mechanical properties such as toughness and hardness has been studied. There was no change in toughness due to cryogenic treatment and it corroborates well with the results of fractography. Wear characteristics were studied using pin on disc wear tester. The operative modes and mechanisms of wear have been identified as severe delaminative and mild oxidative from the morphology of worn surface of pin. The results unambiguously confirm enhancement in hardness and wear resistance of cryogenically treated specimens.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14
Page(s)	56-60
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

High - Speed Steel, Cryogenic Treatment, Wear Resistance, Retained Austenite, Martensite, Morphology, Fractography

References

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APA Style

D. Candane, N. Alagumurthi, K. Palaniradja. (2013). Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 2(2), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14

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ACS Style

D. Candane; N. Alagumurthi; K. Palaniradja. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2013, 2(2), 56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14

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AMA Style

D. Candane, N. Alagumurthi, K. Palaniradja. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2013;2(2):56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14,
  author = {D. Candane and N. Alagumurthi and K. Palaniradja},
  title = {Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {56-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20130202.14},
  abstract = {Cryogenic treatment has been widely acknowledged as a means of improving wear resistance of tool materials. A Comparative study on conventionally heat treated and cryogenic treated AISI M35 grade high-speed steel specimens has been presented in this paper. Specimens initially subjected to conventional heat treatment at austenitizing temperature of 1200 ̊C were subsequently subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment at -84  ̊C for 8 hours and deep cryogenic treatment at –195 ̊C for 24 hours followed by double tempering at 200˚C. Presence of retained austenite was studied at the end of each of the above treatment using XRD analyzer. An estimated 19% retained austenite present at the end of conventional heat treatment was reduced to 5% at the end of shallow cryogenic treatment, while deep cryogenic treatment practically removed all traces of austenite in the sample. Changes in the microstructure were studied using SEM. Fine precipitates of carbides of size 0.3-0.5µ were observed in cryogenically treated samples. Variation in mechanical properties such as toughness and hardness has been studied. There was no change in toughness due to cryogenic treatment and it corroborates well with the results of fractography. Wear characteristics were studied using pin on disc wear tester. The operative modes and mechanisms of wear have been identified as severe delaminative and mild oxidative from the morphology of worn surface of pin. The results unambiguously confirm enhancement in hardness and wear resistance of cryogenically treated specimens.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS
AU  - D. Candane
AU  - N. Alagumurthi
AU  - K. Palaniradja
Y1  - 2013/03/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 56
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14
AB  - Cryogenic treatment has been widely acknowledged as a means of improving wear resistance of tool materials. A Comparative study on conventionally heat treated and cryogenic treated AISI M35 grade high-speed steel specimens has been presented in this paper. Specimens initially subjected to conventional heat treatment at austenitizing temperature of 1200 ̊C were subsequently subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment at -84  ̊C for 8 hours and deep cryogenic treatment at –195 ̊C for 24 hours followed by double tempering at 200˚C. Presence of retained austenite was studied at the end of each of the above treatment using XRD analyzer. An estimated 19% retained austenite present at the end of conventional heat treatment was reduced to 5% at the end of shallow cryogenic treatment, while deep cryogenic treatment practically removed all traces of austenite in the sample. Changes in the microstructure were studied using SEM. Fine precipitates of carbides of size 0.3-0.5µ were observed in cryogenically treated samples. Variation in mechanical properties such as toughness and hardness has been studied. There was no change in toughness due to cryogenic treatment and it corroborates well with the results of fractography. Wear characteristics were studied using pin on disc wear tester. The operative modes and mechanisms of wear have been identified as severe delaminative and mild oxidative from the morphology of worn surface of pin. The results unambiguously confirm enhancement in hardness and wear resistance of cryogenically treated specimens.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

D. Candane

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Women’s Polytechnic College, Pondicherry, India
N. Alagumurthi

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pondicherry Engineering College, Pondicherry, India
K. Palaniradja

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Women’s Polytechnic College, Pondicherry, India

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APA Style

D. Candane, N. Alagumurthi, K. Palaniradja. (2013). Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 2(2), 56-60. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14

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ACS Style

D. Candane; N. Alagumurthi; K. Palaniradja. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2013, 2(2), 56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14

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AMA Style

D. Candane, N. Alagumurthi, K. Palaniradja. Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2013;2(2):56-60. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14,
  author = {D. Candane and N. Alagumurthi and K. Palaniradja},
  title = {Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {2},
  number = {2},
  pages = {56-60},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20130202.14},
  abstract = {Cryogenic treatment has been widely acknowledged as a means of improving wear resistance of tool materials. A Comparative study on conventionally heat treated and cryogenic treated AISI M35 grade high-speed steel specimens has been presented in this paper. Specimens initially subjected to conventional heat treatment at austenitizing temperature of 1200 ̊C were subsequently subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment at -84  ̊C for 8 hours and deep cryogenic treatment at –195 ̊C for 24 hours followed by double tempering at 200˚C. Presence of retained austenite was studied at the end of each of the above treatment using XRD analyzer. An estimated 19% retained austenite present at the end of conventional heat treatment was reduced to 5% at the end of shallow cryogenic treatment, while deep cryogenic treatment practically removed all traces of austenite in the sample. Changes in the microstructure were studied using SEM. Fine precipitates of carbides of size 0.3-0.5µ were observed in cryogenically treated samples. Variation in mechanical properties such as toughness and hardness has been studied. There was no change in toughness due to cryogenic treatment and it corroborates well with the results of fractography. Wear characteristics were studied using pin on disc wear tester. The operative modes and mechanisms of wear have been identified as severe delaminative and mild oxidative from the morphology of worn surface of pin. The results unambiguously confirm enhancement in hardness and wear resistance of cryogenically treated specimens.},
 year = {2013}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Cryogenic Treatment on Microstructure and Wear Characteristics of AISI M35 HSS
AU  - D. Candane
AU  - N. Alagumurthi
AU  - K. Palaniradja
Y1  - 2013/03/10
PY  - 2013
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 56
EP  - 60
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20130202.14
AB  - Cryogenic treatment has been widely acknowledged as a means of improving wear resistance of tool materials. A Comparative study on conventionally heat treated and cryogenic treated AISI M35 grade high-speed steel specimens has been presented in this paper. Specimens initially subjected to conventional heat treatment at austenitizing temperature of 1200 ̊C were subsequently subjected to shallow cryogenic treatment at -84  ̊C for 8 hours and deep cryogenic treatment at –195 ̊C for 24 hours followed by double tempering at 200˚C. Presence of retained austenite was studied at the end of each of the above treatment using XRD analyzer. An estimated 19% retained austenite present at the end of conventional heat treatment was reduced to 5% at the end of shallow cryogenic treatment, while deep cryogenic treatment practically removed all traces of austenite in the sample. Changes in the microstructure were studied using SEM. Fine precipitates of carbides of size 0.3-0.5µ were observed in cryogenically treated samples. Variation in mechanical properties such as toughness and hardness has been studied. There was no change in toughness due to cryogenic treatment and it corroborates well with the results of fractography. Wear characteristics were studied using pin on disc wear tester. The operative modes and mechanisms of wear have been identified as severe delaminative and mild oxidative from the morphology of worn surface of pin. The results unambiguously confirm enhancement in hardness and wear resistance of cryogenically treated specimens.
VL  - 2
IS  - 2
ER  -

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