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Physical Properties of Wood in Selected Lessor Known Tree Species in Botswana

Received: 12 March 2013    Accepted:     Published: 2 April 2013
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Abstract

A study was carried out to evaluate physical properties of wood of four indigenous tree species. Samples were obtained at random from the logs at a timber and wood processing yard. Acacia burkea and S. Africana possess heartwood that is distinctly different in colour from the sapwood. Acacia burkeashowed very dark colour in the heartwood while that of Spirostachys africana was dark greyish brown in colour. Wood of P. africanum and Terminelia serecia displayed no distinctly different colours between the sapwood and the heartwood. Density also varied in different woods with the highest density values recorded at 0.97 g cm3 in the A. burkeaand the lowest was 0.70 g cm3 in P. africanum. There were significant differences in densities between wood of all these species. The highest change in dimensions was recorded in the tangent side of all woods except for A. burkea. The highest dimensional changes were recorded at 9.02± 4.02 percentin the tangent side of P. africanum. The lowest dimensional changes were recorded at 0.41±0.08 percent in the longitudinal section of the P. africanumwood. Overall the lowest changes were recorded in the longitudinal side of wood.

Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 2, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17
Page(s) 105-109
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Wood, Density,Moisture, Shrinkage, Botswana

References
[1] Stats Bots (2013). Botswana international merchandise trade statisticsmonthly digest - December 2012. www.cso.bw. Accessed 04/03/2013
[2] Kejekgabo, K. (2012). Personal communication
[3] Ali, A. C., Uetimane, Jr, E., Lhate, I. A. and Terziev, N. (2008). Anatomical characteristics, properties and use of traditionally used and lessor known wood species from Mo-zambique: a literature review. Wood Sci. Tech, 42: 453 – 472
[4] Mmolotsi, R., Lumbile, A., Kwerepe, B. C., Kopong, I., Rampart, M., Segwagwe, A., Sebolai, B., Lekorwe, L. and Maphane, T. (2011). Effect of sap deposition on properties of sapwood in Pterocarpus angolensis (Mukwa) following bark stripping by elephants in Chobe forest reserves in northern Botswana. Bots. J. of Agric. and Appl. Scie., 7(1), 107 - 111
[5] Climent, J., Gil, L. and Pardos, J. (1993). Heartwood devel-opment and its relationship to growth and environment in Pinus canariensis Chr. Sm ex DC. For. Ecol. Man, 59, 163 - 174
[6] Knapic, S., Tavares, F. and Pereira, H. (2006). Heartwood and sapwood variation in Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Trees in Portugal. For., 79(4), 371 – 380.
[7] Desch, H. E. and Dinwoodie, J. M. (1996). Timber: Structure, Properties, Conversion and Use. 7th edition. Macmillan Press, London
[8] Barbosa, R. I and Fearside, P. M. (2004). Wood density of trees in open savannahs of the Brazilian Amazon. For. Ecol an.d Man, 199, 115 – 123.
[9] Mmolotsi, R. (2004). Potential Uses of Alnus rubra in Sil-vopastoral Systems. PhD Thesis, University of Wales
[10] Mmolotsi, R. M. and Teklehaimanot, Z. (2006). The effectof initial tree-plant density on timber and wood-fuel properties of red alder and sycamore. Canadian J. For. Res., 36, 1475 – 1483
[11] Chafe, S. C. (1994). Relationship between shrinkage and specific gravity in the wood of eucalyptus. Aust. For., 57, 59 – 61.
[12] Chowdhury, Md, Q., Manzoor Rashid, A. Z. M., Newaz, Md S. and Alam, A. (2007). Effect of height on physical proper-ties of wood of jhau (Casuarina equisetifolia). Aust. For., 70(1), 33 – 36.
[13] Innes, T. C. (2005). Processing and material properties of Tasmanian yellow gum, Eucalyptus johnstonii. Aust. For., 68(2), 121-125
[14] McComb, J. A., Meddlings, R. A., Siemon, G. and Davis, S. (2004). Wood density and shrinkage of five-year old Euca-lyptus camadulensis x E. globulus hybrids: a preliminary as-sessment. Aust. For., 67 (4), 236-239.
[15] Kokutse, A. D., Bailleres, H., Stokes, A. and Kokou, K. (2004). Proportion and quality of heartwood of Togolese teak (Tectona grandis LF). For. Ecol. Man., 189: 37 – 48.
[16] Searle, S. D. and Owen, J. V., (2005). Variation in basic wood density and percentage heartwood in temperate Aus-tralian Acacia species. Aust. For., 68(2): 126 – 136.
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  • APA Style

    Ronnie Mmolotsi, Kealeboga Kejekgabo. (2013). Physical Properties of Wood in Selected Lessor Known Tree Species in Botswana. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 2(2), 105-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17

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    ACS Style

    Ronnie Mmolotsi; Kealeboga Kejekgabo. Physical Properties of Wood in Selected Lessor Known Tree Species in Botswana. Agric. For. Fish. 2013, 2(2), 105-109. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17

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    AMA Style

    Ronnie Mmolotsi, Kealeboga Kejekgabo. Physical Properties of Wood in Selected Lessor Known Tree Species in Botswana. Agric For Fish. 2013;2(2):105-109. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17

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  • @article{10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17,
      author = {Ronnie Mmolotsi and Kealeboga Kejekgabo},
      title = {Physical Properties of Wood in Selected Lessor Known Tree Species in Botswana},
      journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
      volume = {2},
      number = {2},
      pages = {105-109},
      doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20130202.17},
      abstract = {A study was carried out to evaluate physical properties of wood of four indigenous tree species. Samples were obtained at random from the logs at a timber and wood processing yard. Acacia burkea and S. Africana possess heartwood that is distinctly different in colour from the sapwood. Acacia burkeashowed very dark colour in the heartwood while that of Spirostachys africana was dark greyish brown in colour. Wood of P. africanum and Terminelia serecia displayed no distinctly different colours between the sapwood and the heartwood. Density also varied in different woods with the highest density values recorded at 0.97 g cm3 in the A. burkeaand the lowest was 0.70 g cm3 in P. africanum. There were significant differences in densities between wood of all these species.  The highest change in dimensions was recorded in the tangent side of all woods except for A. burkea. The highest dimensional changes were recorded at 9.02± 4.02 percentin the tangent side of P. africanum. The lowest dimensional changes were recorded at 0.41±0.08 percent in the longitudinal section of the P. africanumwood. Overall the lowest changes were recorded in the longitudinal side of wood.},
     year = {2013}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Physical Properties of Wood in Selected Lessor Known Tree Species in Botswana
    AU  - Ronnie Mmolotsi
    AU  - Kealeboga Kejekgabo
    Y1  - 2013/04/02
    PY  - 2013
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17
    DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17
    T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
    JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
    JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
    SP  - 105
    EP  - 109
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5648
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20130202.17
    AB  - A study was carried out to evaluate physical properties of wood of four indigenous tree species. Samples were obtained at random from the logs at a timber and wood processing yard. Acacia burkea and S. Africana possess heartwood that is distinctly different in colour from the sapwood. Acacia burkeashowed very dark colour in the heartwood while that of Spirostachys africana was dark greyish brown in colour. Wood of P. africanum and Terminelia serecia displayed no distinctly different colours between the sapwood and the heartwood. Density also varied in different woods with the highest density values recorded at 0.97 g cm3 in the A. burkeaand the lowest was 0.70 g cm3 in P. africanum. There were significant differences in densities between wood of all these species.  The highest change in dimensions was recorded in the tangent side of all woods except for A. burkea. The highest dimensional changes were recorded at 9.02± 4.02 percentin the tangent side of P. africanum. The lowest dimensional changes were recorded at 0.41±0.08 percent in the longitudinal section of the P. africanumwood. Overall the lowest changes were recorded in the longitudinal side of wood.
    VL  - 2
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Crop Science and Production. Botswana College of Agriculture. Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana

  • Department of Crop Science and Production. Botswana College of Agriculture. Private Bag 0027, Gaborone, Botswana

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