Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

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A Multistage Regulation Method for the Pad and Fan Cooling System

Received: 17 November 2017    Accepted: 28 November 2017    Published: 20 December 2017
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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the abrupt temperature drop problem and its countermeasures of pad and fan cooling system in confined poultry house in summer. The extent and distribution of abrupt temperature drop in a commercial laying-hen house in north China were investigated through field tests. The results showed that over half of poultry house was cooled by more than 5°C (maximum reached 12.4°C) within 25 min after starting the evaporative cooling system under traditional ON/OFF mode. This mode might cause negative effects on layers. In order to attenuate this problem, a multistage regulation method of evaporative cooling system was developed. The water supply pipe was transformed by adding a specially designed water repartition plate to the original water supply system. The water repartition plate can control the watered area of pad. Then four degrees of watered area could be achieved as 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and the full of pad area, and then gradual cooling process has been achieved. The target temperature was reached gradually through modifying the start temperature and single-cooling range, then a relative long period for chickens to adopt cooling process has been realized. This regulation method has been tested in laboratory. The results showed that gradually watering and cooling works well under multistage regulation. The cooling efficiencies from 1st to 4th stage were 15.84%, 30.53%, 56.67% and 83.70%, respectively, which matched well with prediction. In conclusion, the multistage regulation method was able to, as a new solution, alleviate the problem caused by traditional ON/OFF mode of evaporative cooling system in confined poultry house.

DOI 10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11
Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 7, Issue 1, February 2018)
Page(s) 1-5
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Poultry House, Evaporative Cooling System, Abrupt Temperature Drop, Multi-Stages Regulation, Chickens

References
[1] P. Y. Hester, “Preventive Measures for Avoiding the Deleterious Effects of Heat Stress on Egg Production and Quality,” Egg Innovations and Strategies for Improvements. 2017, 337-346.
[2] H. Xin, R. S. Gates, A. R. Green, F. M. Mitloehner, P. A. Moore Jr, and C. M. Wathes, “Environmental impacts and sustainability of egg production systems,” Poult. Sci. 2011, 90 (1), 263-277.
[3] A. Aggarwal, and R. Upadhyay, “Heat Stress and Animal Productivity,” Springer, India, 2012, pp: 1-20.
[4] Q. Wu, H. Lin, and Q. Yang, “The study for temperature and diet nutrition level on the effects of the quality of laying hens,” J. Shandong Agr. Univ. 1990, 2 (23): 18-19. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/90916X/.
[5] M. S. Monson, A. G. Van Goor, C. M. Ashwell, M. E. Persia, M. F. Rothschild, C. J. Schmidt, and S. J. Lamont, “Exposure to Heat Stress and an Immune Stimulus Affects Gene Expression in Chicken Immune Tissues,” Animal Industry Report, 2017, 663 (1): 47.
[6] A. M. Fouad, W. Chen, D. Ruan, S. Wang, W. G. Xia, and C. T. Zheng, “Impact of heat stress on meat, egg quality, immunity and fertility in poultry and nutritional factors that overcome these effects: A review,” Int. J. Poult. Sci. 2016, 15 (3), 81- 95.
[7] Y. You, “Research on the Effects of Henhouse Environment Control on Production Performance,” Ph. D Thesis, College of Engineering, China Agr. Univ. 2005, Beijing, China.
[8] V. E. Beattiea, N. E. O’connell, and W. Moss, “Influence of environmental enrichment on the behavior, performance and meat quality of domestic pigs,” Livest. Prod. Sci. 2000, 65 (1): 71-79.
[9] S. Xuan, X. Wang, and Q. Shao, “Thermal stress layer chicken diet control measures,” J. Zhejiang Anim. Vet. 2003, 5: 14-15.
[10] L. Steve, “Poultry heat stress,” Chinese Poult. 2002, 24:34-37. http://www.zgjq.cn/eqydk/.
[11] B. N. Hangalapura, M. G. B. Nieuwland, G. de Vries Reilingh, H. V. D. Brand, B. Kemp, and H. K. Parmentier, “Durations of cold stress modulates overall immunity of chicken lines divergently selected for antibody responses,” Poult. Sci. 2004, 83 (5): 765-775.
[12] Z. Wang, “The effects of light and temperature on the laying hen’s rate,” Breed. Technol. Consultant. 2005, 3-5. http://yangzhijishuguwen.zazhi.com.cn.
[13] E. Tan, “Study on Cooling Pad System Regulation of Confined Poultry House,” MS Thesis, College of Engineering, China Agr. Univ. 2010, Beijing, China.
[14] J. Xu, Y. Li, R. Z. Wang, W. Liu, and P. Zhou, “Experimental performance of evaporative cooling pad systems in greenhouses in humid subtropical climates,” Applied Energy, 2015, 138: 291-301.
[15] S. Tian, and S. Jin, “The influence of cold stress on animals and its prevention,” J. Hebei North Univ. (Nat. Sci. Ed.). 2005, 2: 55-57.
[16] V. Tsiouris, I. Georgopoulou, C. Batzios, N. Pappaioannou, R. Ducatelle, and P. Fortomaris, “The effect of cold stress on the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in broiler chicks,” Avian Pathol. 2015, 44 (6): 430-435.
Author Information
  • Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan

  • Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China; Qingdao Bigherdsman Machinery Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China

  • Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China

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  • APA Style

    Guofeng Han, Xiaolong Feng, Shumei Zhao. (2017). A Multistage Regulation Method for the Pad and Fan Cooling System. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 7(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11

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    ACS Style

    Guofeng Han; Xiaolong Feng; Shumei Zhao. A Multistage Regulation Method for the Pad and Fan Cooling System. Agric. For. Fish. 2017, 7(1), 1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11

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    AMA Style

    Guofeng Han, Xiaolong Feng, Shumei Zhao. A Multistage Regulation Method for the Pad and Fan Cooling System. Agric For Fish. 2017;7(1):1-5. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11,
      author = {Guofeng Han and Xiaolong Feng and Shumei Zhao},
      title = {A Multistage Regulation Method for the Pad and Fan Cooling System},
      journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
      volume = {7},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-5},
      doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20180701.11},
      abstract = {The aim of this study was to investigate the abrupt temperature drop problem and its countermeasures of pad and fan cooling system in confined poultry house in summer. The extent and distribution of abrupt temperature drop in a commercial laying-hen house in north China were investigated through field tests. The results showed that over half of poultry house was cooled by more than 5°C (maximum reached 12.4°C) within 25 min after starting the evaporative cooling system under traditional ON/OFF mode. This mode might cause negative effects on layers. In order to attenuate this problem, a multistage regulation method of evaporative cooling system was developed. The water supply pipe was transformed by adding a specially designed water repartition plate to the original water supply system. The water repartition plate can control the watered area of pad. Then four degrees of watered area could be achieved as 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and the full of pad area, and then gradual cooling process has been achieved. The target temperature was reached gradually through modifying the start temperature and single-cooling range, then a relative long period for chickens to adopt cooling process has been realized. This regulation method has been tested in laboratory. The results showed that gradually watering and cooling works well under multistage regulation. The cooling efficiencies from 1st to 4th stage were 15.84%, 30.53%, 56.67% and 83.70%, respectively, which matched well with prediction. In conclusion, the multistage regulation method was able to, as a new solution, alleviate the problem caused by traditional ON/OFF mode of evaporative cooling system in confined poultry house.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - A Multistage Regulation Method for the Pad and Fan Cooling System
    AU  - Guofeng Han
    AU  - Xiaolong Feng
    AU  - Shumei Zhao
    Y1  - 2017/12/20
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11
    T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
    JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
    JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 5
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5648
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20180701.11
    AB  - The aim of this study was to investigate the abrupt temperature drop problem and its countermeasures of pad and fan cooling system in confined poultry house in summer. The extent and distribution of abrupt temperature drop in a commercial laying-hen house in north China were investigated through field tests. The results showed that over half of poultry house was cooled by more than 5°C (maximum reached 12.4°C) within 25 min after starting the evaporative cooling system under traditional ON/OFF mode. This mode might cause negative effects on layers. In order to attenuate this problem, a multistage regulation method of evaporative cooling system was developed. The water supply pipe was transformed by adding a specially designed water repartition plate to the original water supply system. The water repartition plate can control the watered area of pad. Then four degrees of watered area could be achieved as 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, and the full of pad area, and then gradual cooling process has been achieved. The target temperature was reached gradually through modifying the start temperature and single-cooling range, then a relative long period for chickens to adopt cooling process has been realized. This regulation method has been tested in laboratory. The results showed that gradually watering and cooling works well under multistage regulation. The cooling efficiencies from 1st to 4th stage were 15.84%, 30.53%, 56.67% and 83.70%, respectively, which matched well with prediction. In conclusion, the multistage regulation method was able to, as a new solution, alleviate the problem caused by traditional ON/OFF mode of evaporative cooling system in confined poultry house.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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