American Journal of Life Sciences

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Prevalence of Episiotomy and Its Associated Factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Study from Ethiopia

Received: 23 October 2019    Accepted: 23 April 2020    Published: 29 April 2020
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Abstract

Background: Episiotomy is a surgical incision of the perineum during delivery to enlarge the vaginal orifice. It is one of the most commonly performed obstetric intervention world widely. The magnitude of episiotomy varies from population to population. Limited information exists related to the practice of episiotomy in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of episiotomy and its associated factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken from March to June 2014 on 306 mothers who had a vaginal delivery in the Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study units. The data were collected using pretested cheek list. Proportion of patients who had episiotomy was calculated and the association between dependent and independent variables was checked using both binary and multiple logistic regression and Chi-square. Results: Prevalence of episiotomy in University of Gondar Comprehensive specialized Referral Hospital was 47.7% (n = 146). Majority (89.5%) of the delivery was spontaneous vaginal delivery while vacuum, forceps and destructive delivery were 4.6%, 4.6%, and 1.3% respectively. During pregnancy and delivery, 84% of mothers had no associated diseases while 8% had hypertensive disorder, 5% diabetes mellitus and 3% of them has other diseases. After multivariate analysis episiotomy was significantly associated with maternal age (15-24 years) (p = 0.041, AOR (CI 95%) 1.65 (1.02 - 2.66)), primiparity (p =0.010, AOR (CI 95%) 2.61 (1.54 - 4.44)), prolonged labor (p = 0.001, COR (CI 95%) 6.45 (2.89 - 14.38)), and weight of newborn (p = 0.044, COR (CI 95%) 2.48 (1.16, 5.31)). Conclusion: Prevalence of episiotomies in the institution was 47.7% and variables that remained associated significantly with episiotomy were maternal age, primiparity, prolonged labor, and newborn weight.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12
Published in American Journal of Life Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 1, February 2020)
Page(s) 9-13
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Episiotomy, Primiparity, Perineum, Prolonged Labour

References
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[2] Klein M. Rites of Passage: Episiotomy and the Second Stage of Labour. Can Fam Physiology. 1988; 34: 2019-2025.
[3] Lappen, J. R., and Gossett, D. R. Changes in episiotomy practice: Evidence-based medicine in action. Expert Review of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2010; 5 (3): 301-309.
[4] Bertozzi S, Londero A, Fruscalzo A et. al. Impact of episiotomy on pelvic floor disorders and their influence on women’s wellness after the sixth month postpartum: a retrospective study. BMC. Women’s Health. 2011; 11: 12.
[5] Kumar S, Singh S, Babu K M, Halesha B, and Vikas S. Restricted use of Episiotomy. J Obstet Gynecol India. 2010; 60 (5): 408 – 412.
[6] Kutuk M, Dolanbay M, Ozgun M, Ozdemir F, Ozturk A, and Aygen E. Retrospective Analysis of Episiotomy Rate in Erciyes University. Gynecol Obstet Reprod Med. 2014; 20: 10-14.
[7] Sayasneh A and Pandeva I. Postpartum sexual dysfunction: a literature review of risk factors and role of mode of delivery. BJMP. 2010; 3 (2): 316-321.
[8] Signorello, L. B. Midline episiotomy and anal incontinence: retrospective cohort study. BMJ, 2000; 320 (7227): 86–90. doi: 10.1136/bmj.320.7227.86.
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[15] Fodstad K, Staff A and Laine K. Effect of different episiotomy techniques on perineal pain and sexual activity 3 months after delivery. Int Urogynecol J. 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00192-014-2401-2.
[16] Fodstad K, Laine K and Staff A. Different episiotomy techniques, postpartum perineal pain, and blood loss: an observational study. Int Urogynecol J. 2014. doi: 10.1007/s00192-012-1960-3.
[17] Allen R and Ronald. Hanson W. Episiotomy in Low-Risk Vaginal Deliveries. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2005; 18: 8–12.
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[19] Carvalho C, Souza A, and Filho O. Prevalence and factors associated with practice of episiotomy at a maternity school in Recife, Pernambuko, Brazil. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2010; 56 (3): 333-339.
[20] Marai W. A two years retrospective review of episiotomy at Jimma Teaching Hospital, southwestern Ethiopia. Ethiop Med J. 2002; 40 (2): 141-148.
[21] Frankman EA, Wang L, Bunker CH, et al. Episiotomy in the United States: has anything changed? Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009; 200: 573-573.
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[23] Trinh, A, Khambalia A, Ampt A, Morris J and Roberts C. Episiotomy rate in Vietnamese-born women in Australia: support for a change in obstetric practice in Viet Nam. Bull World Health Organ. 2013; 91: 350–356. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/BLT.12.114314.
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Author Information
  • Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Debre Birhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

  • Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia

  • Department of Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Mizan Tepi University, Mizan Teferi, Ethiopia

  • Department of Physiology, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Ethiopia

  • Department of Internal Medicine, Debre Berhan Hospital, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

  • Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

  • Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Debre Birhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia

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    Yonas Teshome, Mengistu Mekonen, Tariku Sisay, Getahun Chala, Amanuael Mengistu, et al. (2020). Prevalence of Episiotomy and Its Associated Factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Study from Ethiopia. American Journal of Life Sciences, 8(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12

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    Yonas Teshome; Mengistu Mekonen; Tariku Sisay; Getahun Chala; Amanuael Mengistu, et al. Prevalence of Episiotomy and Its Associated Factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Study from Ethiopia. Am. J. Life Sci. 2020, 8(1), 9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12

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    AMA Style

    Yonas Teshome, Mengistu Mekonen, Tariku Sisay, Getahun Chala, Amanuael Mengistu, et al. Prevalence of Episiotomy and Its Associated Factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Study from Ethiopia. Am J Life Sci. 2020;8(1):9-13. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12,
      author = {Yonas Teshome and Mengistu Mekonen and Tariku Sisay and Getahun Chala and Amanuael Mengistu and Sisay Shewasinad and Negese Worku},
      title = {Prevalence of Episiotomy and Its Associated Factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Study from Ethiopia},
      journal = {American Journal of Life Sciences},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {9-13},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajls.20200801.12},
      abstract = {Background: Episiotomy is a surgical incision of the perineum during delivery to enlarge the vaginal orifice. It is one of the most commonly performed obstetric intervention world widely. The magnitude of episiotomy varies from population to population. Limited information exists related to the practice of episiotomy in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of episiotomy and its associated factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken from March to June 2014 on 306 mothers who had a vaginal delivery in the Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study units. The data were collected using pretested cheek list. Proportion of patients who had episiotomy was calculated and the association between dependent and independent variables was checked using both binary and multiple logistic regression and Chi-square. Results: Prevalence of episiotomy in University of Gondar Comprehensive specialized Referral Hospital was 47.7% (n = 146). Majority (89.5%) of the delivery was spontaneous vaginal delivery while vacuum, forceps and destructive delivery were 4.6%, 4.6%, and 1.3% respectively. During pregnancy and delivery, 84% of mothers had no associated diseases while 8% had hypertensive disorder, 5% diabetes mellitus and 3% of them has other diseases. After multivariate analysis episiotomy was significantly associated with maternal age (15-24 years) (p = 0.041, AOR (CI 95%) 1.65 (1.02 - 2.66)), primiparity (p =0.010, AOR (CI 95%) 2.61 (1.54 - 4.44)), prolonged labor (p = 0.001, COR (CI 95%) 6.45 (2.89 - 14.38)), and weight of newborn (p = 0.044, COR (CI 95%) 2.48 (1.16, 5.31)). Conclusion: Prevalence of episiotomies in the institution was 47.7% and variables that remained associated significantly with episiotomy were maternal age, primiparity, prolonged labor, and newborn weight.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Prevalence of Episiotomy and Its Associated Factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital: A Retrospective Study from Ethiopia
    AU  - Yonas Teshome
    AU  - Mengistu Mekonen
    AU  - Tariku Sisay
    AU  - Getahun Chala
    AU  - Amanuael Mengistu
    AU  - Sisay Shewasinad
    AU  - Negese Worku
    Y1  - 2020/04/29
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12
    T2  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JF  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    JO  - American Journal of Life Sciences
    SP  - 9
    EP  - 13
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5737
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20200801.12
    AB  - Background: Episiotomy is a surgical incision of the perineum during delivery to enlarge the vaginal orifice. It is one of the most commonly performed obstetric intervention world widely. The magnitude of episiotomy varies from population to population. Limited information exists related to the practice of episiotomy in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of episiotomy and its associated factors in University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based retrospective cross-sectional study was undertaken from March to June 2014 on 306 mothers who had a vaginal delivery in the Hospital. Systematic random sampling technique was employed to select study units. The data were collected using pretested cheek list. Proportion of patients who had episiotomy was calculated and the association between dependent and independent variables was checked using both binary and multiple logistic regression and Chi-square. Results: Prevalence of episiotomy in University of Gondar Comprehensive specialized Referral Hospital was 47.7% (n = 146). Majority (89.5%) of the delivery was spontaneous vaginal delivery while vacuum, forceps and destructive delivery were 4.6%, 4.6%, and 1.3% respectively. During pregnancy and delivery, 84% of mothers had no associated diseases while 8% had hypertensive disorder, 5% diabetes mellitus and 3% of them has other diseases. After multivariate analysis episiotomy was significantly associated with maternal age (15-24 years) (p = 0.041, AOR (CI 95%) 1.65 (1.02 - 2.66)), primiparity (p =0.010, AOR (CI 95%) 2.61 (1.54 - 4.44)), prolonged labor (p = 0.001, COR (CI 95%) 6.45 (2.89 - 14.38)), and weight of newborn (p = 0.044, COR (CI 95%) 2.48 (1.16, 5.31)). Conclusion: Prevalence of episiotomies in the institution was 47.7% and variables that remained associated significantly with episiotomy were maternal age, primiparity, prolonged labor, and newborn weight.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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