This article describes small neurotransmitters as particles of a spinless quantum field. That is, the particles are Bosons that e.g. can occupy equal energy levels. In addition, we consider the particles of the presynaptic region before exocytosis occur as elements of a grand canonical ensemble that is in a thermodynamic equilibrium. Thus, the particles obey the Bose-Einstein statistics, which also determines the corresponding information entropy and the corresponding density matrix. When the release of neurotransmitters occur, the equilibrium collapses and the Bose-Einstein distribution transfers to the Poisson distribution. Moreover, the particles transmit as wave packets, with quantized energies and momenta, through the chemical synapses, where we also describe the effects of the quantum fluctuations. We mark this symmetry braking process that corresponds to a non-equilibrium phase transition by a threshold, which mainly depends on the mean of the particles number, with defined quanta. We model the connections of synaptic neurons of a population to a network by Hamiltonians that include both Bosons and Fermions and their interactions. Bosons are the carriers of messages (information) and Fermions are the switches, which forward these messages, with a modified content. The effects we observe in such a neural circuitry reveals a strong dependence of the solutions from the initial values and, more relevant, solutions with chaotic behavior exist. These circuitry-based ramifications together with possible internal malfunctioning of particular neurons (e.g. intermitted flow) of the network cause a sustainable reduction of the synaptic plasticity.
| Published in | European Journal of Biophysics (Volume 4, Issue 6) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11 |
| Page(s) | 47-66 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Quantum Field of Bosons, Thermodynamics, Symmetry Braking, Quantum Fluctuations, Neural Quantum Circuitry
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APA Style
Paul Levi. (2017). Quantum Effects in Synaptic Neurons and Their Networks in the Brain. European Journal of Biophysics, 4(6), 47-66. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11
ACS Style
Paul Levi. Quantum Effects in Synaptic Neurons and Their Networks in the Brain. Eur. J. Biophys. 2017, 4(6), 47-66. doi: 10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11
AMA Style
Paul Levi. Quantum Effects in Synaptic Neurons and Their Networks in the Brain. Eur J Biophys. 2017;4(6):47-66. doi: 10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11,
author = {Paul Levi},
title = {Quantum Effects in Synaptic Neurons and Their Networks in the Brain},
journal = {European Journal of Biophysics},
volume = {4},
number = {6},
pages = {47-66},
doi = {10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ejb.20160406.11},
abstract = {This article describes small neurotransmitters as particles of a spinless quantum field. That is, the particles are Bosons that e.g. can occupy equal energy levels. In addition, we consider the particles of the presynaptic region before exocytosis occur as elements of a grand canonical ensemble that is in a thermodynamic equilibrium. Thus, the particles obey the Bose-Einstein statistics, which also determines the corresponding information entropy and the corresponding density matrix. When the release of neurotransmitters occur, the equilibrium collapses and the Bose-Einstein distribution transfers to the Poisson distribution. Moreover, the particles transmit as wave packets, with quantized energies and momenta, through the chemical synapses, where we also describe the effects of the quantum fluctuations. We mark this symmetry braking process that corresponds to a non-equilibrium phase transition by a threshold, which mainly depends on the mean of the particles number, with defined quanta. We model the connections of synaptic neurons of a population to a network by Hamiltonians that include both Bosons and Fermions and their interactions. Bosons are the carriers of messages (information) and Fermions are the switches, which forward these messages, with a modified content. The effects we observe in such a neural circuitry reveals a strong dependence of the solutions from the initial values and, more relevant, solutions with chaotic behavior exist. These circuitry-based ramifications together with possible internal malfunctioning of particular neurons (e.g. intermitted flow) of the network cause a sustainable reduction of the synaptic plasticity.},
year = {2017}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Quantum Effects in Synaptic Neurons and Their Networks in the Brain AU - Paul Levi Y1 - 2017/02/10 PY - 2017 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11 T2 - European Journal of Biophysics JF - European Journal of Biophysics JO - European Journal of Biophysics SP - 47 EP - 66 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2329-1737 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ejb.20160406.11 AB - This article describes small neurotransmitters as particles of a spinless quantum field. That is, the particles are Bosons that e.g. can occupy equal energy levels. In addition, we consider the particles of the presynaptic region before exocytosis occur as elements of a grand canonical ensemble that is in a thermodynamic equilibrium. Thus, the particles obey the Bose-Einstein statistics, which also determines the corresponding information entropy and the corresponding density matrix. When the release of neurotransmitters occur, the equilibrium collapses and the Bose-Einstein distribution transfers to the Poisson distribution. Moreover, the particles transmit as wave packets, with quantized energies and momenta, through the chemical synapses, where we also describe the effects of the quantum fluctuations. We mark this symmetry braking process that corresponds to a non-equilibrium phase transition by a threshold, which mainly depends on the mean of the particles number, with defined quanta. We model the connections of synaptic neurons of a population to a network by Hamiltonians that include both Bosons and Fermions and their interactions. Bosons are the carriers of messages (information) and Fermions are the switches, which forward these messages, with a modified content. The effects we observe in such a neural circuitry reveals a strong dependence of the solutions from the initial values and, more relevant, solutions with chaotic behavior exist. These circuitry-based ramifications together with possible internal malfunctioning of particular neurons (e.g. intermitted flow) of the network cause a sustainable reduction of the synaptic plasticity. VL - 4 IS - 6 ER -
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