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Essential Hypertension in Adult Nigerians in a Primary Care Clinic: A Cross Sectional Study of the Prevalence and Associated Family Socio-Biological Factors in Eastern Nigeria
Gabriel Uche Pascal Iloh,
Agwu Nkwa Amadi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
81-89
Received:
25 September 2014
Accepted:
10 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: Background: The prevalence of hypertension in primary care setting is showing an upward trend. However, the occurrence of hypertension is a reflection of not only family predisposition but interaction and clustering of socio-biological and behavioural factors. Aim: This was a cross sectional study of prevalence of essential hypertension and associated family socio-biological factors among adult Nigerians in a primary care clinic in Eastern Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in May 2011 at a primary care clinic in South Eastern Nigeria. Hypertension was defined using JNC VII criterion. Data on family socio-biological variables were obtained using pretested, structured and interviewer-administered questionnaire. Results: The prevalence of hypertension was 12.3% and 61.7% of the hypertensive patients had their diagnosis made in the hospital. There were eighty-one (41.3%) males and one hundred and fifteen(58.7%) females with sex ratio of 1: 1.4. The age ranges from 18-82 years for males with mean age of 58±12.0 years whilst for females the age ranges from 18-84 years with mean age of 63±14.2 years. Family biosocial factors significantly associated with hypertension was family size more than four (P=.045) and family history of hypertension (P=.024). The most significant family predictor variable was family history of hypertension (OR=3.49 P=.026). The patient with family history of hypertension was three and half times more likely to be hypertensive than those without family history of hypertension. Conclusion: Hypertension occurs in adult Nigerians in the primary care and is associated with family size more than four and family history of hypertension. History of hypertension in the family during clinical encounter should stimulate the need for family oriented primary care and prevention.
Abstract: Background: The prevalence of hypertension in primary care setting is showing an upward trend. However, the occurrence of hypertension is a reflection of not only family predisposition but interaction and clustering of socio-biological and behavioural factors. Aim: This was a cross sectional study of prevalence of essential hypertension and associa...
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Tensile Force Effect of Pelvic Belt in Patients with Antenatal Symphyseal Pain
Fayiz El-Shamy,
Magda Morsy,
Anees Saleh
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
90-94
Received:
4 October 2014
Accepted:
18 October 2014
Published:
30 October 2014
Abstract: Aims: To investigate the effect of pelvic belt on relieving antenatal symphyseal pain. Study design: A randomized clinical controlled trial. Place and Duration of study: Department of Obstetrics, Kafelsheikh general hospital - Kafelsheikh, between June 2014 and September 2014. Methodology: Twenty pregnant women (age range 25-30 years) at 24 weeks gestation with a good general health were selected randomly, clinically diagnosed with symphyeal pain and divided into 2 equal groups (A&B). Patients in group A were treated by pelvic belt with tensile force of 50 N. for 4 weeks, patients in group B without any treatment. Severity of symphyseal pain and diastasis were measured by mean of a 100-mm horizontal visual analogue scale and ultrasound before and after the treatment program. Results: Patients in group A showed non significant difference in severity of symphyseal pain and diastasis (P=0.54 & 0.84 respectively). Patients in group B showed highly significant increase in severity of symphyseal pain and diastasis (P=0.001). There were highly significant difference between both groups (P=0.001) after the treatment program. The symphyseal pain value was significantly correlated with the decrease in symphyseal diastasis.(Pearson’s correlation coefficient 0.59, P=0.005). Conclusion: Application of a pelvic belt at the symphysis pubis decrease antenatal symphyseal diastasis and pain.
Abstract: Aims: To investigate the effect of pelvic belt on relieving antenatal symphyseal pain. Study design: A randomized clinical controlled trial. Place and Duration of study: Department of Obstetrics, Kafelsheikh general hospital - Kafelsheikh, between June 2014 and September 2014. Methodology: Twenty pregnant women (age range 25-30 years) at 24 weeks g...
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An Assessment of the Perceived Association between Oral Health and Pregnancy Outcomes in a Sample of Surveyed Doctors in Port Harcourt Nigeria
Braimoh Omoigberai Bashiru,
Ilochonwu Nzube Anthony
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
95-98
Received:
31 October 2014
Accepted:
6 November 2014
Published:
20 November 2014
Abstract: Background: Misconceptions exist on the safety of dental care during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of medical practitioners on the relationship between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving resident doctors at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State Nigeria. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires and analyzed using IBM SPSS (New York, USA) statistics version 20.0. Frequency statistics and bivariate analysis were done and Chi-square test was used to test for statistical significance at the critical value p<0.05. Results: A total of 138 medical practitioners made up of 90 (65.2%) males and 48 (34.8%) females completed the questionnaire. Eighty five (62%) of the subjects were less than 35 years and 76 (55%) had practiced for less than 10 years. Approximately 53% of the subjects would advise patients to visit dentist during pregnancy. The sources of information were medical journal, 58%; medical curriculum, 46%; clinical teaching, 52% and internet, 35%. The majority 117 (85%) of the participants believed there was a possible connection between oral health and pregnancy outcomes, whereas 86 (62.3%) were ignorant that it was safe to carryout dental treatment during pregnancy. Gender, age and years of practice were significant determinant for advising dental visits. Conclusion: Approximately half of the medical practitioners would advise dental visits during pregnancy. Though majority of the participants were aware of the possible connection between oral health and pregnancy outcomes, they were ignorant of the impact of oral diseases on pregnancy outcomes and safety of dental care during pregnancy.
Abstract: Background: Misconceptions exist on the safety of dental care during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of medical practitioners on the relationship between oral health and pregnancy outcomes. Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving resident doctors at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Ri...
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Fast Food Consumption and Obesity Risk among University Students of Bangladesh
Shatabdi Goon,
Munmun Shabnam Bipasha,
Md. Saiful Islam
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
99-104
Received:
8 October 2014
Accepted:
21 October 2014
Published:
20 November 2014
Abstract: Fast food consumption leading to excess calorie intake coupled with lack of adequate physical activity has increased the risk of obesity among the world population for the past few decades. A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to April 2014 among four hundred twenty six students selected by the use of systematic random sampling attending in an established private university of Bangladesh. The objective of this study was evaluating fast food consumption and prevalence of obesity among university students. The overall prevalence of fast food consumption was 55.9 % and 44.1 % for males and females, respectively. Approximately 56% of university students went to fast food restaurants at least once per week and 44 % went regularly (≥2 times/wk). Status of obesity was found to be significantly associated with frequenting fast-food restaurants; students going two or more times per week were more likely to be obese (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.3-3.9). Obesity was detected among 56.2 % of those students going two or more times per week in fast food restaurants showed significantly high prevalence (X2=7.82, p<0.05). This study provides evidence of increasing trend in obesity among university students consuming fast foods regularly. A combined initiative from family, universities, public health experts and government is much needed to tackle this public health problem.
Abstract: Fast food consumption leading to excess calorie intake coupled with lack of adequate physical activity has increased the risk of obesity among the world population for the past few decades. A cross-sectional study was carried out from March to April 2014 among four hundred twenty six students selected by the use of systematic random sampling attend...
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Problems Identified in Antenatal Screening in Bope Poddala, Sri Lanka
Darshana I. L. A. N.,
Nanayakkara N. P.,
Fernando N. S.,
Mahendra R.,
Sandya L. M.,
De Silva P. V.
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
105-109
Received:
23 November 2014
Accepted:
30 November 2014
Published:
2 December 2014
Abstract: Introduction: This study was carried out to analyze the patterns and identify some co-relates of Hemoglobin levels and basic investigations (VDRL, UFR, Grouping & Rh) performed at booking visit during pregnancy. Methods: All pregnant mothers who attended the routine antenatal clinic for their booking visit in Bope Poddala MOH area from April 2013 to April 2014 were selected as the sample. Data were extracted from the records available in the Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ruhuna, Sri Lanka. Results Total number of mothers in the sample was 289. Of them, 7.3% were teenage mothers while those aged between 19-35yrs and above 35yrs constituted 82.0% and 10.7% respectively. The ethnic distribution of pregnant women is as follows; Sinhala 68.2% (197), Muslim 30.4% (88) and Tamil 1.4% (4). Their respective Hb levels were 12.15g/dl, 11.94g/dl and 10.82g/dl. The overall mean Hb level of pregnant mothers is 12.07 g/dl (SD=1.48). The mean Hb levels of teenage mothers, mothers aged between 19-35yrs and mothers above 35yrs were 11.65 (SD=1.29) g/dl, 12.07g/dl (SD=1.43) and 12.3 (SD=1.91) g/dl respectively. Accordingly, 22.8% among first trimester pregnant mothers were anemic. There was no association between age group (P value 0.438), ethnicity (P value 0.230) and parity (P value 0.291) of pregnant mothers with their Hb levels. Only 0.3% has a weakly reactive VDRL results and no one had a positive test. Out of total pregnant mothers 8.7% had pyuria and 4.5% had trace urine albumin levels at booking visit. Out of total pregnant mothers 91.7% was Rh positive and 8.3% was Rh negative. Conclusion This study shows that nearly quarter of first trimester pregnant mothers who presented at their booking visit to antenatal clinic were anemic. A considerable percentage had pyuria which is compatible with the global prevalence. Nutritional interventions for pre-pregnant women and educating pregnant women on prevention of urinary tract infections are recommended.
Abstract: Introduction: This study was carried out to analyze the patterns and identify some co-relates of Hemoglobin levels and basic investigations (VDRL, UFR, Grouping & Rh) performed at booking visit during pregnancy. Methods: All pregnant mothers who attended the routine antenatal clinic for their booking visit in Bope Poddala MOH area from April 2013 t...
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Prolonged Retention of Primary Teeth and TMD from the Archaeological Sample in the Edo Japanese
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 6, November 2014
Pages:
110-113
Received:
5 August 2014
Accepted:
22 December 2014
Published:
29 December 2014
Abstract: Prolonged retention of bilateral primary second molars was observed in ancient human skeletal remains excavated from temple ruins of the middle to late Edo period in Japan. Radiographs showed no sign of bilateral second premolars which appeared to be congenitally missing. Furthermore, there was inflammatory deformation of the left mandibular condyle, and pseudarthrosis at the articulation with the left mandibular fossa and a small hole on the articular surface were observed. The case of this study is a rare case in which prolonged retention of bilateral primary second molars was speculated to have resulted in malocclusion, which in turn might have led to temporomandibular disorder. In addition, this case is reported here because its information is thought to be applicable to clinical practice in modern dentistry.
Abstract: Prolonged retention of bilateral primary second molars was observed in ancient human skeletal remains excavated from temple ruins of the middle to late Edo period in Japan. Radiographs showed no sign of bilateral second premolars which appeared to be congenitally missing. Furthermore, there was inflammatory deformation of the left mandibular condyl...
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