-
Chemical Preparation of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Plants Extracts in Antibacterial Application
Wisam Jafer Aziz,
Aliyaa Abd Urabe
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
1-6
Received:
2 February 2019
Accepted:
11 March 2019
Published:
26 March 2019
Abstract: In of this studying the green synthesis of Iron Oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) with Celery stalks and green tea leaves extract were used. The fresh suspension of plant extracts ware green- brown in color. However, after acting of FeNO3 within 20min, the suspension showed the change in color and turned dark brown after 4 hours of incubation at room temperature. Formation of Iron oxide nanoparticles was confirmed using X-ray is spectral analysis and showed the characteristic Bragg peaks of (111) to green tea extract and (111) to celery extract, plant of the face center cubic (FCC) Iron Oxide nanoparticles. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) Iron oxide nanoparticles see small particles and rode. The synthesized Fe2O3 NPs colloidal solution has shown better antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The diameters of the inhibition zones of Fe2O3 NPs against the bacterial strains were, S. aureus (27 mm) p. aerugino (29mm) with camellia sinensis extract and S. aureus (22 mm) p. aerugino (25mm) with Apium graveolens exiract at 50 μg/ml concentration.
Abstract: In of this studying the green synthesis of Iron Oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) with Celery stalks and green tea leaves extract were used. The fresh suspension of plant extracts ware green- brown in color. However, after acting of FeNO3 within 20min, the suspension showed the change in color and turned dark brown after 4 hours of incubation at room...
Show More
-
Prodrug Approach: An Alternative to Improve Pharmacokinetic Properties
Ashwani Kumar Dhingra,
Bhawna Chopra,
Rameshwar Dass
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
7-13
Received:
8 February 2019
Accepted:
11 March 2019
Published:
28 March 2019
Abstract: Prodrugs are the masked forms of active drugs that are designed to be activated once they have been administered into the body by an enzymatic or chemical means. It is a well known molecular modification strategy that aims to optimize the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs to improve their undesirable pharmacokinetic properties and decrease their toxicity. In most of the cases, prodrugs design involves the introduction of carrier/promoiety by a metabolic liable linkage so that after biotransformation by one or two chemical or enzymatic steps it will lead to the active parent drug. However, some prodrugs lack an obvious promoiety but instead result from a molecular modification of the prodrug itself, which generates a new active compound. This review introduces in depth the rationale behind the use of the promoiety, and also considers the possible problems that can arise from inadequate activation of prodrugs.
Abstract: Prodrugs are the masked forms of active drugs that are designed to be activated once they have been administered into the body by an enzymatic or chemical means. It is a well known molecular modification strategy that aims to optimize the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of drugs to improve their undesirable pharmacokinetic properties...
Show More
-
Photocatalytic Activity of Zr Doped ZnO and Its Morphology
Arumugam Vijayabalan,
Ayyanar Sivakumar,
Nadarajan Suresh Babu,
Arumugam Amalorpavadoss
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
14-18
Received:
3 February 2019
Accepted:
8 March 2019
Published:
30 March 2019
Abstract: Doped ZnO with Zr has been obtained by sol-gel method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum, Scanning electron micrographs, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Powder XRD shows that synthesized Zr doped ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite structure and high crystallinity, DRS reveals that wavelength are shifted from UV region to visible region when Zr doping. PL spectra clearly reveal that the recombinations of electron-hole pair in ZnO are suppressed by Zr doping. Zr-doping enhances the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye than ZnO under visible light.
Abstract: Doped ZnO with Zr has been obtained by sol-gel method and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray spectrum, Scanning electron micrographs, and UV–visible diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Powder XRD shows that synthesized Zr doped ZnO has hexagonal wurtzite structure and high crystallinity, DRS revea...
Show More
-
Phytochemical Study and Protective effect of Diospyros lotus Against Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Hepato and Nephro-Toxicity in Rats
Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof,
Khaled Younes Mohamed,
Emam Waked,
Hesham Anwar Gomaa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
19-23
Received:
8 February 2019
Accepted:
8 March 2019
Published:
30 March 2019
Abstract: The present work was carried out to studytheprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract of Diospyros lotus L. aerial parts against hepato and nephro-toxicity that was induced bycarbon tetrachloride. In addition, phytochemical screening, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and proximate analysisof the aerial parts were determined. Methanol (70%) extracts of the aerial parts of Diospyros lotus L. was prepared. Two main groups of rats were assigned which were normal and damaged liver groups that administrated CCl4 (carbon tetra chloride). Each group classified into 4 different groups normalcontrol: was received distilled water, positive control: was administered silymarin (50 mg/kg), and treated groups:were administered Diospyros lotus tested extract at two dose levels (150 and 300 mg/kg) for 15 days. Serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferase activities were determined to evaluate hepatoprptective effect, while uric acid and creatinine levels were measured to study renal function protective effects. The results showed that the alterations induced by carbon tetrachloride were significantly restored by methanol extract of Diospyros lotus (150 and 300 mg/kg) in dose dependant manner. Alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, flavonoids, saponins and unsaturated sterols and/or triterpenes were detected as the main active constituents of the methanol extract. It can be concluded that the 70% methanol extract of Diospyros lotus L. aerial parts has a significant protective effect against acute hepato-toxicity and nephro-toxicity induced by CCl4 in ratsso it can be used as a safe hepato-nephro protective drug.
Abstract: The present work was carried out to studytheprotective effect of 70% methanolic extract of Diospyros lotus L. aerial parts against hepato and nephro-toxicity that was induced bycarbon tetrachloride. In addition, phytochemical screening, total phenolic, total flavonoid contents and proximate analysisof the aerial parts were determined. Methanol (70%)...
Show More
-
Varietal Advances of Jute, Kenaf and Mesta Crops in Bangladesh: A Review
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
24-41
Received:
1 February 2019
Accepted:
13 March 2019
Published:
2 April 2019
Abstract: Jute is a cash crop of Bangladesh. Jute, kenaf and mesta fibre cultivation, trade and industry provide sustenance to over 4 million people of Bangladesh. The productivity of jute had doubled from 1.50 t/ha during 1970-80 to about 2.04 t/ha during 2015-16. Development of high-yielding varieties were the one of the main specific technologies which made this possible. Therefore a review was undertaken on research and development of jute, kenaf and mesta varieties at Agronomy Division, Bangladesh Jute Research Institute (BJRI), Dhaka during 2018. The sources of secondary data were BJRI annual reports, thesis, news letter, national and international journals and accessing internet. Nearly 8 lack hectares of land cultivated by jute and allied crops per year in Bangladesh, which produced 80-90 lack bales of fibre. Over all 49 jute and allied varieties (White jute 25, Tossa jute 17, Kenaf 4 and Mesta 3 varieties) developed by BJRI. CVL-1, BJRI Deshi Pat-5, BJRI Deshi Pat-6, BJRI Deshi Pat-7, BJRI Deshi Pat-8, BJRI Deshi Pat Shak-1 and BJRI Deshi Pat-9 of C. capsularis L., O-9897, BJRI Tossa Pat-4, BJRI Tossa Pat-5, BJRI Tossa Pat-6, BJRI Tossa Pat-7 of C. olitorius L., HC-2, HC-95, HC-3 and BJRI Kenaf-4 of Hibiscus canabinus and HS-24, BJRI Mesrta-2 and BJRI Mesta-3 of H. subdariffa. found important could cultivated in farmers field. Premature flowering in jute varieties found harmful to fibre production. Premature or untimely flowering happened mainly due to early sowing of jute varieties in short day length period and partly due to prolonged drought, dry air, stunted growth, low fertility of soil, cloudy weather etc.
Abstract: Jute is a cash crop of Bangladesh. Jute, kenaf and mesta fibre cultivation, trade and industry provide sustenance to over 4 million people of Bangladesh. The productivity of jute had doubled from 1.50 t/ha during 1970-80 to about 2.04 t/ha during 2015-16. Development of high-yielding varieties were the one of the main specific technologies which ma...
Show More
-
Aflatoxin Contamination Level of Different Crops in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
42-46
Received:
6 February 2019
Accepted:
22 March 2019
Published:
18 April 2019
Abstract: This review paper was conducted to show the current status of aflatoxin contamination level of some selected crop commodities. Different data sources were collected from January, 2018 up to February, 2019 from published, unpublished and other scientific research reports. The results reported by different authors indicated that total aflatoxin, AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2 are the aflatoxin types that contaminate groundnut, red pepper, maize, malt barely, sorghum and other types of crop commodities. According to different authors and research reports showed AFB1 is the most common aflatoxin type that contaminates different crops. Based on the review, the current aflatoxin contamination level of some Ethiopian crops were above permissible level according to the FAO/WHO and EU standards. This indicates that most Ethiopia people consume different crops that contaminated by aflatoxin due to lack of awareness about the cause and the effects of aflatoxin. The increment of temperature and moisture content were favorable for the growth of aflatoxigenic fungi. Different authors reported that the moisture and temperature increases, the aflatoxin contamination level of crops also increases.
Abstract: This review paper was conducted to show the current status of aflatoxin contamination level of some selected crop commodities. Different data sources were collected from January, 2018 up to February, 2019 from published, unpublished and other scientific research reports. The results reported by different authors indicated that total aflatoxin, AFB1...
Show More
-
Influence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Inoculation on Growth and Mycorrhizal Dependency of (Lens culinaris L.) Varieties
Shah Wali Khan,
Tabassum Yaseen,
Falak Naz,
Syed Abidullah,
Mohammad Kamil
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
47-52
Received:
9 February 2019
Accepted:
25 March 2019
Published:
22 April 2019
Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil fungi, obligate biotrophic fungi and form the most common mutualistic symbiosis in nature: the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). This association occurs on the roots of most plants, promoting improvements in plant growth and development. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus aggergatums, Glomus fasciculatum, Glomus mosseae and Sclerocystis niger) inoculation on growth and mycorrhizal dependency of Lens culinaris L. varieties. The experiment was carried out under natural condition with two treatments (inoculated and control) in triplicates. Inoculation of lentil plants with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi resulted a significant increase in various plant growth parameters compared to plants without inoculation. In addition, fungal inoculation significantly increased mycorrhizal dependency as compared to un-inoculated plants. It is concluded that fungal inoculation improve plant growth parameters under phosphorous deficient soil.
Abstract: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are soil fungi, obligate biotrophic fungi and form the most common mutualistic symbiosis in nature: the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM). This association occurs on the roots of most plants, promoting improvements in plant growth and development. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of arbuscular mycorr...
Show More
-
Assessment of the Levels and Potential Health Risk Posed by Selected Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Farms in Manzini Region, Eswatini
Gabriel Chewe Bwembya,
Paul Junior,
Justice Mandla Thwala,
Sipho Samuel Mamba,
Tesfamariam Yosief Debessai,
Nomfundo Dlamini
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
53-63
Received:
18 February 2019
Accepted:
30 March 2019
Published:
6 May 2019
Abstract: The study investigated qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of organophosphate pesticide (OPP) residues in cabbages, tomatoes and soil from vegetable gardens of Manzini region and assessed the health risk to consumers. Samples were analysed using QuEChERS extraction technique and GC-ECD. Mean recoveries of the pesticides range from 70.61% to 103.76%. Among 26 samples of cabbages analysed, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dichlorvos with a mean concentration of 2.889 ± 0.617 mg/kg, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dimethoate with mean concentration of 2.898 ± 0.894 mg/kg while 5 samples (19.23%) contained both dichlorvos and dimethoate. The highest concentration of dichlorvos of 5.460 ± 0.911 mg/kg was found in Ngwempisi cabbages while the lowest concentration of 0.415 mg/kg was in Mgazini cabbages. The highest amount of dimethoate of 13.150 ± 3.246 mg/kg was in Matfunjwa cabbages while the lowest amount of dimethoate of 0.106 ± 0.187 mg/kg was in Boyane cabbages. All the contaminated cabbages had residue levels above the Codex (FAO/WHO) and EU MRLs. None of the 15 samples of tomatoes was found to be contaminated with organophosphate pesticides. Out of 41 samples of soil, chlorpyrifos was detected in only 3 samples (7.32%) with mean concentration of 1.145 ± 0.136 mg/kg. The highest amount of 2.778 ± 0.134 mg/kg was found in soil from Buoyane. The health risk estimate also demonstrated that the levels of pesticides residues in cabbages pose health threat to consumers. The results of this study provide a database on the levels of organophosphate pesticide residues in vegetables in the Manzini region to the Ministries of Agriculture and Health. This will help introduce safer pesticide management practices. It will also bring awareness to the general public on the dangers of OPPs to human health and environment.
Abstract: The study investigated qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of organophosphate pesticide (OPP) residues in cabbages, tomatoes and soil from vegetable gardens of Manzini region and assessed the health risk to consumers. Samples were analysed using QuEChERS extraction technique and GC-ECD. Mean recoveries of the pesticides range from 70.61% ...
Show More
-
Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Inoculation on Proximate Analysis of Chickpea Varieties
Falak Naz,
Tabassum Yaseen,
Shah Wali Khan,
Mohammad Kamil
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
64-69
Received:
24 March 2019
Accepted:
23 April 2019
Published:
23 May 2019
Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on different varieties of Cicer arietinum L. (Chana Punjab 2008, Chana Dasht and Chana bakar 2011). The experiment was carried out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) with AMF treatments and replications three times repeated under natural condition during Rabi season 2014-2015 at Department of Botany Bacha Khan University Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa-Pakistan. The pots were filled with processed soil and each pot having 4Kg of phosphorus deficient soil (1.43 mg kg-1). Size of each pot (23cm x 19.5cm). Some pots were inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and twenty seeds of chickpea were sown in each pot. The results show that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation significantly increased proximate composition in Chickpea verities as compared to non-inoculated plants. Inoculated plants performed better when compared with control plants. Similarly it is also proved that Chickpea verities are more dependent on mycorrhizal inoculation under P-deficient condition for better survival.
Abstract: A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on different varieties of Cicer arietinum L. (Chana Punjab 2008, Chana Dasht and Chana bakar 2011). The experiment was carried out in completely randomized block design (RCBD) with AMF treatments and replications three times repeated under natura...
Show More
-
Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants in Their Conservation in Charmang Village, Bajaur, KP, Pakistan
Syed Abidullah,
Abdur Rauf,
Shah Wali Khan,
Mehnaz,
Aisha Bibi,
Abdur Rauf,
Sommya Fazal
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, June 2019
Pages:
70-83
Received:
10 February 2019
Accepted:
10 May 2019
Published:
4 June 2019
Abstract: The Ethno-medicinal studies have been carried out for the first time in Charmang, Tehsil Nawagai, district Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. In this project a total of 64 medicinal plants belonging to 39 families and 58 genera and species have been documented, which are being used by the local communities for the treatment of different human sicknesses. Among 64 plant species, 58 medicinal plants species were found as compared with the 12 earlier published articles. This study mainly focused to protect the world’s cultural tradition and to document the importance of medicinal plants present in the research area. A complete data has been established on the general and worldwide uses of the projected study to find out new possible species for further studies. A general field surveys was arranged in the desire area, which was based on semi-structured meetings of 135 local sneaks. To assess the exact herbal knowledge, the data were investigated using quantifiable Ethno medicinal records as RFC (Relative Frequency Citation) and UV (Use Value), separately. The local interviewed peoples used 64 plant species belonging to 58 genera in 39 families, mainly Lamiaceae, Rhamnaceae and Solanaceae. The type of most common diseases (25%) was Respiratory diseases (Asthma, Throat infection, Cough etc.). The present study was emphasized based on ironic herbal knowledge to know the novel findings of medicinal plants in district Bajaur, KP, Pakistan which could be a standard use for upgrading the knowledge in terms of plant phytochemistry, pharmacology and biological activities for the efficiency and safety of medicinal plants.
Abstract: The Ethno-medicinal studies have been carried out for the first time in Charmang, Tehsil Nawagai, district Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. In this project a total of 64 medicinal plants belonging to 39 families and 58 genera and species have been documented, which are being used by the local communities for the treatment of different hum...
Show More
