-
Ecofriendly Synthesis of Bioactive 2-thiobarbituric Acid Derivatives
M. A. Sattar,
Mst. Khodeza Khatun,
Tapan K. Sarkar,
Sharif M. Al-Reza
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
83-86
Received:
22 February 2017
Accepted:
15 March 2017
Published:
27 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: In this study, five derivatives of 2-thiobarbituric acid were prepared under microwave irradiation (MWI) and conventional heating method. It was found that the preparation time wasreduced from 24 hours to 5-10 minutes by using microwave irradiation method. In microwave irradiation, the yield also comparatively very high (97.50-98.32%) than conventional method (74-78%). FT-IR, 1H-NMR spectral data were used to determine the structures of the compounds. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized compounds were investigated by using Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteia. The zone of inhibition of the compounds were found in the range of 8 to 14 mm. In cytotoxic analysis, the mortality 74-89% were appeared when sample concentration were (0.78-6.25) μg/ml and more than 6.25 μg/ml concentration showed 100% mortality. The antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of synthesized compoundswas found due to the presence of a reactive and unsaturated ketone.
Abstract: In this study, five derivatives of 2-thiobarbituric acid were prepared under microwave irradiation (MWI) and conventional heating method. It was found that the preparation time wasreduced from 24 hours to 5-10 minutes by using microwave irradiation method. In microwave irradiation, the yield also comparatively very high (97.50-98.32%) than conventi...
Show More
-
Enzymatic Degumming of Ray Liver Oil Using Phospholipase A1: Efficiency, Yield and Effect on Physicochemical Parameters
Daniela Lorena Lamas,
Agueda Elena Massa
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
87-93
Received:
15 February 2017
Accepted:
9 March 2017
Published:
29 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Crude oils have components such as metals, pigments, phospholipids and waxes, which alter its physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics. These components are commonly removed during the refining process by physicochemical methods. In recent decades, the oil industry has desired the development of biotechnological processes to replace traditional methods. In this paper the enzymatic degumming of ray liver oil is presented as an alternative innovative, sustainable and process to chemical degumming. The traditional process was performed using citric acid, while the enzymatic process was performed using the enzyme phospholipase A1 as degumming agent. Both treatments were performed in a batch thermostated reactor. The efficiency of the enzyme process, assessed by removing phosphorus percentage content, was significantly higher compared to the traditional treatment, (54.70% and 81.31% respectively). The quality characteristics of crude and degummed oils was determined by acidity, peroxide, p-anisidine and TOTOX indexes, beyond moisture, fatty acids contents, color and density. The fatty acid profile was rich in polyunsaturated omega-3 ratio in all the samples analyzed. Quality parameters evaluated were slightly modified by both degumming processes, highlighting a favorable change in the color and appearance of the oil obtained by the process carried out with enzymes. The obtained results suggest that the enzymatic process produces significant improved quality and nutritional values, with better attempt fish oil characteristics for use in the pharmaceutical and functional foods.
Abstract: Crude oils have components such as metals, pigments, phospholipids and waxes, which alter its physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics. These components are commonly removed during the refining process by physicochemical methods. In recent decades, the oil industry has desired the development of biotechnological processes to replace traditi...
Show More
-
Thermo - Acoustic Approach for Neuron Signals and New Hypothesis for Anesthetics Mechanisms
Svetlana Amirova,
Tamara Tulaykova
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
94-101
Received:
3 February 2017
Accepted:
25 February 2017
Published:
30 March 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: We consider axon as a cylinder that has acoustic waveguide regimes to concentrate the propagated signals with appropriate deformation of membrane areas. The highest temperature results near the cylinder axis that can cause low-frequency (0.1 - 10 kHz) longitudinal vibrations of axon due to thermal expansion of material. These frequency shifts are very sensitive to the changes in surrounding viscosity, calculations are presented. The same resonance frequencies of both parts of neuron (axon and Soma) were calculated based on structures sizes, but anaesthesia effect could be explained by different frequency changes for both neuron parts to anesthetics admixture in surrounding.
Abstract: We consider axon as a cylinder that has acoustic waveguide regimes to concentrate the propagated signals with appropriate deformation of membrane areas. The highest temperature results near the cylinder axis that can cause low-frequency (0.1 - 10 kHz) longitudinal vibrations of axon due to thermal expansion of material. These frequency shifts are v...
Show More
-
Chitosan and Chitosan Oligosaccharides: Applications in Medicine, Agriculture and Biotechnology
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
102-106
Received:
18 February 2017
Accepted:
17 March 2017
Published:
7 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Chitosan and its oligosaccharides (COS), which are known to possess multiple functional properties, have attracted considerable interest due to their biological activities and potential applications in medicine, agriculture, environment, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we have summarized the findings of previous investigations that have focused on biological and industrial properties of chitosan and COS.
Abstract: Chitosan and its oligosaccharides (COS), which are known to possess multiple functional properties, have attracted considerable interest due to their biological activities and potential applications in medicine, agriculture, environment, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. In this review, we have summarized the findings of previous investi...
Show More
-
Quantitative Structure Toxicity Relationship (QSTR) Models for Predicting Toxicity of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) Using Quantum Chemical Descriptors
Sabitu Babatunde Olasupo,
Adamu Uzairu,
Balarabe Sarki Sagagi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
107-117
Received:
25 February 2017
Accepted:
22 March 2017
Published:
7 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The Density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP of 6-31G* basis set was employed to optimize 30 polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) involved in this study by using Genetic function appropriation algorithm (GFA) approach to develop regression models in order to predict the toxicity of the compounds. The optimum model which has squared correlation coefficient (R2) = 0.9382, cross validated correlation coefficient (R2cv) = 0.9056, adjusted squared correlation coefficient (R2Adj) = 0.9228 and external prediction (R2pred) =0.7238 was selected. The robustness of the model was confirmed by method of Y- randomization and the accuracy of the proposed model was also illustrated by using cross-Validation, validation through an external test set and applicability domain techniques. This QSTR model proved to be a useful tool in the prediction of toxicity of the congeneric compounds and a guide in the identification of structural features that could be responsible for toxicity of other polychlorinated aromatic compounds.
Abstract: The Density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP of 6-31G* basis set was employed to optimize 30 polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) involved in this study by using Genetic function appropriation algorithm (GFA) approach to develop regression models in order to predict the toxicity of the compounds. The optimum model which has squared correlation coeffici...
Show More
-
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Screening of Some Novel Chloroquinolines in DMF and DMSO
Shipra Baluja,
Sumitra Chanda
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
118-124
Received:
20 February 2017
Accepted:
18 March 2017
Published:
14 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.16
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: A series of novel chloroquinolines; pyrazolines and sulphonamide derivatives were synthesized which have medical interest and high biological activity. For these synthesized compounds, antimicrobial screening was done against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial and fungal strains in N, N, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).
Abstract: A series of novel chloroquinolines; pyrazolines and sulphonamide derivatives were synthesized which have medical interest and high biological activity. For these synthesized compounds, antimicrobial screening was done against some Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial and fungal strains in N, N, dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (D...
Show More
-
Assessment of Proximate, Mineral and Anti-nutritional Compositions of Myrianthus arboreus Leaves
Awodi Peter Atabo,
Awodi Patience Ilecholubo,
Larayetan Rotimi Abisoye
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
125-129
Received:
23 February 2017
Accepted:
29 March 2017
Published:
22 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.17
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: This study investigates the proximate, mineral and anti nutritional compositions of fresh Myrianthus arboreus leaves. Standard laboratory procedures and spectrophotometric method were employed for the analysis. The results obtained were; moisture content (59.55%), ash content (3.58%), crude fibre (13.15%), crude protein content (4.03%), fat content (2.57% and carbohydrate was estimated to be (17.13%). Mineral analysis shows that Myrianthus arboreus leaves contain considerably high concentrations of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and potassium. Similarly, Myrianthus arboreus leaves contains anti-nutritional contituents at varying concentrations; tannin (3.91mg/g), saponins (4.62mg/g), oxalates (0.07mg/g), glycosides (1.45mg/g) and phytates (1.86mg/g). In conclusion, the results of this study indicates that Myrianthus arbreus leaves contained essential nutrients, mineral elements and anti-nutritional constituents with significant biological roles at physiological concentrations.
Abstract: This study investigates the proximate, mineral and anti nutritional compositions of fresh Myrianthus arboreus leaves. Standard laboratory procedures and spectrophotometric method were employed for the analysis. The results obtained were; moisture content (59.55%), ash content (3.58%), crude fibre (13.15%), crude protein content (4.03%), fat content...
Show More
-
Malt Quality Profile of Malt Barley Varieties Grown in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia
Biadge Kefale,
Yadesa Abushu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
130-134
Received:
24 February 2017
Accepted:
18 March 2017
Published:
22 April 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.18
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The bio chemical composition of barley is highly affected the beer quality and the economic efficiency of the brewing process. A large number of parameters had been important to define malting quality. Samples were collected from barley breeding research center at Holeta which were verified and released malt barley varieties. Varieties used for the study were Holker, Bekoji-1, EH-1847, Bahati, Sabini, Grace, Travller, Beka, Ibon 174/03, Miscal -21, HB-1533 and HB-1307. The malt quality traits were evaluated according to the European brewery convention methods and the value were in the range grain size (88.5-97.5), germination energy (96-98.5), malt moisture content (3.6-6.7), protein content (10.1-13.5), soluble protein (3.9-7.7), kolbach index (35.5-48.8), thousand kernel weight (34-42.8), extract (73.8-80.9), color of wort (3.7-7), PH of wort (5.5-6.1) and friability (31.6-90.2). From all the varieties Holker, Travller, Sabini, Bekoji-1, Grace, Bahati and Beka were acceptable grain and malt quality traits according to the brewing specification.
Abstract: The bio chemical composition of barley is highly affected the beer quality and the economic efficiency of the brewing process. A large number of parameters had been important to define malting quality. Samples were collected from barley breeding research center at Holeta which were verified and released malt barley varieties. Varieties used for the...
Show More
-
A Systematic Study of the Biofield Energy Healing Treatment on Physicochemical, Thermal, Structural, and Behavioral Properties of Magnesium Gluconate
Mahendra Kumar Trivedi,
Alice Branton,
Dahryn Trivedi,
Gopal Nayak,
William Dean Plikerd,
Peter L. Surguy,
Robert John Kock,
Rolando Baptista Piedad,
Russell Phillip Callas,
Sakina A. Ansari,
Sandra Lee Barrett,
Sara Friedman,
Steven Lee Christie,
Su-Mei Chen Liu,
Susan Elizabeth Starling,
Susan Jones,
Susan Mardis Allen,
Susanne Kathrin Wasmus,
Terry Ann Benczik,
Thomas Charles Slade,
Thomas Orban,
Victoria L. Vannes,
Victoria Margot Schlosser,
Yusif Sarkis Yamin Albino,
Parthasarathi Panda,
Kalyan Kumar Sethi,
Snehasis Jana
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
135-145
Received:
28 March 2017
Accepted:
7 April 2017
Published:
1 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.19
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Magnesium gluconate is a pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compound used as a source of magnesium ion. The recent study described the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on magnesium gluconate for the variation in physicochemical, structural, thermal and behavioral properties using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscopy, TGA, and DSC analysis. Magnesium gluconate was divided into two parts – one part was control without any Biofield Energy Treatment, while another part was treated with The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment remotely by twenty renowned Biofield Energy Healers and defined as The Trivedi Effect® Treated sample. The PXRD analysis exhibited that the crystallite size of the treated sample was remarkably altered from -70% to 130% compared with the control sample. The average crystallite size was significantly decreased by 23.74% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. Biofield Energy Healing Treatment significantly reduced the particle size of magnesium gluconate at d10, d50, and d90 values by 12.15%, 8.98% and 15.35%, respectively compared to the control sample. The surface area analysis showed that surface area of the treated sample was significantly increased by 11.76% compared with the control sample. The FT-IR and UV-vis analysis displayed that structure of the magnesium gluconate persisted identical in both the treated and control samples. The TGA analysis exhibited four steps thermal degradation in both samples and the total weight loss of the Biofield Energy Treated sample was reduced by 0.19% compared with the control sample. The melting temperature of the Biofield Energy Treated sample (171.25ºC) was slightly (0.16%) higher from the control sample (170.97ºC). The latent heat of fusion was significantly decreased by 7.76% in the treated sample compared to the control sample. The TGA and DSC analysis revealed that the thermal stability of the treated sample was enhanced compared with the control sample. The current study revealed that The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment might produce a new polymorphic form of magnesium gluconate, which could be more soluble and bioavailable along with improved thermal stability compared with the untreated compound. The Biofield Treated sample could be more stable during manufacturing, delivery or storage conditions than the untreated sample. Hence, The Trivedi Effect® Treated magnesium gluconate would be very useful to design better nutraceutical/pharmaceutical formulations that might offer better therapeutic responses against inflammatory diseases, immunological disorders, stress, aging, and other chronic infections.
Abstract: Magnesium gluconate is a pharmaceutical/nutraceutical compound used as a source of magnesium ion. The recent study described the impact of The Trivedi Effect®-Energy of Consciousness Healing Treatment on magnesium gluconate for the variation in physicochemical, structural, thermal and behavioral properties using PXRD, PSD, FT-IR, UV-vis spectroscop...
Show More
-
A Mini Review: Biological Significances of Nitrogen Hetero Atom Containing Heterocyclic Compounds
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
146-152
Received:
16 February 2017
Accepted:
18 March 2017
Published:
16 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.20
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Heterocycles have vital interest in the pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Synthetic chemistry provides wealth of heterocyclic systems. More than 90% of drugs contain heterocycles ring and the interface between chemistry and biology. Scientific insight, discovery and applications are taking place by heterocyclic compounds. This review article covers theactive heterocycles that have shown considerable biological actions such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, cardiovascular, neurological, antiallergic, herbicidal, and anticancer and various other useful activities.
Abstract: Heterocycles have vital interest in the pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Synthetic chemistry provides wealth of heterocyclic systems. More than 90% of drugs contain heterocycles ring and the interface between chemistry and biology. Scientific insight, discovery and applications are taking place by heterocyclic compounds. This review article cover...
Show More
-
Calcined Mussel Shells Doped with Metal Halides as a Novel Catalyst for the Synthesis of Benzimidazoles, Benzoxazoles and Benzothiazoles
Meryem Hamlich,
Souad Harkati,
Yassine Riadi,
Rachid Slimani,
Lakhmiri Rajae,
Said Lazar,
Mohamed Safi
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 3, September 2017
Pages:
153-158
Received:
9 March 2017
Accepted:
20 March 2017
Published:
16 May 2017
DOI:
10.11648/j.ijbc.20170203.21
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Calcined Mussel Shells (CMS) doped with ZnCl2 are an efficient natural, accessible and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles using o-phenylenediamine, o-aminophenol and o-aminothiophenol with different aldehydes. Their actions were conducted under reflux conditions in the air. The procedure is very simple with good to excellent yields in a short reaction time, easy purification. The catalyst can be recycled effectively after used.
Abstract: Calcined Mussel Shells (CMS) doped with ZnCl2 are an efficient natural, accessible and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles using o-phenylenediamine, o-aminophenol and o-aminothiophenol with different aldehydes. Their actions were conducted under reflux conditions in the air. The procedure is very s...
Show More
