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Assessment of the Effect of Light, HgCl2 and Organic Compound on Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli Cells Survive in Aquatic Microcosm
Pierrette Ngo Bahebeck,
Claire Stephane Metsopkeng,
Joelle Signe MBiada,
Chrétien Lontsi Djimeli,
Antoine Tamsa Arfao,
Paul Alain Nana,
Olive Vivien Noah Ewoti,
Luciane Marlyse Moungang,
Genevieve Bricheux,
Télesphore Sime-Ngando,
Moïse Nola
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
55-63
Received:
22 May 2019
Accepted:
28 June 2019
Published:
24 July 2019
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the cultivability of E. faecalis and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) under different light intensities in the presence of different concentrations of mercury chloride (HgCl2) and biodegradable organic compound (BOC). Studied light intensities were 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 lux while studied HgCl2 concentrations were 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1μg/L. The BOC used was glucose at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1mg/L and at pH 7. The BOC used was glucose at concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1mg/L and at pH 7. The duration of incubation under light was 6 h. Results showed that E. faecalis and EPEC bacteria are inactivated by HgCl2 irrespective of studied concentration. The cells inhibition percentage (CIP) of E. faecalis varied from 94.46% to 99.53% at 0.001μg/L, from 94.77% to 99.55% at 0.01μg/L, from 94.92% to 99.57% at 0.1μg/L and from 96.97% to 99.77% at 1μg/L of HgCl2. For EPEC cells, the CIP fluctuated between 89.87% and 98.99%, between 90.67% and 99.14%, between 92.05% and 99.14% and 93.50% and 99.25% respectively in solutions containing 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1µg/L of HgCl2. The highest abundance was observed under 1500 lux for E. faecalis and 500 lux for EPEC. Exposure to light seemed to intensify the toxic action of HgCl2 in the medium. Cells metabolism reactivations under 2000 lux for E. faecalis and 1000 lux for EPEC were nevertheless observed. The level of this photo-reactivation varies from one organism species to another. The oligotrophic nature of the medium could not allow studied the microorganisms to set up specific protection mechanism against HgCl2 and light.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to determine the cultivability of E. faecalis and enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) under different light intensities in the presence of different concentrations of mercury chloride (HgCl2) and biodegradable organic compound (BOC). Studied light intensities were 0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 lux while studied HgCl2 concentrati...
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Isolated from Chicken and Guinea Fowl in Burkina Faso
Soutongnooma Caroline Bouda,
Assèta Kagambèga,
Laetitia Bonifait,
Françoise Le Gall,
Hadiza Bawa Ibrahim,
Evariste Bako,
Toudwensida Serge Bagre,
Cheickna Zongo,
Aïssata Wereme N’diaye,
Sababenejo Alfred Traore,
Marianne Chemaly,
Gilles Salvat,
Nicolas Barro
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
64-71
Received:
8 June 2019
Accepted:
12 July 2019
Published:
31 July 2019
Abstract: Consumption of contaminated poultry and poultry products by Salmonella is a public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from slaughtered poultry. A total of 563 intestine samples from slaughtered chickens (n= 283) and guinea fowl (n=280) were collected from 7 open markets in 2 urban and 2 rural areas of Burkina Faso. The samples were processed for the isolation and identification of associated Salmonella using microbiological standard methods. The suspected colonies were subjected to biochemical tests and serotyped by slide agglutination test according to Kauffman-White scheme. Antibiotic sensitivity patterns of Salmonella were also investigated using commonly used antibiotics. Of the 563 intestines samples, 139 (24.69%) isolates were recovered, with 59/283 (20.84%) isolates from chicken and 80/280 (28.57%) isolates from guinea fowl. The successful serotyping of 109/139 isolates revealed 9 serotypes namely Typhimurium, Kentucky, Ouakam, Brancaster, Hato, Kaapstad, Essen, Chester, and Derby. Five strains were untypable and 15 belong to different serogroups such as B, M, E, D, F, and O. The serotypes Brancaster, Chester, Derby, Hato, and Typhimurium were found in chicken and guinea fowl. S. Kaapstad was detected only on guinea fowl and S. Essen, Kentucky and Ouakam on chicken. Serotype Derby (38.84%), Chester (11.51%) and Hato (10.07%), Typhimurium (8.63%) were the most prevalent. Out of the 139 isolates, 100% show resistance to at least one antibiotic (Erythromycin), while, 50 (35.97%) were multi-resistant. High sensitivity of isolates was recorded for Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Cephalexin, Sulfamethoxazole–trimethoprim and Colistin Sulfate. The data confirm that poultry is a potential reservoir of Salmonella. This recommends good hygienic practices when producing poultry carcasses.
Abstract: Consumption of contaminated poultry and poultry products by Salmonella is a public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, serotypes and antibiotic susceptibility of Salmonella isolated from slaughtered poultry. A total of 563 intestine samples from slaughtered chickens (n= 283) and guinea fowl (n=280) were ...
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In Vitro Antimicrobial Characterization of Lactobacillus Isolates Towards Their Use as Probiotic Alternatives to Antibiotic Growth Promoters
Raoul Emeric Guetiya Wadoum,
Fonteh Anyangwe Florence,
Kaktcham Pierre Marie,
Ulrich Landry Bemmo Kamdem,
Chancel Hector Momo Kenfack,
Foko Kouam Edith-Marius,
Nathalie Nzekwa,
Evina Horpa,
Vittorio Colizzi,
François Zambou Ngoufack
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
72-86
Received:
16 June 2019
Accepted:
16 July 2019
Published:
5 August 2019
Abstract: In the present study, the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus isolates selected from fecal samples of farmyard chickens and ducks was scientifically validated for their use as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry. A total of 129 Lactobacillus isolates were characterized of which four produced inhibitory substances with antimicrobial activities. They were further identified on the basis of their carbohydrate fermentation profile and High-Resolution Melting analysis as Lactobacillus paracasei MW-37CGZ, Lactobacillus paracasei MW-38CGZ, Lactobacillus plantarum MW-48CGZ and Lactobacillus plantarum MW-18CGZ. The obtained results revealed that L. plantarum MW-18CGZ and L. paracasei MW-37CGZ showed strong antagonistic activities against human (nine) and zoonotic pathogens (eleven). The antimicrobial substance produced by L. plantarum MW-18CGZ was found to be proteinaceous, thus indicating that this substance may belong to a group of potent antimicrobial peptides produced by some microorganisms including lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Both viable and non-viable cells of the four isolates demonstrated good hydrophobicity in xylene with L. plantarum MW-48CGZ exhibiting higher hydrophobicity than other isolates (77.64±5.18%). They were susceptible to chloramphenicol, clindamycin, ampicilin and erythromycin with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) below cut-off values established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Among the four Lactobacillus, L. plantarum MW-18CGZ and L. paracasei MW-37CGZ displayed high autoaggregation and coaggregation towards pathogens and all isolates survived in low-pH, high bile salt concentrations and none exhibited virulent factors. According to the obtained results, L. plantarum MW-18CGZ and L. paracasei MW-37CGZ could be considered as future biotherapeutic substitutes for antibiotics to reduce antibiotic residues in food derived from poultry as well as the generation and spread of antibiotic resistance.
Abstract: In the present study, the probiotic potential of Lactobacillus isolates selected from fecal samples of farmyard chickens and ducks was scientifically validated for their use as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry. A total of 129 Lactobacillus isolates were characterized of which four produced inhibitory substances with antimicrobial activities. ...
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Isolation of Pseudomonas with the Ability to Solublize Phosphate from Inorganic and Organic Phosphate Sources
Lamenew Fenta,
Fassil Assefa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
87-93
Received:
2 July 2019
Accepted:
26 July 2019
Published:
5 September 2019
Abstract: A total of eleven phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Isolates designated as PSB1, PSB2, PSB4, PSB5 and PSB7 were selected out of eleven isolates based on their clear zone diameters. They were characterized to generic level and found to belong to Pseudomonas spp. Tricalcium phosphate (TCP), rock phosphate (RP) and bone phosphate (BP) solubilizing efficiency of these isolates was studied in the laboratory at 5, 10, and 15 days of incubation. All bacterial isolates solubilized significantly (P< 0.05) higher amounts of TCP over uninoculated control. The highest P was release upon 5 days of incubation was recorded from the isolate PSB1 with 7.64 mg/50ml in the medium and the least P release was recorded by isolates PSB4 and PSB5 with a P content of 4.79 mg /50ml. At 10th day of incubation, the highest P release was recorded by isolates PSB2 (8.19 mg/50ml), PSB1 (8.10mg/ 50ml). At 15th days of incubation, the highest P release was recorded by isolate PSB7 (11.77 mg/ 50ml) and PSB2 (11.33 mg/ 50ml) and the least P released was recorded by isolate PSB5 (5.44 mg/ 50ml)). Under RP solubilization, the p released from all isolates upon 5 days of incubation was not significant as compared to the control. At 10th day of incubation, the highest P release was recorded by isolates PSB5 (5.56 mg/50ml), PSB7 (5.02 mg/ 50ml) and the least P release was observed by isolate PSB4 (3.46mg/g). At 15th days of incubation, the highest P release was recorded by isolate PSB7 (7.928 mg/ 50ml) and the least P release was recorded by isolate PSB4 (4.025mg/ 50ml). Regarding BP, the p released from all isolates except isolate PSB7 (3.020mg /50ml) upon 5 days of incubation was not significant as compared to the control. At 10th day of incubation, the highest P release was recorded by isolates PSB5 (7.37 mg/50ml), PSB7 (7.025 mg/ 50ml) and the least P released was observed by isolate PSB2 (5.47 mg/50ml). At 20th days of incubation, the highest P release was recorded by isolate PSB7 (11.09 mg/ 50ml) and the least P release was recorded by isolate PSB4 (9.06 mg/ 50ml). So, as conclusion all Psedomonas isolates were able to release P from both inorganic and organic phosphate sources.
Abstract: A total of eleven phosphate solubilizing bacteria were isolated from rhizosphere soil of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) plants. Isolates designated as PSB1, PSB2, PSB4, PSB5 and PSB7 were selected out of eleven isolates based on their clear zone diameters. They were characterized to generic level and found to belong to Pseudomonas spp. Tricalcium ph...
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Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrhoeic and Non-diarrhoeic Under Five Children in Kano, Nigeria
Nasir Tukur Dabo,
Bashir Muhammad,
Habeeb Kayode Saka,
Zaharaddin Muhammad Kalgo,
Rasaki Adewole Raheem
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
94-102
Received:
21 May 2019
Accepted:
25 June 2019
Published:
10 September 2019
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is a global health challenge linked to high morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out among under-five children attending three major hospitals in Kano State namely: Murtala Muhammad Specialists Hospital (MMSH), Wudil General Hospital (WGH) and Bichi General Hospital (BGH), representing the three senatorial districts. Rectal swab specimens from 400 diarrhoeic and 50 non-diarrhoeic children were collected with a sterile transport swab containing Carry-Blair Medium. These were inoculated onto MacConckey and Salmonella-Shigella Agar and incubated at 37°C for 18-24 hours for isolation of bacteria. Bacterial isolates were subjected to battery of biochemical tests (IMViC and KIA) for the identification of Escherichia coli. Antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) was carried out on E. coli isolated using modified Kirby-Bauer method. The findings revealed 74% and 66% E. coli recovery from case and control subjects respectively. The AST revealed trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 75.1% was the most resisted antibiotic, significantly different between the case subjects (P-value=0.031), 83% were resistant to at least one class of antibiotic, 44.4% resistant to two classes of antibiotics and significantly higher in the control group (P-value=0.006) and 8.0% MDR rate. Female subjects shows higher resistance to the tested antibiotics but the differences were only significant in amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (49.6% versus 32.9%; P-value=0.003) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (91.7% versus 57.1%; P-value=0.037) in the case and control group respectively. It can be concluded that E. coli is the predominant agent associated with diarrhoea in Kano children and high resistance of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is noteworthy. Hence the need to revise the current diarrhoea treatment regimen for Kano children.
Abstract: Antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens is a global health challenge linked to high morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out among under-five children attending three major hospitals in Kano State namely: Murtala Muhammad Specialists Hospital (MMSH), Wudil General Hospital (WGH) and Bichi General Hospital (BGH), representing the thr...
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Diversity and Distribution of Salmonella Isolated from Poultry Offal in Niger (West Africa)
Alio Sanda Abdelkader,
Samna Soumana Oumarou,
Inoussa Maman Maârouhi,
Soumana Abdou Boubacar,
Moussa Hassane Ousseini,
Bakasso Yacoubou
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2019
Pages:
103-112
Received:
11 July 2019
Accepted:
30 August 2019
Published:
18 September 2019
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and phenotype diversity of Salmonella isolated from poultry offal in Niger. Methodology and Results: A total of 155 poultries offal consisting of gizzard, liver and spleen were analyzed according to ISO 6579: 2002. Based on these different analyzes, high prevalence of Salmonella from 20% to 69% was found. Serotyping showed the predominance of Derby 42.37% followed by S. Hato 15.25%, S. Chester 10.17%, S. Agona 5.08%, S. Suberu and S. Essen 3.39% each, S. Hessarek and S. Kissangani 1.69% each. Isolated Salmonella strains showed low resistance to antibiotics. Conclusion and perspective: Poultry offal for human consumption has high concentration of Salmonella. This is due to poor hygienic practices of poultry sellers. From these facts, awareness and training measures are necessary. Niger authorities must also build modern slaughterhouses and poultry markets in order to reduce the risk infectious proliferation of diseases such as gastroenteritis and food poisoning.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and phenotype diversity of Salmonella isolated from poultry offal in Niger. Methodology and Results: A total of 155 poultries offal consisting of gizzard, liver and spleen were analyzed according to ISO 6579: 2002. Based on these different analyzes, high prevalence of Salmonella from 2...
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