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Importance of Antenatal Care Services to Pregnant Women at the Buea Regional Hospital Cameroon
Samuel Nambile Cumber,
Dioni Christabel Diale,
Elive Mbua Stanly,
Nina Monju
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
23-29
Received:
21 September 2016
Accepted:
5 October 2016
Published:
2 November 2016
Abstract: It is known from studies that the morbidity and mortality of pregnant women who attend antenatal care is reduced compared to women who do not attend antenatal care. That is why this study aimed at assessing the antenatal care services of pregnant women with the objective to determine the knowledge, know the importance of ANC and finally now the factors that hinder women from attending ANC. In this study, a descriptive cross-sectional designed was used, and a sample random sampling method was used to select a total of 50 participants. A well structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data was analyzed using micro-soft excel version 2007 and the results were represented on tables. Findings showed that majority 92% of these pregnant women have knowledge on the importance of ANC, In addition, Majority 38% of these pregnant complained of poverty as their major hindrance, It was concluded that women had knowledge on antenatal care and we concluded that the hospital administration should reduce the fee of antenatal care so that the pregnant women will be encouraged to attend.
Abstract: It is known from studies that the morbidity and mortality of pregnant women who attend antenatal care is reduced compared to women who do not attend antenatal care. That is why this study aimed at assessing the antenatal care services of pregnant women with the objective to determine the knowledge, know the importance of ANC and finally now the fac...
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Approaches Used by Nurses in the Care of Patients with Nasogastric Intubation (NG Tubes) at the Laquintinie Hospital Douala Cameroon
Samuel Nambile Cumber,
Ngo Minette Akama,
Lydia A gbor-Mbeng Nkongho
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
30-35
Received:
23 September 2016
Accepted:
1 October 2016
Published:
2 November 2016
Abstract: The general objective of this work was to assess approaches used by the nurses at the Laquintinie Hospital Douala in the care of patients with NG Tubes and so identify the challenges nurses faced when caring for patients with NG tubes. It was a descriptive cross sectional study design carried out from April to June, the sample technique and study population involved 20 nurses working at the medical, paediatric intensive care unit and the surgical unit, the data was collected using an observation and interview guide. The result collected shows that only (53%) of the nurse were able to manage patient effectively. From the findings of this work it is concluded that only few of the nurses could actually carry out care on patient with NG tubes effectively and all (75%) of the nurses who had carried out nasogastric intubation on patients had challenges like patient refusal to coorperate as they were educated on the importance of the procedure. Based on the findings the following recommendations were made like, the nurses at the L.H.D should attend seminars on the different strategies used in the care of patients with NG tubes. The nurses should also go in for more research on internet, textbooks and journals.
Abstract: The general objective of this work was to assess approaches used by the nurses at the Laquintinie Hospital Douala in the care of patients with NG Tubes and so identify the challenges nurses faced when caring for patients with NG tubes. It was a descriptive cross sectional study design carried out from April to June, the sample technique and study p...
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Mothers’ Knowledge on the Effects of Malnutrition in Children 0-5 Years in Muea Health Area Cameroon
Samuel Nambile Cumber,
Nkengateh Babara Ankraleh,
Nina Monju
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
36-42
Received:
1 October 2016
Accepted:
9 October 2016
Published:
2 November 2016
Abstract: Malnutrition is a condition that develops when the body does not get the required foods nutrients in their rights proportions. Malnutrition is also as a result of underfeeding or overfeeding. Increase nutritional needs such as vitamins, minerals, protein supplements in children can help reduce further complication. This study was carried out in Muea –Sub Divisional Medical Centre, South West Region of Cameroon. This study involves a sample population of 30 mothers who were recruited through a convenient sampling technique and data was collected through the administration of questionnaire to respondents (mothers) which was designed with respect to the objectives of the study which were in four sections based on their on the causes and effects of malnutrition in children 0-5 years. Most of the mothers were of aged 21 30 years, the result obtained shows that 73%of mothers had knowledge on malnutrition, 50% had knowledge on the effect of malnutrition in children while 50% of mothers had insufficient knowledge on the effect of malnutrition in children. Their knowledge increases with the number of children and level of education. It was concluded that most mothers with one, two or more children had knowledge on the causes and effects of malnutrition in children. Through health talk emphasize should be laid on the causes and effects of malnutrition in children during ANC and IWC especially to women with low level of education.
Abstract: Malnutrition is a condition that develops when the body does not get the required foods nutrients in their rights proportions. Malnutrition is also as a result of underfeeding or overfeeding. Increase nutritional needs such as vitamins, minerals, protein supplements in children can help reduce further complication. This study was carried out in Mue...
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Evaluation of the Results Obtained from Microbiological Analysis of Blood Cultures over 5 Years
Mine Turhanoglu,
Esra Koyuncu,
Fulya Bayındır Bilman,
Arzu Onur,
Fikret Tekay
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
43-50
Received:
24 August 2016
Accepted:
10 September 2016
Published:
3 November 2016
Abstract: The infections caused by bacteria that reproduce in blood cultures are important medical problems that cause morbidity and mortality. The infections caused by resistant microorganisms are gradually increasing because of the patient’s long stay in hospital, invasive procedures, and application of multi and parenteral antibiotic treatment. The microorganisms that reproduced in the blood cultures of patients in different cultures between 2010-2015 in Diyarbakır Selahaddin Eyyübi State Hospital and the resistance of these microorganisms to antibiotics were assessed retrospectively. In the study, a total of 196 patients’ blood culture results were examined retrospectively. A total of 66.8% of the growth microorganisms (127) were composed of Gram positive cocci, 26.5% of them (52) were composed of Gram-negative bacilli and 6.7% of them (11) were composed of Candida spp. Among the reproduced microorganisms, coagulase negative staphylococci (CNS) were found to be 52.5% (103), Staphylococcus aureus to be 4.9% (9), Acinetobacter spp to be 7.3% (14), Escherichia coli to be 4.7% (9), Klebsiella spp to be 8.4% (16), Candida spp. to be 6.7% (11), Pseudomonas spp. to be 4.7% (9), Enterococcus faecalis to be 2% (4), Micrococcus luteus to be 2% (4), Kocuria kristinae to be 2.5% (5), Rhizobium radiobacter to be 0.5% (1), Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. cremoris to be 1% (1), Sphingomonas paucimobilis 0.5% (1), Pantoea spp. to be 0.5% (1), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia to be 0.5% (1). The highest rate of resistance was found to be against meropenem, imipenem and ceftazidime in Acinetobacter spp with 80%, against ceftazidime in Klebsiella spp with 73.4%, against imipenem with 75%, against meropenem and ciprofloxacin with 62.5% in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and against ceftriaxon, cefuroxime and cefuroxime axetil in Escherichia coli with 60%. Penicillin with 100% and tetracycline with 33.3% in S. aureus; penicillin with 97.6% and erythromycin with 82.1% were the antibiotics to which the highest resistance developed. While no resistance was determined against fusidic acid, trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, linezolid, vancomycin, teicoplanin, and tigecycline in S. aureus, the resistance was not determined only against tigecycline and vancomycin in CNS. Fifty seven % of S. aureus strains and 83.8% of CNS strains were found to be resistant to methicillin. In our study, it is aimed to determine the mostly reproduced bacteria in blood samples as the result of blood circulation infections of patients staying in different clinics and to research their resistance profiles that developed against antibiotics retrospectively.
Abstract: The infections caused by bacteria that reproduce in blood cultures are important medical problems that cause morbidity and mortality. The infections caused by resistant microorganisms are gradually increasing because of the patient’s long stay in hospital, invasive procedures, and application of multi and parenteral antibiotic treatment. The microo...
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Assessing Malnourished Children between 0 - 5 Years of Age at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon
Samuel Nambile Cumber,
Shalom Jaila,
Nancy Bongkiynuy,
Mercy Kein,
Rosaline Yumumkah Kanjo-Cumber
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
51-56
Received:
24 August 2016
Accepted:
12 October 2016
Published:
3 November 2016
Abstract: Assessing the lifestyle of malnourished children between 0-5 years of age at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Our aim was to identify the lifestyles that predispose children to be malnourished and the most prevalent type of malnutrition. A descriptive cross sectional hospital-based study was carried out at the Bamenda Regional Hospital and included 20 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection which consisted of open and closed ended questions. Data was coded manually, entered into excel and exported into SPSS version 18 for analysis. The study revealed that the respondents turn to eat what they have (90.9%) and what they feel as eating (87.7%). (27.3%) of the respondents who have knowledge on malnutrition practice nonexclusive breast feeding. We also discovered that (55%) of the respondents weight for height 3.1-5 years of age have a height 65-85cm indicating a drastic drop in height for weight. The study revealed that 25% wean their children at 6 months. 66.7% had no time to breastfeed their children. Our studies therefore reveal that the most prevalent type of malnutrition results due to predisposing lifestyle factors like low income, poor complementary feds and low levels of education.
Abstract: Assessing the lifestyle of malnourished children between 0-5 years of age at the Bamenda Regional Hospital. Our aim was to identify the lifestyles that predispose children to be malnourished and the most prevalent type of malnutrition. A descriptive cross sectional hospital-based study was carried out at the Bamenda Regional Hospital and included 2...
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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Risk Factors Among Schoolchildren of Homesha District (Woreda) in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Western Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
57-64
Received:
2 June 2016
Accepted:
20 June 2016
Published:
3 November 2016
Abstract: Intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) is one of the major and serious medical and public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. Effective prevention and control of IPIs require the identification of local risk factors, particularly among school children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IPIs and associated risk factors among Homesha district school children, Northwest Ethiopia. School based cross sectional study was conducted to from March-June 2015 to achieve this objective. Study subjects were selected by using multi stage sampling technique. A total of 395 school children were enrolled in this study. Socio-demographic data and possible risk factors for the occurrence of IPIs were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Approximately 2 gram of stool specimen was collected and examined for the presence of intestinal parasite using wet mount and formol ether concentration technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi-square (χ2) test and crude odd ratio were calculated to verify and measure the possible association between IPIs and potential risk factors. The overall prevalence of IPs in the present study was 160/395 (35.44%), for at least one intestinal parasite. Of the nine species of intestinal parasites identified, the most prevalent were E. histolytica/dispar 56 (14.17%) followed by G. lamblia 50 (12.65%) and Hook worm 27 (10.12%). Double and triple infections were identified; among these the double and triple infection were 28 (20%) and 6 (4.29%) respectively. In this study the most significantly associated risk factors for the occurrence of IPIs were hand washing habit, eating unwashed/undercooked vegetation, waste disposal habit, shoe wearing habit and practice of figure nail trimming (P<0.05). Intestinal parasites were prevalent in varying magnitude among the schoolchildren and they are public health problem. Therefore, the woreda health office in collaboration with schools community and other stake holders should work to take measures including education on personal hygiene, environmental sanitation, and treatment should be taken into account to reduce the prevalence of IPIs.
Abstract: Intestinal parasitic infection (IPIs) is one of the major and serious medical and public health problems in developing countries including Ethiopia. Effective prevention and control of IPIs require the identification of local risk factors, particularly among school children. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of IPIs and associated ...
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Assessing Challenges Faced by Nurses in Delivering Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission of HIV/AIDS Services in Buea Health District, Cameroon
Samuel Nambile Cumber,
Munongo Gyengsi Yvonne,
Rosaline Yumumkah Kanjo Cumber,
Tabi-Arrey Victory-Noel Maojong
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
65-73
Received:
14 September 2016
Accepted:
12 October 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
Abstract: HIV/AIDS is a major global public health concernWorldwide over 40 million people are estimated to be infected with 28 million people from Sub-Saharan Africa at the end of 2001. This is the region with the highest prevalence. This study was carried out in the Buea Health District of the South west region Cameroon. Was a descriptive cross sectional study design. A convenient sampling method was used for this study where in the nurses on duty who agreed to fill the questionnaires. A sample size of 60 was targeted, 20 was disqualified. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 16 and is presented on table and charts. Nurses are unable to identify neither all the roles of the nurse in PMTCT nor all the package of activities of the PMTCT program (identify women with HIV for example). However, they were very knowledgeable on MTCT and the effects of HIV on children. They identified some challenges they faced in two main areas; remuneration and poor collaboration between nurses and clients. From their responses a number of challenges were deduced as well. It was then concluded that nurses in the Buea health district do face challenges in delivering PMTCT services. Therefore the null hypothesis was then discarded and the alternate hypothesis adopted that nurses do face challenges in delivering PMTCT services. These challenges need to be addressed so that vision of zero incidence of HIV in new born could be achieved for an AIDS free world.
Abstract: HIV/AIDS is a major global public health concernWorldwide over 40 million people are estimated to be infected with 28 million people from Sub-Saharan Africa at the end of 2001. This is the region with the highest prevalence. This study was carried out in the Buea Health District of the South west region Cameroon. Was a descriptive cross sectional s...
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The Identification of Motivational Factors That Influences Nurses Output in Hospitals in the Fako Division, Cameroon
Samuel Nambile Cumber,
Stanly Mbua Elive
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
74-80
Received:
17 September 2016
Accepted:
15 October 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
Abstract: The importance of motivation in the day-to-day performance of nurses’ cannot be over emphasized; it is a well-known fact that human output of any sort is improved by increase in motivation. To identify motivational factors that influences nurses output in health institutions in Fako Division. We used a descriptive survey in health institutions in Fako Division from Oct 2014 - May, 2015. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Epi Info version 3.1, and SPSS version 21.0. The level of statistical significance was set at a P value < 0.05 at a 95% Confidence Level. We included 185 participants of which 151(81.6%) were female participants. The most involved were nurse assistant (32.4%) and most nurses had 5 years experience and more 72(38.9%). It was seen that recognition of work done is ranked the first of the motivated intrinsic factors with (91.4%) while for extrinsic motivation, majority of the nurses agreed that increase in salary and bonus is the most motivating factor with (84.9%). Finally, it was shown that nurses’ valued intrinsic motivation (82.8%) more than extrinsic motivation (59.4%). Nurses choose the profession out of passion. The two factors of motivation have an influence on nurses’ output; intrinsic motivation is seen as the dominant and most requested motivated factor by nurses with more emphasis on recognition and promotion. Followed by extrinsic motivation with the most emphasis placed on salaries and bonuses, there is a statistical difference as nurses in the private hospitals desired extrinsic motivation more. We recommended that nurses should enter this profession for passion and the health administration should promote intrinsic motivation more as compared to extrinsic motivation.
Abstract: The importance of motivation in the day-to-day performance of nurses’ cannot be over emphasized; it is a well-known fact that human output of any sort is improved by increase in motivation. To identify motivational factors that influences nurses output in health institutions in Fako Division. We used a descriptive survey in health institutions in F...
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The Effects of Toxoplasmosis and Malaria Coinfection on Malaria Parasite Density and Hematological Parameters in Children (0-6 Years) in the Nkolbisson Health District, Cameroon
Samuel Nambile Cumber,
Kameni Nguekam Yvonne-Estelle,
Shalom Jaila
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
81-88
Received:
18 September 2016
Accepted:
15 October 2016
Published:
23 November 2016
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium species are both endemic apicomplexan parasites that have been incriminated in the cause of febrile illnesses in children in the sub-Saharan regions of Africa. Moreover these parasites have some common routes of transmission, common receptors for pathogenicity and both effect or of some hematological parameters. Despites this, little is known about the prevalence of toxoplasmosis and malaria co-infection in Cameroon and their effects on hematological parameters and malaria parasite density. Venous blood was collected from 315 febrile children in the Nkolbisson Health District found in Yaoundé Cameroon. For each participant: RDT for Toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasma gondii IgG avidity test, thick film microscopy and full blood count was performed. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis was 40%, malaria 42.8% and toxoplasmosis and malaria co-infection 20%. The age group 0-5 years was identified as risk group for both infections and Nkol-Atem had the highest prevalence of both infections. Toxoplasmosis and malaria of co-infection led to a slight increase in RBCs, WBCs, and platelets counts in our study population. This could therefore be suggestive of a mechanism between the two parasites that may improve the physiology of blood cells production. However the presence of a co-infection did not show any influence on the malaria parasite density. This study provides valuable information on the prevalence of malaria and toxoplasmosis co-infection in Cameroonian children where data is almost unavailable. This study thus indicates a need to enforce control and preventive measures against these infections in Cameroonian children.
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii and Plasmodium species are both endemic apicomplexan parasites that have been incriminated in the cause of febrile illnesses in children in the sub-Saharan regions of Africa. Moreover these parasites have some common routes of transmission, common receptors for pathogenicity and both effect or of some hematological parameters. Des...
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Awareness About Mother-To-Child Transmission of HIV Infection Among Women in Nigeria
Samson Ayo Deji,
Olusola Odu,
Olayinka Olasode
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
89-94
Received:
14 October 2016
Accepted:
29 October 2016
Published:
30 November 2016
Abstract: The concerns of children testing positive to HIV virus shortly after birth is alarming in developing countries. The study assessed the level of awareness of women about Mother To Child Transmission. (MTCT) in Nigeria. The study used secondary data from the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. The National Demographic Health Survey is one of the most comprehensive Nigerian datasets that contains extensive information on the reproductive health of women between ages 15 -49 years and therefore provides a unique opportunity to study the knowledge of women in the reproductive age group in the country. The 2008 Nigerian NDHS survey sample was made up of 33,385 women of reproductive age group from the six geopolitical zones. The data set was obtained from already analyzed results of the NDHS 2008. The results were summarized into tables and charts using Microsoft excel. Most women interviewed for the study were from the north west zone (24%) out of the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Twelve percent of the respondents were from the south east zone. Respondents from the south east zone reported highest awareness about the fact that HIV could be transmitted through breastfeeding to the child, (70.1%), while respondents from north west demonstrated least awareness that HIV could be transmitted through breastfeeding to the child. About 51.5% of pregnant women among the respondents reported adequate knowledge that HIV could be transmitted by breastfeeding while 28.6% were aware that the risk of MTCT could be reduced through the use of anti-retroviral drugs and 26.1% were aware that HIV could be transmitted by breastfeeding and the risk of MTCT could be reduced by taking anti-retroviral drugs. Most women do not have adequate awareness of mother to child transmission of HIV in the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria.
Abstract: The concerns of children testing positive to HIV virus shortly after birth is alarming in developing countries. The study assessed the level of awareness of women about Mother To Child Transmission. (MTCT) in Nigeria. The study used secondary data from the National Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) conducted in the six geopolitical zones of Nige...
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Peripartum Cardiomyopathy with Heart Failure Persisting Beyond Ten Months Post-Partum: A Rare Case Report in Awka, Nigeria
Innocent Chukwuemeka Okoye,
Ernest Ndukaife Anyabolu
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
95-97
Received:
18 October 2016
Accepted:
2 November 2016
Published:
30 November 2016
Abstract: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare dilated cardiomyopathy that occurs in late pregnancy or in post-partum period. The features of PPCM usually resolve within six months post-partum following treatment. Factors associated with PPCM are not completely known. We document a rare case of PPCM with features that persisted beyond 10 months post-partum despite medical treatment, in a 38 year-old woman in Awka, Nigeria. The patient, 38 years old, presented in Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, Nigeria, with features of heart failure in the 8 th month of pregnancy, without antecedent history of cardiac disease. Her parity was 5 including a set of twins in this index pregnancy. X-ray showed features of heart failure. Echocardiography revealed features of dilated cardiomyopathy. Diagnosis of PPCM was made. She was placed on anti-heart failure regimen. She has remarkable improvement but not complete recovery of heart failure features on three months of follow-up, and 10 months post-partum. This case report of PPCM occurring as the first case in five years in our center shows that PPCM is rare in southeast Nigeria. It further shows that heart failure in PPCM may not resolve completely 10 months post-partum, despite adequate treatment. There is a need for further search for etiology and associations.
Abstract: Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare dilated cardiomyopathy that occurs in late pregnancy or in post-partum period. The features of PPCM usually resolve within six months post-partum following treatment. Factors associated with PPCM are not completely known. We document a rare case of PPCM with features that persisted beyond 10 months post-pa...
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The Influence of Socio-Economic Status on the Prevalence of School-Age Childhood Behavioral Disorders in a Local District Clinic of North West England
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
98-107
Received:
18 September 2016
Accepted:
4 November 2016
Published:
9 December 2016
Abstract: There are several types of childhood behavioral disorders. The most common disruptive behavior disorders include ODD, CD and ADHD. Socio-economic factors are known to influence the prevalence of chronic childhood disabling conditions including emotional and behavioral disorders. Assessment of school-age children for difficult or challenging behavior constitutes a major case load of neurodevelopmental pediatricians (mainly designated as community pediatricians) and child/adolescent psychiatrists in the UK. We aimed to evaluate the influence of the socio-economic status among school-age children on the distribution and types of behavioral disorders, including ADHD, in a local district Community Pediatric unit of a large healthcare NHS Foundation Trust in the North West of England. The record of all the patients who were seen in any outpatient clinic over a 22-month period between Jan 2014 and Oct 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. Information was collected on the range of clinical presentation and socioeconomic characteristics. The socio-economic status of each child was determined using the latest published Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) 2015. A total of 201 school-age children were referred (9 monthly), corresponding to an average of 31% of total monthly caseload. The proportion of patients living in the most deprived deciles and quintiles was 39% and 70% respectively. The prevalence in the most deprived decile (11.6/1000) was 193 times that of the most affluent area. History of family and social adversities was common among the patients including separated parents (24%), fostered / adopted (11%) and previous exposure to abuse, domestic violence or neglect (9%). Socioeconomic deprivation is significantly associated with the prevalence of behavior problems in children living in the North-West of England. Poverty-related chronic stressors are hypothesized to cumulatively compromise parental psychology and ultimately childhood behavioral and mental health outcomes. Tackling the problem requires integrated multidisciplinary and multi-agency approach.
Abstract: There are several types of childhood behavioral disorders. The most common disruptive behavior disorders include ODD, CD and ADHD. Socio-economic factors are known to influence the prevalence of chronic childhood disabling conditions including emotional and behavioral disorders. Assessment of school-age children for difficult or challenging behavio...
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Factors Contributing to Patient Default of Tuberculosis Treatment in Health Facilities Within Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties-Kenya
Ronald Omenge Obwoge,
Emily Sigilai,
Richard K. A. Sang
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
108-113
Received:
9 September 2016
Accepted:
12 November 2016
Published:
12 December 2016
Abstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which is transmitted through the air or by ingesting infected milk or meat (bovine Tb). It is major public health problem worldwide. The study sought to determine factors contributing to patient defaulting to tuberculosis treatment in Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties, Nakuru County. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional study design. The target populations were patients who had defaulted TB treatment in various health facilities of Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties, Nakuru County. They were estimated to be 70 clients according to District Health Information System, 2015. The study utilized convenient sampling method to access the respondents among the traced TB defaulters. Interview schedule was used as data collection tool. Data collected was analyzed by use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 and presented by use of tables. The study result found that majority of the respondents was male 38 (90.5%) while the minority was female 4 (4%). Counseling services to were; 7 (16.7%) only counseled during the first visit for treatment, 17 (40.5%) on each visit, 13 (31%) once a while 5 (11.9%) were never counseled 26 (61.9%) of the respondents were casual laborers, 3 (7.1%) were self-employed, 3 (7.1%) were employed and 7 (16.7%) were dependants and that 2 (9.5%) of the respondents believed that TB can be cured using traditional medicine while 40 (90.5%) did not belief that. The study recommends that health education should be intensified within the communities, focusing on all the TB patients to be intensified, particularly at the beginning of treatment, with reinforcement at each visit using the local language. This intensification should be comprehensive to include duration of treatment, possible side effects and how to deal with them, consequences of not completing TB treatment and the dangers of using traditional medicines during TB treatment.
Abstract: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) which is transmitted through the air or by ingesting infected milk or meat (bovine Tb). It is major public health problem worldwide. The study sought to determine factors contributing to patient defaulting to tuberculosis treatment in Nakuru East and West Sub-Counties,...
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Family Dysfunction and Self-Medication for Acute Febrile Illness
Alexander Adelabu Azonobo,
Musa Dankyau
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
114-118
Received:
2 September 2016
Accepted:
29 October 2016
Published:
12 December 2016
Abstract: Background: Fever is a common complain from patients globally. Self medication for acute febrile illness is also a common practice but often with severe consequences. The family influences the health of the individuals and hence the community in several ways. Family function has major influence on decisons made at home including health seeking behaviour. Objectives: This study set out to determine the relationship between family function and self medication for acute febrile illness in a primary care setting in Jos, in order to proffer solutions to irresponsible and dangerous practices. Methods: It was a cross-sectional study at the GOPD of Bingham University Teaching Hospital (BHUTH), Jos from October 2012 to February 2013. The study population comprised all patients who presented at the study site with fever or history of fever of not more than two weeks duration and who met the inclusion criteria. Data was collected with interviewer-administered structured questionaire and analysed with the Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS), version 21. Results: The study revealed a high level of self medication (85.0%) in the study population. Most (92.5%) of the participants were from highly functional families. There was a statistically significant relationship between family dysfunction and self medication for acute febrile illness. Conclusion: There is a high level of self medication among the study population. Although highly functional families were in the majority, family dysfunction was significantly related to self medication.
Abstract: Background: Fever is a common complain from patients globally. Self medication for acute febrile illness is also a common practice but often with severe consequences. The family influences the health of the individuals and hence the community in several ways. Family function has major influence on decisons made at home including health seeking beha...
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Demography Dynamics: Factors Affecting Number of Offspring and Male to Female Ratio in Greece
George I. Lambrou,
Maria Braoudaki,
Eleni Papanikolaou,
Anna Tagka
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
119-131
Received:
23 August 2016
Accepted:
30 November 2016
Published:
30 December 2016
Abstract: Background: Population models assume that parents make investment decisions that maximize reproductive success in the face of limited resources. Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the dynamics of offspring and the patterns of male to female ratio in the urban area of Athens. In addition, the role of socioeconomic factors to their dynamics was examined. The study was conducted in the urban area of Athens. The target group consisted of children in the area’s kindergartens. A total of 435 single parents or parent couples were investigated with respect to their socioeconomic background and the number of children. Result: The main factors affecting the number of children included the income which was influenced by both education and nationality. At the same time, nationality appeared to play a significant role in the male to female ratio with mixed couples manifesting the largest ratio. Conclusions: To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work in the literature examining the dynamics of offspring by calculating the effects of socioeconomic factors such as education, income and nationality. At the same time, such works are extremely important both towards the understanding of population dynamics but also towards policy making, which includes both demographical and fiscal policies.
Abstract: Background: Population models assume that parents make investment decisions that maximize reproductive success in the face of limited resources. Aim: The aim of the current study was to investigate the dynamics of offspring and the patterns of male to female ratio in the urban area of Athens. In addition, the role of socioeconomic factors to their ...
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Patient Safety Assessment at Primary Health Care Centers in Cairo, Egypt
Alaa Abdelwahed Shams-Eldin
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
132-137
Received:
5 October 2016
Accepted:
8 December 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
Abstract: Background: Patient safety at primary health care centers (PHCC) is rarely assessed, particularly in developing countries. Objectives: This study aimed to assess some items of patient safety program at primary health care centers, Cairo, Egypt. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on primary health care centers (PHCC) in Cairo, from January through March 2016 to assess the quality of some patient safety items. Two PHCC were selected randomly from the health affairs directorate of Nasr city, Eastern Cairo (El-Hagana family medicine center and 6th district family medicine center). The data were collected through interviewing and observing technique using structured questionnaire containing the quality items. The used questionnaire and interview checklist were developed and formulated according to the WHO patient safety and OSHA self inspection checklist. Scoring of the studied items are done and compared between the two studied centers using statistical test with p value of significance was set at ≤ 0.05. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the studied family medicine centers with regard to some studied patient safety goals where the higher compliance was achieved in the 6th district center. For the studied quality improvement requirements, however, there was no statistically significant difference between the studied centers for almost all studied items. Comparison of compliance of the studied centers with the criteria of access, there was statistically significant difference regarding most of the studied items of this topic with the highest compliance was observed in6th district center, although no one of the studied centers has met all the studied characteristics of that topic. Assessing the availability and uses of personal protective equipment (PPE), the study findings showed a variation among the studied centers. Only one third of the clinics of El-Hagana center showed a compliance with PPE. Conclusion: Patient safety at primary health care centers has to be reviewed and assessed periodically. There are need to carry national large study to assess quality of patient safety program in PHCC all over the country.
Abstract: Background: Patient safety at primary health care centers (PHCC) is rarely assessed, particularly in developing countries. Objectives: This study aimed to assess some items of patient safety program at primary health care centers, Cairo, Egypt. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out on primary health care centers (PHCC) in Cairo, from Jan...
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The Availability of Resources for Standard Management of Hypertension at Public Primary Health Care Facilities, Shargelneel Locality-Khartoum State-Sudan
Naiema Abdalla Wagialla,
Mustafa Khidir Mustafa Elnimeiri
Issue:
Volume 2, Issue 4, December 2016
Pages:
138-141
Received:
26 October 2016
Accepted:
24 November 2016
Published:
12 January 2017
Abstract: Introduction: Hypertension is already a high prevalent risk factor for Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVDs) throughout the world due to prevalence of contributing modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and Hyperlipidemia. Worldwide hypertension estimated to cause 7.1 million premature death and 4.5% of disease burden (64 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs), it is eminently preventable, and this can be achieved by targeted life-related risk factors. Objective: To study the availability of resources needed for standard management of hypertension in Public Primary Health Care Facilities, in Sharg-Alneel locality, Khartoum State, aiming to generate information for establishing quality control program. Methodology: Facility- based cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Sharg-Alneel locality, Khartoum State, Sudan. The study Population composed of 26 public primary health care facilities and 3 rural hospitals, and all health care providers available during the data collection period and they were 119 care providers. Standardized administered questionnaire and checklist were developed, pre-test and used for data collection. The data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 15. Results: Marked shortage in care providers (physicians and nurses), only 0.5-physician per10,000 populations, and 0.6 nurse per10,000 populations. In addition, 71.4% of the physician and 93.5% of other health care providers were not subjected to training on standard management of hypertension. Standard referral, reporting and recording systems, were not established yet, as well, hypertension health education materials and national hypertension guidelines were not available in all health facilities. Sphygmomanometer, adult weighing scale, ophthalmoscope, x-ray machine and ECG machines, were available in 96.6%, 93.1%, 24.2%, 20.7%, 17.2% of the health facilities respectively. In addition, essential investigations e.g. reagent for cholesterol, blood creatinine & blood urea kits, and reagent for uric acid test, were available in 20.7%, 31%, 62.1%, and 37.9% of the health facilities respectively. Only three out of 13 anti-hypertensive drugs included in the national drug list of primary health care level were available in the health facilities, and these were; Aspirin (86%), Furosemide (62%) and Atenolol (52%). Conclusion: There was a marked shortage in health care providers, only 0.5-physician per 10,000 populations, and 0.6 nurses per 10, 000 populations. Other resources were inadequate to provide quality services for hypertensive patients at the primary health care level.
Abstract: Introduction: Hypertension is already a high prevalent risk factor for Cardio Vascular Diseases (CVDs) throughout the world due to prevalence of contributing modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, tobacco use, and Hyperlipidemia. Worldwide hypertension estimated to cause 7.1 million premature death and 4.5% of disease ...
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