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Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Soil Using Biofertilizer from Nitrogen-fixing and Phosphate-solubilizing Bacteria
Barivule Girigiri,
Caroline Nchedu Ariole,
Herbert Okechukwu Stanley
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
27-38
Received:
24 October 2019
Accepted:
14 November 2019
Published:
19 November 2019
Abstract: This study examined bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil (PS) stimulated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Five set-ups designated as A (500 g PS + 50 g NFB); B (500 g PS + 50 g PSB); C (500 g PS + 50 g NFB+PSB); D (500 g PS + 50 g NPK); and E (500 g PS only: control) were designed. Total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) were monitored for 4 weeks. Toxicity of the biofertilizer on maize plant was determined. The combination of the biofertilizers with normal soil for the ecotoxicity testing was in the following ratios: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100. The NFB were classified as Azotobacter sp. and Rhizobium sp. while the PSB identifies as Pseudomonas and Bacillus using their 16S rRNA gene sequences and deposited in GenBank under the accession numbers MN134485.1-MN134488.1. After 28 days study, TPH reductions were 97.8%, 97.5%, 94.3%, 92.1%, and 34.6% in NFB, NFB+PSB, PSB, NPK treatments, and control. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between the set-ups when compared to the control. For toxicity testing, the 25:75 concentration in all treatment set-ups best supported plant growth. It was concluded that biofertilizer is effective in remediating oil contaminated soil and in improving soil fertility.
Abstract: This study examined bioremediation of crude oil polluted soil (PS) stimulated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB). Five set-ups designated as A (500 g PS + 50 g NFB); B (500 g PS + 50 g PSB); C (500 g PS + 50 g NFB+PSB); D (500 g PS + 50 g NPK); and E (500 g PS only: control) were designed. Total petroleum ...
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Liberation Studies of Composite Particles in Iperindo Gold-bearing Rock, Southwest Nigeria
Adetula Yomi Vincent,
Alabi Oladunni Oyelola,
Ola-Omole Omoyemi Omole
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
39-42
Received:
22 October 2019
Accepted:
20 November 2019
Published:
25 November 2019
Abstract: The research investigates the liberation size of composite particles in Iperindo lode deposit at Ilesha goldfield in Osun state, Nigeria. The sample of the gold ore was sourced from Iperindo and 3 kilograms of gold ore was prepared by crushing and grinding to 100% passing 710µm sieve. 300 grams of the prepared ore was charged into set of sieves arranged in √2 i.e from 500 μm to -45 μm mounted on automated sieve shaker and operated for 20 minutes. Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) were used to determine the elemental and chemical composition of the ore. The chemical analysis of the crude sample via X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry (XRF) revealed that the crude sample contain high content of Fe, Ti, Mn and K. The traces of K, Ba and Rb, shows that composite particles in Iperindo gold-bearing rock ore was formed as a result of hydrothermal alteration and the characterization of the sieve fractions by Atomic Absorption specteometey shows -63μm +45μm has the highest gold content when compare to other seive fraction. This indicates that the optimum liberation size of gold in Iperindo gold-bearing rock is 45μm. Processing of gold, which is economical viable from the ore deposit using froth flotation is desirable. Hence, efficient flotation of the mineral particle at the optimum liberation size of 45μm which lies favorably within the range of 10–150µm sighted from literature, will lead to good recovery of the gold particle.
Abstract: The research investigates the liberation size of composite particles in Iperindo lode deposit at Ilesha goldfield in Osun state, Nigeria. The sample of the gold ore was sourced from Iperindo and 3 kilograms of gold ore was prepared by crushing and grinding to 100% passing 710µm sieve. 300 grams of the prepared ore was charged into set of sieves arr...
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Chemical and Mineralogical Studies of Gold-bearing Rock in Iperindo, Ilesha Goldfield, Southwest Nigeria
Adetula Yomi Vincent,
Ozah Blessing,
Alabi Oladunni Oyelola,
Marindoti Damilola Missturah,
John Ade Ajayi
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
43-47
Received:
22 October 2019
Accepted:
21 November 2019
Published:
26 November 2019
Abstract: This paper provides chemical and mineralogical studies on Gold-bearing rock ore. The samples used was sourced from Iperindo at Ilesha Local Government Area of Osun state, Nigeria. 500g of the ore was weighed using digital weighing balance. The samples were crushed and ground until 80% passing of 75 μm sieve. The ground ore was blended homogeneously before the analysis while for the ore microscopic study, true fraction representative gold-bearing rock samples were prepared as polished mounts and characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope–Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX). X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) was used to determine the chemical composition while identification of the associate mineral phase was done using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) technique. From the optical microscopy and SEM/EDX study, the gold grain was found embedded in the quartz and spotted interlocked in feldspar within a microscopic size level while a fracture type of surface morphology was observed which shows a protuberant quartz-feldspar veins texture. XRD shows the mineral phases of quartz, dolomite, sylvite, annite. The traces of K, Ba and Rb, in this compound shows that the ore is a typical mesothermal gold deposit. Hence, the gold is finely disseminated on the silicate mineral and this characteristic is unsuitable to be processed by physical separation as the microscopic gold will tend to be lost during processing. However, a sustainable processing method such as froth flotation can be proposed to overcome this problem.
Abstract: This paper provides chemical and mineralogical studies on Gold-bearing rock ore. The samples used was sourced from Iperindo at Ilesha Local Government Area of Osun state, Nigeria. 500g of the ore was weighed using digital weighing balance. The samples were crushed and ground until 80% passing of 75 μm sieve. The ground ore was blended homogeneously...
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Investigation of Thermal, Structural and Electrical Properties of LaMnO3-Sigma
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
48-55
Received:
24 October 2019
Accepted:
18 November 2019
Published:
26 November 2019
Abstract: LaMnO3 is one of the most intensively studied cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). In the present study, LaMnO3-d, cathode materials were synthesized by combustion method. The properties of synthesized materials like thermal, structural, electrical and electrochemical were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) analysis confirms that the calcination temperature (1000°C) is the appropriate temperature for the preparation of the materials using La (NO3)3.6H2O, MnSO4.H2O, Co (NO3)2.6H2O, Fe (NO3) 3.9H2O and C6H8O7.H2O precursors. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) results of the materials reveal the formation of the hexagonal structure with R3C space group Fd3m.The scanning electron microscope (SEM) characterization shows that the prepared samples have slightly porous structure with agglomerated particles. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis is also confirms the presence of La, Mn and O elements in all synthesized materials. From the fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, the most significant absorption bands located at 1629.8cm1 and 589.9cm1 wave numbers are identified. The room temperature conductivity of the sample is found to be 6.3×10-3 for LaMnO3 cathode material. From the dielectric constant ε′ as a function of frequency observed that value of ε′ maximum at lower frequencies and it begins to drop and becomes constant at higher frequencies.
Abstract: LaMnO3 is one of the most intensively studied cathode materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC). In the present study, LaMnO3-d, cathode materials were synthesized by combustion method. The properties of synthesized materials like thermal, structural, electrical and electrochemical were investigated. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA/DTA) analysis c...
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Identifying an Improved Jute Variety Preferring Physico-chemical Properties
Mubarak Hossen,
Ayesha Khatton,
Fa Dilruba
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
56-58
Received:
29 October 2019
Accepted:
27 November 2019
Published:
5 December 2019
Abstract: There are so many fibres, but not all of them are textile. Textile materials are generally soft, flexible, and capable of being transformed into desired shapes without resistance and durable over a reasonable period of wear. Jute –the Golden fibre of Bangladesh is used widely for various purposes. For the assessment of fibre quality of three types of jute fibre e.g. newly released jute variety-72, bleached fibre and variety O-9897 were considered for the analysis of physical properties (Reed jute fibre length, Brightness index, Whiteness index, Bundle strength and Fineness index) and chemical analysis (Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Lignin, Ash content, Fat/Oil content, Oil content in jute seed, Pectin content and safonification value) under the present study.Some field level morphological information was taken as quality contributing characteristics. The study was conducted at the Chemistry Division, Textile Physics Division and Pilot Plant and Processing Division of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh during 2017-2019. The assessment of physico-chemical properties of the variety O-72 was blue seeded with lower percentage of oil content than naturally brown seeded but saponification value was higher, Brightness (22.04%), fineness (36.26%) and bundle strength (06.20 lb/mg) index were very much comparable to bleached jute samples using 6% hydrogen peroxide. Cellulose content was 65.68% as well as lignin and hemicelluloses content were 13.95% and 17.94% respectively which were more prominent than O-9897 varieties of jute fibres.
Abstract: There are so many fibres, but not all of them are textile. Textile materials are generally soft, flexible, and capable of being transformed into desired shapes without resistance and durable over a reasonable period of wear. Jute –the Golden fibre of Bangladesh is used widely for various purposes. For the assessment of fibre quality of three types ...
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Fabrication, Mechanical Characterization and Interfacial Properties of Bamboo and E-glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene-based Composites
Kamrun Nahar Keya,
Nasrin Afroz Kona,
Ruhul Amin Khan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
59-66
Received:
31 October 2019
Accepted:
27 November 2019
Published:
5 December 2019
Abstract: Bamboo and E-glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) based composites (50 wt% fiber) were fabricated by compression molding. Tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), tensile modulus (TM), bending modulus (BM) and Elongation at break (%) of the bamboo fiber reinforced PP composite was found to be 62 MPa, 78 MPa, 4.96 GPa, 5.76 GPa, and 5.0%, respectively. Then, E-glass fiber-reinforced PP-based composites (50 wt% fiber) were also fabricated using the same methods and after that, the mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated. The TS, BS, TM, BM and Eb% of the E-glass fiber reinforced PP based composites were found to be 86 MPa, 88 MPa, 7.0 GPa, 12 GPa, and 16%, respectively. It was revealed that E-glass fiber reinforced based composites had higher TS, BS, TM, and BM compared to bamboo fiber reinforced-based composites. At ambient conditions, degradation tests of the bamboo/PP composite were performed in soil and it took 24 weeks which showed that after degradation mechanical properties of the bamboo fiber retained its original mechanical properties. After the flexural test, fracture sides of the E-glass/PP and bamboo/PP composites were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and the results revealed that bamboo-fiber reinforced based composites matrix adhesion less than the E-glass fiber reinforced based composites.
Abstract: Bamboo and E-glass fiber-reinforced polypropylene (PP) based composites (50 wt% fiber) were fabricated by compression molding. Tensile strength (TS), bending strength (BS), tensile modulus (TM), bending modulus (BM) and Elongation at break (%) of the bamboo fiber reinforced PP composite was found to be 62 MPa, 78 MPa, 4.96 GPa, 5.76 GPa, and 5.0%, ...
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Contamination of Heavy Metals, Source, Effects on Leaving Things and Different Remediation Techniques in Soil: A Review
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
67-75
Received:
1 November 2019
Accepted:
27 November 2019
Published:
5 December 2019
Abstract: Different researches showed that contamination of heavy metals in soil has become more and more serious, which affects Both soil fertility degradation and detrimental to human health through food chain causing adverse effects on human health. The concentration of metals beyond Maximum Permissible Level (MCL) leads to number of nervous, cardiovascular, renal, neurological impairment as well as bone diseases and several other health disorders and also computed the macronutrient in the human body. Due to these it needs more attention towards the contamination area using either prevention or minimizing methods of the source of contamination. Different researches mentioned different remediation techniques which involve phytoremediation, lime, phosphates, and different biochar materials. Remediation mechanisms basically consist of two fundamental principles. The first is to completely remove contaminations from polluted area and the second is to transform these pollutants to harmless forms. The application of Biochar in soil makes dual purpose which ameliorating soil fertility and remediated heavy metal due to the content of different physicochemical properties. So in this paper, including source of heavy metal, effect of heavy metal in human, plant growth and soil microorganism and remediation technique of contaminated soil, reaction of biochar in soil and application of biochar in soil quality were discussed. Therefore this is particular importance as it indicates the value of biochar as alternative remediation and amendments to ameliorate soil nutrient and acid soils for small-scale farmers who cannot afford to regularly purchase lime and mineral fertilizers as compared to phytoremediation techniques. But phytoremediation wide scope of area use of plants to partially or substantially remediate selected contaminants in contaminated soil, sludge, sediment, groundwater, surface water, and wastewater.
Abstract: Different researches showed that contamination of heavy metals in soil has become more and more serious, which affects Both soil fertility degradation and detrimental to human health through food chain causing adverse effects on human health. The concentration of metals beyond Maximum Permissible Level (MCL) leads to number of nervous, cardiovascul...
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Preparation of Stable Microemulsions with Different Droplet Size
Hu Shiyu,
Chen Jiaxuan,
Zhu Yeting,
Wei Yelu,
Di Tongtong,
Shen Hangyan
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
76-82
Received:
7 November 2019
Accepted:
28 November 2019
Published:
10 December 2019
Abstract: Microemulsion is a widely used technique for preparing nanoparticles. The droplet size in stable microemulsions is a key parameter for limiting the size and shape of the formed nanoparticles. In this paper, the stable microemulsions were synthesized by two titration methods, the water titration method and the co-surfactant titration. Six reagents with different HLB were used as surfactants, including Span-80, E-1302, EL-10, MOA-9, Triton X-114 and OP-10. Quasi ternary phase diagrams of O/W and W/O microemusions with different surfactants were established according to the composition of surfactant, co-surfactant, oil and water. The size of the microemulsions droplets was characterized by using Zetasizer Nano S90. Within the stable micromulsions region, the droplet size was systemically controlled from 1 nm to 120 nm by changing different surfactants and controlling the quality ratio of components. A complex dependence of the droplet size on the water to surfactant ratio and the co-surfactant to surfactant ratio was established. In the stable microemulsions region, the droplets size increases dramatically with increased the water to surfactant ratio and the larger droplet size is obtained with increasing the co-surfactant amount.
Abstract: Microemulsion is a widely used technique for preparing nanoparticles. The droplet size in stable microemulsions is a key parameter for limiting the size and shape of the formed nanoparticles. In this paper, the stable microemulsions were synthesized by two titration methods, the water titration method and the co-surfactant titration. Six reagents w...
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