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Physical Exercise Prescription for Individuals with Kidney Disease
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
124-127
Received:
26 August 2020
Accepted:
9 September 2020
Published:
9 November 2020
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition that has significant implications for patients’ health. CKD is diagnosed if evidence of kidney damage has been present for more than 3 months; it is divided into five stages depending on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CKD is asymptomatic and determining its prevalence relies on screening populations, so the reported prevalence depends on the population studied and screening methods used. Risk factors for CKD can be divided into initiating and perpetuating factors, and includes genetic factors, ethnicity, socio-economic factors and age. There are several causes of CKD, the most common being diabetes mellitus. In order to reduce the burden of CKD, it is essential to recognize which patients are at most risks so that they can be screened and treated early. It is hoped that with early recognition and treatment the number of patients with CKD progressing to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) and the need for renal replacement therapy will be reduced. Exercise testing of individuals with CKD should be supervised by trained medical personnel, with the use of standard test termination criteria and test termination methods. Based on current evidence, exercise is safe for these individuals if performed at moderate intensity and if progression occurs gradually.
Abstract: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common condition that has significant implications for patients’ health. CKD is diagnosed if evidence of kidney damage has been present for more than 3 months; it is divided into five stages depending on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). CKD is asymptomatic and determining its prevalence relies on screening pop...
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Technical Performance Evaluation of Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme at Wondo Genet, Ethiopia
Henok Tesfaye,
Kedir Jemal
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
128-134
Received:
27 August 2020
Accepted:
14 September 2020
Published:
9 November 2020
Abstract: Expanding efficient irrigation development on various scales is one of the best alternatives to provide reliable and sustainable food security. However, many irrigation schemes in developing countries in general and particularly in Ethiopia are performing below capacity. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of wosha soyama irrigation scheme at Wondo Genet South Nation Nationality and People Regional State, Ethiopia. The evaluation carried out using standard technical performance indicators including conveyance, application, water storage, water distribution uniformity efficiency and deep percolation loss were used at the head, middle and tail reach of the scheme. The study shows that application efficiency was very low which is 48.2% due to higher water loss through deep percolation. Conveyance efficiency, water storage, water distribution uniformity efficiency, and deep percolation loss were revealed 55.6, 89.8, 91.7 and 51.8%, respectively. The overall efficiency was also below the desired level which is 26%. Based on the above observation, adoption of water saving practices such as deficit irrigation, surge and cutoff application to improving application, frequent maintains of water conveyance system can enhance the conveyance efficiency of the scheme.
Abstract: Expanding efficient irrigation development on various scales is one of the best alternatives to provide reliable and sustainable food security. However, many irrigation schemes in developing countries in general and particularly in Ethiopia are performing below capacity. This study was conducted to evaluate the performance of wosha soyama irrigatio...
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Novel Approach for Forecasting and Assessing the Relationship Between the Environment Friendly Fibres Production Process and Fibres Properties
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
135-144
Received:
1 May 2020
Accepted:
4 June 2020
Published:
16 November 2020
Abstract: This research will provide statistical forecasting models for the relationship between the production process and biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic co-polyester fibre properties. Spin draw ratio, birefringence, drawability, die head pressure, crystallographic order as full-width half-maximum, count, tensile properties, diameter, and thermal shrinkage was tested, analyzed and modeled using factorial experimental designs. Appropriate statistical methods were applied, and a model for specifying the direction of increasing or decreasing of the significant process parameters was identified. A statistical forecasting program was typically designed for optimizing fibers extrusion processes using Microsoft Visual Basic program, and then the predicted and calculated results were evaluated. The main goal of current research is to give basics for the novel optimization approach, and how these novel modeling methodologies will help polymer designers in making the best experimental decision, saving the power, the time and the cost. The statistical models and designed programs are important for controlling the production process to enhance fibre properties. The produced fibres could be used for different textile applications, as an alternative to commercial chemical fibres at reasonable cost.
Abstract: This research will provide statistical forecasting models for the relationship between the production process and biodegradable aliphatic-aromatic co-polyester fibre properties. Spin draw ratio, birefringence, drawability, die head pressure, crystallographic order as full-width half-maximum, count, tensile properties, diameter, and thermal shrinkag...
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Impact of COVID-19 Contagion on Digital Transformation and Economy
James Kunle Olorundare,
Christian Ngozi Ahiauzu,
Aderonke Favour-Bethy Thompson,
Adebimpe Olubunmi Olorundare,
Fem Ekanoye,
Adebunmi Akinbo,
Abiodun Ayorinde
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
145-153
Received:
17 November 2020
Accepted:
10 December 2020
Published:
25 December 2020
Abstract: The novel COVID-19 compelled an unannounced and indefinite holiday in the world with a ripple effect of the global economy downturn. As a result, businesses all over the world have been forced to devise business strategies with minimal negative impact from COVID-19. Since there is no timeline as to when the COVID-19 will end, this paper seeks to empirically examine the COVID-19 impact on the traditional economy vis-a-vis digital transformation paradigm shift in the economy ecosystem leveraging on digital channels. Digital transformation can only be implemented based on the availability of digital channels with developed countries having advantage of readily available infrastructures to accelerate the implementation of digital businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic as compared to growing economies. To this end, two surveys were conducted to ascertain COVID-19 effect on the traditional economy as well as the paradigm shift to digital transformation. The first was the qualitative survey which was analyzed based on Key Research Questions which were transcribed and analyzed from focus group discussion. The second survey establishes the fact gotten from the quantitative survey from Survey Monkey platform. The ggplot2 package in RStudio platform was used for the data visualization using R programming Language enabling the data analysis for a technical evaluation.
Abstract: The novel COVID-19 compelled an unannounced and indefinite holiday in the world with a ripple effect of the global economy downturn. As a result, businesses all over the world have been forced to devise business strategies with minimal negative impact from COVID-19. Since there is no timeline as to when the COVID-19 will end, this paper seeks to em...
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Investigation of Soil at Different Locations of the Kathmandu Valley of Nepal
Neeru K. C.,
Khet Raj Dahal
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2020
Pages:
154-169
Received:
7 December 2020
Accepted:
15 December 2020
Published:
31 December 2020
Abstract: Investigation of soil bearing capacity helps in determining the design of the foundation of any structure. The main parameters which are commonly associated with the determination of liquefaction potential are the saturated sand and silty soils. Therefore, the present study was focused on the investigation of soil bearing capacity at different locations of Kathmandu valley of Nepal. The study was conducted during the period of 2019. Laboratory tests of the soil is the major tool of the investigation. The findings were analyzed in five categories emphasizing on bearing capacity, bulk density, natural moisture content, specific gravity and grain sieve analysis. The study found that the soil bearing capacity of the Kathmandu valley is low. Most of the places consist of Silty Clay soil, the consistency of which is very low. The study found that the highest and lowest value of bearing capacity was to be 151.2Kn/m2 and 61.66Kn/m2 respectively in Lalitpur District. Similarly, the highest and lowest value of bearing capacity of Kathmandu was found to be 163 Kn/m2 and 58.6 Kn/m2, whereas the same parameter in Bhaktapur, was found to be 6 Kn/m2 and 56.4 Kn/m2. Furthermore, the highest and lowest value of bulk density of the Lalitpur district was found to be 1.72 gm/cm3 and 2.1 gm/cm3 respectively, and for Bhaktapur it was declared to be 1.69 gm/cm3 and 2.01 gm/cm3 consecutively. In addition, the highest and lowest value of bulk density was calculated to be 1.55 gm/cm3 and 2.09 gm/cm3 for Kathmandu. Whereas, based on natural moisture content, the findings which were observed are the highest and lowest value of 4.4% and 99.85% at Lalitpur; and at Bhaktapur 10.72%, 75.95% respectively. Similarly, the highest and lowest value of Kathmandu district was found to be 4.76% and 99.8%. Moreover, based on specific gravity the highest and lowest values of Lalitpur District are 2.71 and 2.55, and at Bhaktapur district are 2.72 and 2.55, and at Kathmandu district are 2.72 and 2.55 respectively. Thus, the consistency of the soil at most of the places of the Kathmandu Valley ranges from soft to medium soft depending upon the value of N (i.e. 4 to 8). The study would like to suggest that the geotechnical investigation is necessary before the construction of a building in Kathmandu valley. Furthermore, the depth of the foundation should be increased, raft foundation is recommended to a greater extent. And, pile foundation is recommended, where the soil has very low bearing capacity.
Abstract: Investigation of soil bearing capacity helps in determining the design of the foundation of any structure. The main parameters which are commonly associated with the determination of liquefaction potential are the saturated sand and silty soils. Therefore, the present study was focused on the investigation of soil bearing capacity at different loca...
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