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Affordable Walling Materials Used in Low Income Estates of Eldoret, Kisumu and Nakuru Towns in Kenya
Clement Kiprotich Kiptum,
Victor Muroki Mwirigi,
Ochillo Ochieng Steve
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
56-60
Received:
7 March 2020
Accepted:
20 March 2020
Published:
14 April 2020
Abstract: In today’s building industry, availability of cheaper construction materials still remains the primary goal of any developer. In Kenya, bricks, iron sheets, mud and cement/stone blocks are some of the walling materials in use. A newly introduced material which is affordable is Expanded Polystyrene (EPS). This study aimed to evaluate types of walling materials used in low income areas of three major towns of Eldoret, Kisumu and Nakuru in Kenya with a view of determining the awareness levels of EPS. The methodology involved interview questionnaires administered to 77 respondents (landlords and tenants) in poor sub-urban areas of the three towns. The results showed that 56% of respondents lived in brick houses while a 4% lived in stone houses and the remaining 40% lived in houses made of mud or iron sheets. More than 80% of respondents were not comfortable in the houses they were staying and they hoped for improvement. That is why 94.8% were ready to pay more if their current living conditions were improved by their plot owners. The highest awareness of EPS use was in Kisumu (60%), followed by Nakuru (37.5%) and Eldoret at 33.3%. The most expensive rooms were those made of stones at KES. 500,000 while mud walled rooms were the least expensive to construct at KES. 35,000. Future research on relationship between distance to source of walling material and preference is recommended.
Abstract: In today’s building industry, availability of cheaper construction materials still remains the primary goal of any developer. In Kenya, bricks, iron sheets, mud and cement/stone blocks are some of the walling materials in use. A newly introduced material which is affordable is Expanded Polystyrene (EPS). This study aimed to evaluate types of wallin...
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Research on Application of Electricity Emergency Communication Based on Multi-situation Awareness
Junxiao Shi,
Chenfan Weng,
Hui Wu
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
61-68
Received:
7 February 2020
Accepted:
24 February 2020
Published:
14 April 2020
Abstract: In order to meet the demand of contemporary emergency communications, the investigations on communication methods, basic network survivability, coverage ability and transmission rate are proposed. The digital microwave, mesh networks, small base stations and portable integrated base station technologies are studied, then multi-situation awareness networking architecture is presented, and the key modules which involved in the solution is discussed. According to the architecture, concept of typical power emergency scene based on natural disasters and transmission line repairs are designed. This paper discusses the practical application of an emergency communication network that can be quickly set up, integrated earth observation system with multi-level command, which meets the higher requirements of future electricity emergency communication guarantee. It is foreseeable that in the future, power emergency communications will present a trend of polymorphism. The networking scheme proposed in this paper has greatly improved the efficiency of establishing the on-site emergency system. In extreme disaster situations, various sensing technologies will take advantage of the unique advantages of their respective technologies, so that multi-level command can be achieved at the company's provincial, city, and even county levels. At the same time, while ensuring the key target area, it can achieve a wide coverage which has certain promotion value.
Abstract: In order to meet the demand of contemporary emergency communications, the investigations on communication methods, basic network survivability, coverage ability and transmission rate are proposed. The digital microwave, mesh networks, small base stations and portable integrated base station technologies are studied, then multi-situation awareness n...
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Cyber Physical Recommender Systems for IoT Based Applications
Anagha Neelkanth Chaudhari
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
69-79
Received:
10 April 2020
Accepted:
23 April 2020
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are often characterized as smart systems, which intelligently interact with other systems across information and physical interfaces. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are fitting into modern society. CPS integrate multiple techniques, including distributed computing, communication and automatic control, to support variety of intelligent services and applications in many fields, such as transportation, healthcare, entertainment and city infrastructure. Recommender systems in CPS, which always provide information recommendations for users based on historical ratings collected from a single domain only, suffer from the data sparsity problem. Recently, several recommendation models have been proposed to transfer knowledge across multiple domains to alleviate the sparsity problem, which typically assumes that multiple domains share a latent common rating pattern. Recommender systems always results into faster and efficient options/choices as per user’s demands. This technology helps us in retrieval and access of different services like in Healthcare sector, Education, E-Commerce, etc. During the last few decades, with the rise of Youtube, Amazon, Netflix and many other such web services, recommender systems have taken more and more place in our lives. From e-commerce (suggest to buyers articles that could interest them) to online advertisement (suggest to users the right contents, matching their preferences), recommender systems are today unavoidable in our daily online journeys. In this paper, a proposed system architecture focusses on IoT applications utilizing recommender systems for offering number of services to users. Also, various Cyber Physical Recommender Systems are proposed to offer standard quality of service (QoS) for various IoT applications.
Abstract: Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are often characterized as smart systems, which intelligently interact with other systems across information and physical interfaces. Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are fitting into modern society. CPS integrate multiple techniques, including distributed computing, communication and automatic control, to support variety o...
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Systematic Studies of the High Output Thermoelectric Power Generation
Zhihao Li,
Jiapeng Su,
Dawei Liu,
Anjun Jin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
80-88
Received:
8 January 2020
Accepted:
29 April 2020
Published:
19 May 2020
Abstract: Authors have methodically investigated the alternative energy technologies based upon thermoelectricity generation. Firstly, its power is systematically investigated under various work conditions in thermoelectric applications. In addition, they have modelled, designed, and constructed the thermoelectric power system. Moreover, they have invented a state-of-the-art table-top instrument that may evaluate several critical thermoelectric characters in situ. Several aspects of the thermoelectric features are characterized in situ that include the efficiency, force response curve, current-voltage (i.e., I-V) curve, power-voltage (P-V) curve, and the power versus temperature (P-T) responses. Furthermore, they have successfully built a high-power heat harvester and have applied to the automotive case study in details. Finally, they have obtained the multi-stack thermoelectric devices that have improved characters; e.g., both the power output and the thermoelectric efficiency have improved in comparison to the devices commercially available. The investigation leads to 19+% efficiency in triple stack devices and 10+% in dual-stack.
Abstract: Authors have methodically investigated the alternative energy technologies based upon thermoelectricity generation. Firstly, its power is systematically investigated under various work conditions in thermoelectric applications. In addition, they have modelled, designed, and constructed the thermoelectric power system. Moreover, they have invented a...
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Four-level Simulation Model of Photovoltaic Matrix
Dawei Liu,
Japeng Su,
Zhihao Li,
Anjun Jin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
89-95
Received:
1 April 2020
Accepted:
24 April 2020
Published:
18 June 2020
Abstract: Due to the comprehensive influence of many factors such as performance difference of modules and weather environment, the power prediction technology of DC side of photovoltaic (PV) power station has always been a difficult and important research direction. In this paper, a four-level modelling method of photovoltaic matrix is proposed, which can study the influence of the performance deviation of the PV modules on the output power of the array at any position. Compared with the previous research, this work modelling an independent MPPT unit and numbering each battery in series and parallel components, so as to study the influence of component performance deviation on the overall output power in different circuit positions. At the same time, the function of electrical protection inside and outside the components is considered, which makes the calculation results closer to the actual situation of the power plant. By using this method, the influence of different installation direction of modules on the overall power generation of a 50KW photovoltaic matrix under the same occlusion condition is studied. The results show that when the light intensity loss in the occluded area is less than 40%, there is little difference between the two installation methods; with the increase of the light intensity loss, the power loss of the transverse installation method is smaller.
Abstract: Due to the comprehensive influence of many factors such as performance difference of modules and weather environment, the power prediction technology of DC side of photovoltaic (PV) power station has always been a difficult and important research direction. In this paper, a four-level modelling method of photovoltaic matrix is proposed, which can s...
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Case Study of a Clean Energy Solution by Employing the Distributed Energy Sources Based on Perovskite Solar Cells
Zhihao Li,
Kuan Way Chee,
Zhenhai Yang,
Jiapeng Su,
Anjun Jin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
96-104
Received:
5 April 2020
Accepted:
24 April 2020
Published:
18 June 2020
Abstract: Case Study of a Clean Energy Solution by Employing the Distributed Energy Sources Based on Perovskite Solar Cells
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Investigation of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and Published Energy Source: Theory and Experiment
Zhihao Li,
Jiapeng Su,
Anjun Jin
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 2, June 2020
Pages:
105-109
Received:
22 April 2020
Accepted:
18 May 2020
Published:
18 June 2020
Abstract: Investigation of the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion and Published Energy Source: Theory and Experiment
