-
Data Protection and Artificial Intelligence Law: Europe Australia Singapore - An Actual or Perceived Dichotomy
Robert Walters,
Matthew Coghlan
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
55-65
Received:
1 November 2019
Accepted:
27 November 2019
Published:
5 December 2019
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is moving so rapidly policy makers, regulators, governments and the legal profession are struggling to keep up. However, AI is not new and it has been used for more than two decades. Coupled with AI, personal data, along with cyber security law, and the challenges posed by the current legal frameworks are nothing short of immense. They are, in part, at odds with each other, and are doing very different things. This paper explores some of the challenges emerging in Australia, Europe and Singapore. The challenge of the interrelationship between personal data and AI arguably begins with who has manufactured the AI. Secondly, who owns the AI. Another challenge that has also emerged is defining AI. Most people are able to understand what AI is and how it is beginning to impact the economy and our daily lives. However, there is no clear legal definition of AI, because AI is so nebulous. This burgeoning area of law is going to challenge society, privacy and economic experts, regulators, innovators of technology, as there continues to be a collision between them. Furthermore, the collection of personal data by AI challenges the notion of where responsibility lies. That is, AI may collect, use and disclose personal data at different points along the technology chain. It will be highlighted how the current data protection laws rather than promote AI projects, largely inhibit its development. This paper identifies some of the tensions between data protection law and AI. This paper argues that there is a need for an urgent and detailed understanding of the opportunities, legal and ethical issues associated with data protection and AI. Doing so will ensure an ongoing balance between the economic and social issues that are attached to the two areas of the law.
Abstract: Artificial Intelligence (AI) is moving so rapidly policy makers, regulators, governments and the legal profession are struggling to keep up. However, AI is not new and it has been used for more than two decades. Coupled with AI, personal data, along with cyber security law, and the challenges posed by the current legal frameworks are nothing short ...
Show More
-
Challenges and Safety in Erection and Commissioning of 280/85 Tons Single Failure Proof EOT Crane at PFBR
Swamynathan Kudiyarasan,
Poundraj Sivakumar,
Sanjeevi Umapathi,
Malangu Eswaran Sarath Chander
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
66-72
Received:
26 September 2019
Accepted:
26 November 2019
Published:
10 December 2019
Abstract: The Electric overhead traveling (EOT) crane installed in Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), Reactor Containment Building (RCB) is the largest capacity EOT crane installed in any nuclear power plants in India with some unique features of its own. It has been built with a single failure proof concept which is one of the prime requirements of a nuclear facility as per the standards of NUREG/IS. It is a double bridge girder type; the girder used in this crane is a single structure having a length of 34.8m without any joints as designed by IGCAR/BHAVINI (first of its kind). The span of the EOT crane is 33.4m and installed at a height of 42m from the ground level with the lifting height of 42.5m. This crane was manufactured by an Indian company M/s. UNIQUE CRANE, NASIK. Two hooks (280 tons / 85 tons) are connected in the same trolley sharing the Long Travel (LT). Load testing of the complete crane was done at factory before transporting it to PFBR site. The components of the crane were assembled in PFBR site. The erection methodology adopted was distinct w. r. t the site condition, as the components which were handled were very heavy, available space for installation was restricted and the head room was also very less. This erection has been completed successfully and very safely without any notable incidents. This activity is a biggest achievement / milestone in the nuclear industry in India. Later the EOT crane was commissioned, load tested with 350 tons load (negligible deflection) and being operated successfully without any incidents so far. This was achieved by accurate erection procedure, stringent Quality Assurance Plan (QAP), Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) and Safe Operation Procedure (SOP). Many challenges were faced during manufacturing, testing, erection and load testing at site. This paper deliberates those challenges.
Abstract: The Electric overhead traveling (EOT) crane installed in Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR), Reactor Containment Building (RCB) is the largest capacity EOT crane installed in any nuclear power plants in India with some unique features of its own. It has been built with a single failure proof concept which is one of the prime requirements of a nu...
Show More
-
Evaluation of Pavement Distress for Asphalt Pavement Using Pavement Condition Index: Case Study from Adama to Awash Arba
Ashebir Belete Werkineh,
Bekele Arega Demissie
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
73-79
Received:
11 November 2019
Accepted:
2 December 2019
Published:
13 December 2019
Abstract: Pavement distress is a common problem for an opening road network and this distress is caused due to overloading of vehicles, poor maintenance, rapid traffic growth and improper design and implementation. This research study focused in Adama to Awash-Arba road section. The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the pavement distress using pavement condition index for the road section from Adama to Awash Arba. The result of the research show that the PCI value range from 8 to 97.1 and this shows that all section of the road have all types of pavement condition rating (Good, Satisfactory, Fair, Very Poor, Poor, Serious and Failed) in which 12.12% good, 9.09% satisfactory, 18.18% fair, 21.21% poor, 18.18% very poor, 18.18% serious and 3.03% was failed. Based on the pavement condition rating, seven soil samples was collected for the failed and serious road section using manual hand auger. Samples were air-dried before taken to laboratory test determination of subgrade soil. According to the pavement condition survey the road section from Adama to Awash Arba required maintenance and based on this, possible maintenance option had been recommended for pavement distress with respect to level of severity on the pavement condition of the study area in order to sustain the design life of the Pavement.
Abstract: Pavement distress is a common problem for an opening road network and this distress is caused due to overloading of vehicles, poor maintenance, rapid traffic growth and improper design and implementation. This research study focused in Adama to Awash-Arba road section. The main objective of this research work was to evaluate the pavement distress u...
Show More
-
Effect of Alkaline Concentration and Solid Liquid Ratio on the Acid Resistance of Fly Ash Based Geopolymer Mortar
Abel W. Ourgessa,
Amen Aniley,
Ababo G. Gudisa,
Ibsa Neme,
Alemshet Bekele
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 4, December 2019
Pages:
80-85
Received:
5 September 2019
Accepted:
6 November 2019
Published:
19 December 2019
Abstract: Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is one of the most widely used binders in building materials. However, OPC production is related with high CO2 emission and high energy consumption. Currently geopolymer cements are found to be the alternative substitute for OPC. Geopolymers most commonly are covalently bonded alkali-aluminosilicates which are X-ray amorphous at ambient and medium temperatures. The current study focusses on fly ash which is a byproduct of coal combustion process and due to its amorphous nature and chemistry, it is considered an appropriate raw material for geopolymer synthesis. In this study the effect of alkali concentration and solid liquid ratio on the acid resistance of fly ash based geopolymer mortar was studied. The fly ash was obtained from ayka Addis Textile, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Samples were prepared with different solid to liquid ratio and NaOH molarity and were tested for mechanical and durability properties. It was found that as the molarity of NaOH solution and solid to liquid ratio increase the initial and final setting time become shorter. Compressive and flexural strength show that after 28 days of curing sample with high Liquid to solid ratio and higher molarity show higher strength and smaller water absorption percentage. Sample were immersed in a 2% H2SO4 solution for 25 days and the sample with higher strength with smaller water absorption percentage show higher resistance.
Abstract: Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is one of the most widely used binders in building materials. However, OPC production is related with high CO2 emission and high energy consumption. Currently geopolymer cements are found to be the alternative substitute for OPC. Geopolymers most commonly are covalently bonded alkali-aluminosilicates which are X-ray a...
Show More
