Partial Purification and Characterisation of Polyphenol oxidase from Two Species of Bitter Yam (Discorea dumentorum)
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2016
Pages:
11-16
Received:
1 June 2016
Accepted:
12 June 2016
Published:
6 July 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.bmb.20160102.11
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Abstract: Polyphenol oxidases (PPO) are group of copper proteins, widely distributed phylogenetically from bacteria to mammals that catalyze the oxidation of phenolics to quinones which produces brown pigments in wounded tissues. PPO was isolated and partially characterized in white and yellow bitter yam (Discorea dumentorum). Extracts were partially purified using ammonium sulphate. The effects of optimum pH and temperature were investigated, while thermal and pH stability was also determined. The substrate specificity, kinetic and inhibition studies were also carried out. The optimal pH in the absence and presence of SDS were found to be 5.0 and 6.0, and 6.0 and 8.0 for white and yellow bitter yam respectively, while the optimum temperature for both white and yellow bitter yam was at 30°C. The enzyme was stable with over 90% activity after 3 hours incubation time at pH of 4.0 and 5.0, and 4.0 for yellow and white bitter yam respectively. The enzyme revealed over 70% remaining activities at all temperature investigated for yellow and at 30, 40 and 50°C for white bitter yam after 1 hour incubation. The Km values of 6.8 x 10-2mM and 8.0 x 10-2mM, and 3.3 x 10-1mM and 4.0 x 10-1mM with L-DOPA and tyrosine as substrates for PPO from white and yellow bitter yam respectively. Higher activity was observed with L-DOPA than with tyrosine.
Abstract: Polyphenol oxidases (PPO) are group of copper proteins, widely distributed phylogenetically from bacteria to mammals that catalyze the oxidation of phenolics to quinones which produces brown pigments in wounded tissues. PPO was isolated and partially characterized in white and yellow bitter yam (Discorea dumentorum). Extracts were partially purifie...
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Hepatoprotective Potentiality of Various Fractions of Ethanolic Extracts of Lawsonia Inermis (Henna) Leaves Against Chemical-Induced Hepatitis in Rats
Khondakar Mahmudul Hasan,
Samina Yesmin,
Sarkar Farhana Akhter,
Subrata Paul,
Sabarni Sarker,
Md Ariful Islam,
Mir Imam Ibne Wahed,
Md Rafiqul Islam Khan
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2016
Pages:
17-22
Received:
25 July 2016
Accepted:
2 August 2016
Published:
21 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.bmb.20160102.12
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Abstract: Liver is a metabolically active organ responsible for many vital life functions. More than 900 drugs, toxins, and herbs have been reported to cause liver injury. In spite of tremendous advances in modern medicine, there are hardly any reliable drugs that protect the liver from damage and/or help in regeneration of hepatic cell. It is, therefore, necessary to search for effective and safe herbal drugs for the treatment of liver disease. In the present study, we investigated the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic extracts of various fractions (Ethyl acetate, Petroleum ether and Chloroform) of Lowsonia inermis leaves in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatitis rats. Hepatotoxicity was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 on alternate days for 7 days. After 7 days of pretreatment of test extracts, the biochemical markers such as Serum bilirubin, Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), were examined. The extracts at the doses of 200 mg/kg p.o. significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the elevated levels of Serum bilirubin, SGPT, SGOT and SALP compared to the CCl4-treated group alone. The findings of the study indicate that the leaf extract of L. inermis showed a potential hepatoprotective activity and the protective action might be manifested by reducing the oxidative stress as the leaf extracts possess flavonoid and phenolic compounds which have free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity. However, further study is necessary uncovering the exact molecular mechanism of hepatoprotective activity.
Abstract: Liver is a metabolically active organ responsible for many vital life functions. More than 900 drugs, toxins, and herbs have been reported to cause liver injury. In spite of tremendous advances in modern medicine, there are hardly any reliable drugs that protect the liver from damage and/or help in regeneration of hepatic cell. It is, therefore, ne...
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Association of Polymorphisms at PRLR Gene Loci with Litter Size in Haimen Goat
Dejun Ji,
Guohu Cheng,
Yongjun Li,
Hao Zhang,
Haiyan Guo,
Miaoying Cai
Issue:
Volume 1, Issue 2, September 2016
Pages:
23-26
Received:
29 July 2016
Accepted:
8 August 2016
Published:
29 August 2016
DOI:
10.11648/j.bmb.20160102.13
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Abstract: Haimen goat is an exclusive and relatively rare indigenous Chinese goat breed that can produce high quality Brush Hair specialized in making valuable writing brush. To enlarge quickly the population size of Haimen goat, certain genetic markers that can improve litter size are needed in the breeding process. To search for suitable genetic markers related to litter size, the polymorphisms at the PRLR gene loci were investigated by PCR and single-strand conformation polymorphisms (SSCP) in Haimen goat, and their associations with litter size were analyzed by genetic tools. Results showed that two alleles are found on PRLR gene Intron 1, with gene frequencies was 0.59 and 0.41, respectively; the heterozygosity (He), effective allele number (Ne) and polymorphic information content (PIC) in Haimen Goat based on Intron 1 was 0.4838, 1.9372 and 0.3668, respectively; Two alleles were found on PRLR gene Intron 2, and gene frequencies was 0.79 and 0.21, respectively. He, Ne and PIC in Haimen Goat on Intron 2 was 0.3318, 1.4966 and 0.2768, respectively. The genetic variation indicated that the Haimen goat population was moderately polymorphic. The least square analysis and multicomparison of PRLR gene loci and litter size demonstrated that the SNP (A35G) on Intron 2 of the PRLR gene affected extremely significantly on litter size, with CC as the advantageous genotype for the trait of litter size; while the SNP (T95C) on Intron 1 had no significantly effect on litter size in Haimen goat. The results would provide some evidence for SNP (A35G) on Intron 2 of the PRLR gene as a candidate marker for the trait of litter size in goat.
Abstract: Haimen goat is an exclusive and relatively rare indigenous Chinese goat breed that can produce high quality Brush Hair specialized in making valuable writing brush. To enlarge quickly the population size of Haimen goat, certain genetic markers that can improve litter size are needed in the breeding process. To search for suitable genetic markers re...
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