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Influence of a New Energy-Saving Drying Method on the Quality of Corn Seeds
Kyrpa Mykola,
Kulyk Vіctor,
Kupar Julia,
Stasiv Oleg
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
1-6
Received:
16 December 2020
Accepted:
23 December 2020
Published:
12 January 2021
Abstract: Drying corn, especially seeds in cobs, requires much higher energy consumption compared to other cereals. Therefore, there is a need to find and study new methods of energy saving. Our work’s objective was: to analyze energy-saving methods of drying corn seeds in chamber corn dryers; to investigate the effect of a new corn cobs drying method on the sowing and yield properties of seeds. The new method is energy-saving and based on the use of a SKP chamber corn dryer in combination with a heat generator for biomass burning. We researched and characterized the known energy saving methods in the process of drying in SKP type chamber corn dryers, such as: two-stage drying of cobs with additional drying in grain; return of spent coolant to the drying zone (recirculation); application of maximum allowable heating temperatures (intensive drying). We established the influence of energy-saving drying methods on the quality of corn seeds. To study the effect of the new drying method on the technological, sowing and yield properties of corn seeds, we used a typical chamber dryer for corn SKP-10 in combination with a heat generator TPG-1/25 for biomass combustion. During the drying process on the energy-saving complex, cob samples were taken to determine the quality of seeds. The control level was seeds dried in a laboratory dryer at a temperature of 39°C with forced air circulation and indoors at a temperature of 20-25°C. Moderate drying temperature, what provide a new energy-saving complex, reduces seed injury by thermal cracking, which is from 2 to 5%. Sowing qualities and yield properties of corn seeds dried in the new complex were at the control level, and in some cases exceeded it. Thanks to the use of a new method of drying, you can completely abandon the expensive traditional fuel, while offering high technological properties and seed quality.
Abstract: Drying corn, especially seeds in cobs, requires much higher energy consumption compared to other cereals. Therefore, there is a need to find and study new methods of energy saving. Our work’s objective was: to analyze energy-saving methods of drying corn seeds in chamber corn dryers; to investigate the effect of a new corn cobs drying method on the...
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Effect of Fermented Kepok Banana Corm Inclusion in the Diet on the Nutrient Digestibility and Mineral Ca and P Retention of Growing Pigs
Sabarta Sembiring,
Pratiwi Trisunuwati,
Osfar Sjofjan,
Irfan Djunaidi
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
7-12
Received:
17 December 2020
Accepted:
28 December 2020
Published:
12 January 2021
Abstract: Sixteen crossbred growing pigs Duroc x Landrace, (10 weeks of age; initial body weight 27 ± 3.92 kg) were allotted into four treatments in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of inclusion of fermented kepok banana corm (FKBC) in the diet on the nutrient digestibility and mineral Ca and P retention of growing pigs. There were four treatments diets offered: basal diets without FKBC (R0); basal diets + 7% FKBC (R1); basal diets + 14% FKBC (R2); basal diets + 21% FKBC (R3). Results of the study showed that inclusion of 21% FKBC in the diet of pigs significantly reduced (P <0.01) dry matter intake compared to the control diet. There were no significant difference between 14% and 21% FKBC on the intake and digestibility of dry matter of the pigs. However, inclusion of FKBC at the level of 7% showed the optimum digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, and energy with the average value of 66.57%, 83.43% and 70.76%, respectively. In addition, mineral consumption and retention of Ca and P were 14.30 and 9.10 g/day, respectively with the value of mineral retention both Ca and P were 11.90 and 7.50 g/day, respectively. It can be concluded that inclusion of FKBC at the level of 7% increased dry matter digestibility and energy.
Abstract: Sixteen crossbred growing pigs Duroc x Landrace, (10 weeks of age; initial body weight 27 ± 3.92 kg) were allotted into four treatments in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of inclusion of fermented kepok banana corm (FKBC) in the diet on the nutrient digestibility and mineral Ca and P retention of growing pigs. There were four trea...
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Grain Production of the Winter Barley Under Growingin the Condititions of the Climatic Changes
Natalia Zavalypich,
Anatoliy Cherenkov,
Mykola Solodushko
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
13-19
Received:
23 December 2020
Accepted:
30 December 2020
Published:
12 January 2021
Abstract: In conditions of deficient and unstable moistening studying of growing and development winter barley plants in period of autumn vegetation and at the time of formation stability of winter plants under adverse weather conditions of winter has obtained important meaning as it had influence on yield. Aim of the researches was studying influence agro-technical ways of growing on winter barley production in conditions of northern Steepe of Ukraine. According to the results of three-year field researches (2016-2019 years) it was cleared up influence of sowing date, norms of seed sowing on plant production of barley after a precursor – sunflower. It is established on average during the years of researches, morphological-biological indexes of winter barley plants differed substantially depending on hydro-technical conditions in autumn period of vegetation. Barley plants with early date of sowing (September, 20) formed more vegetative mass since 17,8 till 18,7g depending on norms of seed sowing, number of sprouts 3,2 – 3,7 pieces and a nodal roots 2,4 – 3,1 pieces. Displacement sowing date for each 10 days from early to later ones led to lessening all indexes. In dependence on state of a plant during cessation of autumn vegetation and weather conditions in winter period (2016-2019 years), survival rate of plants varied within 93 – 98%. Sowing on September, 30 and October, 10 provided the highest level of survival rate and was – 96 – 98%. In phase of whole ripeness of seeds after sowing on September, 30 winter barley plants formed bigger production while after early (September, 20) and late (October, 20) date of sowing average yield by years depending on seed sowing reduced to 1,5 and 2,3 t/ha accordingly.
Abstract: In conditions of deficient and unstable moistening studying of growing and development winter barley plants in period of autumn vegetation and at the time of formation stability of winter plants under adverse weather conditions of winter has obtained important meaning as it had influence on yield. Aim of the researches was studying influence agro-t...
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Ecophylogeography of Cassava Mosaic Disease Viruses Reveals a Distribution Linked to the Agro-ecosystems of Yangambi Region in Democratic Republic of Congo
Monde Godefroid,
Walangululu Jean,
Winter Stephan,
Bragard Claude
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
20-28
Received:
26 December 2020
Accepted:
7 January 2021
Published:
15 January 2021
Abstract: A molecular epidemiology study of cassava mosaic begomoviruses was conducted in Yangambi (DRCongo). 120 cassava fields were investigated in 150 Km circle around the Agricultural Research Centre of Yangambi in various agro-ecosystems. Fields incidence and severity of CMD were scored, and whiteflies population counted per plant. 140 Cassava leaves samples, up to 100 weeds (Fabaceae) supposed to be alternate hosts of CMBs and 132 adults whiteflies were collected in cassava fields for molecular analysis. Targeted genes by PCR using specific primers were AC2 and AC4, which are the genes implied in the suppression of cassava mechanism of defence. Phylogeographical analysis of results showed that the virus distribution is linked to the agro-ecosystems. Moderate ACMV and EACMV-UG isolates associated with mild symptoms grouped in separate clusters based on a phylogenetic analysis of genes AC2 & AC4. They were found in spatial discontinuous cassava cropping ecosystem lying in evergreen humid forest, and to a lesser extent, in permanent flood land and the deciduous high forest, where cassava crop is less intensive (disease severity 2.53±0.55). In the more intensively cropped areas around cities and villages and the neighbouring secondary forest, the severe isolates were limited to spatial continuous cropping systems (disease severity 3.78±0.50). Such results were also correlated with the mean number of whitefly per leaf or the incidence of disease. EACMV-UG isolates spread in the different ecosystems suggest multiple introductions of virus. Our study focused on the potential contribution of forest plants species diversity to mitigate the effect of CMD. The results showed also that CMD viruses are widely spread throughout the investigated area. Dual infection was common both in cassava (66%) and in whiteflies vectors (59%). The EACMV-UGSer was predominant, in relationship with highly infested fields.
Abstract: A molecular epidemiology study of cassava mosaic begomoviruses was conducted in Yangambi (DRCongo). 120 cassava fields were investigated in 150 Km circle around the Agricultural Research Centre of Yangambi in various agro-ecosystems. Fields incidence and severity of CMD were scored, and whiteflies population counted per plant. 140 Cassava leaves sa...
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GxE Interactions Analysis of Wheat Genotypes Evaluated Under Peninsular Zone of the Country by AMMI Model
Ajay Verma,
Gyanendra Pratap Singh
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
29-36
Received:
7 December 2020
Accepted:
31 December 2020
Published:
30 January 2021
Abstract: AMMI analysis of wheat genotypes had highlighted significant effects of environments, interactions and genotypes for the 2017-18 and 2018-19. Number of adaptability measures had been studied as per utilization of number of significant interaction principal components (IPCs). Total of interaction variations exploited by Type-1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 measures were 45.5%, 66.3%, 75.9% & 88.4% respectively. Type-1 measures EV1, D1, ASTAB1 identified (G7, G6, G12) genotypes while SIPC1 selected (G14, G17, G2). EV2, D2, ASTAB2, ASV and ASV1 measures found (G7, G6, G4) as desirable genotypes. Analytic measures based on all significant IPCA’s i.e. MASV and MASV1 settled for G6, G7, and G3. Adaptability measures GAI, HM, PRVG & MHPRVG observed G13, G4, and G12 genotypes would be of stable adaptations. Biplot analysis seen largest cluster comprised D3, D5, EV2, EV3, EV5, ASTAB3, ASTAB5, MASV1, MASV and Standard deviation measures. Genotypes were ranked G9, G11, and G6 by values of EV1, D1 & ASTAB1 for second year of study. D2, ASV, ASV1, EV2 & ASTAB2 observed (G9, G6, and G11) as adaptable genotypes. MASV & MASV1 measures also supported G9, G6, G11 genotypes for the considered locations of the zone. Studied measures were clustered in three groups in graphical analysis. Three clusters were observed among studied measures by biplot analysis. Measures EV1, EV2, EV3, D1, D2, D3, ASV, ASV1, MASV, MASV1, ASTAB1, and ASTAB2 & ASTAB3 formed largest cluster.
Abstract: AMMI analysis of wheat genotypes had highlighted significant effects of environments, interactions and genotypes for the 2017-18 and 2018-19. Number of adaptability measures had been studied as per utilization of number of significant interaction principal components (IPCs). Total of interaction variations exploited by Type-1, 2, 3, 4 & 5 measures ...
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Association and Principal Component Analyses of Eating Quality Traits of 141 Japonica Rice Cultivars in China
Lixia Zhang,
Ying Yan,
Zejun Hu,
Kai Wang,
Liming Cao,
Shujun Wu
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
37-41
Received:
5 January 2021
Accepted:
19 January 2021
Published:
30 January 2021
Abstract: Eating quality is the important trait of rice, and rice breeders also employ eating quality in breeding selection for advanced generations. Therefore, to better understand the factors affecting the eating quality of japonica rice in China, the physicochemical indices [apparent amylose content (AAC), gel consistency (GC), protein content (PC), and gelatinization temperature (GT)], rapid visco analyzer parameters, and cooked rice taste values of 141 rice cultivars were analyzed. The rice cultivars were divided into low, medium, and total AAC groups. Association and principal component analyses of these indices were performed. In total AAC rice, cooked rice taste value showed a significant negative correlation with AAC, final viscosity (CPV), setback viscosity (SBV), consistence viscosity (CSV), and a positive correlation with GC, peak viscosity (PKV), holding strength (HPV), and breakdown viscosity (BDV). PC showed a significant negative correlation with cooked rice taste value in low, medium, and total AAC rice. For both low and medium AAC rice, the factor load matrix of PC and cooked rice taste value in factor 1 was remarkably higher than that of the other indices, indicating that PC was the most important factor for the eating quality of low and medium AAC rice. For total AAC rice, the factor load matrix of AAC, GC, and cooked rice taste value in factor 1 was remarkably higher than that of the other indices, indicating that AAC and GC were important factors for the eating quality of different type rice cultivars. The results showed that AAC and GC were more important for the eating quality of different type rice cultivars, while PC was more important for the eating quality of similar type rice cultivars. Our findings offer new insight into target traits in breeding rice with high eating quality.
Abstract: Eating quality is the important trait of rice, and rice breeders also employ eating quality in breeding selection for advanced generations. Therefore, to better understand the factors affecting the eating quality of japonica rice in China, the physicochemical indices [apparent amylose content (AAC), gel consistency (GC), protein content (PC), and g...
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Differentials in Usage of Information and Communication Devices Among Extension Agents: A Study on North-Western Zone, Nigeria
Fadiji Taiye Oduntan,
Sennuga Samson Olayemi,
Angba Augustine Oko
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, January 2021
Pages:
42-48
Received:
18 January 2021
Accepted:
25 January 2021
Published:
10 February 2021
Abstract: The awareness and the extent of usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) components by Village Extension Agents (VEAs), in three selected States Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) of Nigeria, were investigated. Two hundred and four (204) VEAs were sampled as respondents for the study. With aid of simple statistical tools (average, cumulative and percentages), and the analysis of the results indicate that the level of awareness of ICTs among the respondents (VEAs) was quite high especially on radio (99%), GSM phones (96%); and television (93%). On the contrary, the level of awareness was low on fax (68%) and Personal Digital Assistant (PDAs) (69%). It was also noted that the following devices were highly used by the respondents; GSM phones, radio, cassette recorder, television, CD/DVD player and VHS Video player. Unfortunately, the respondents recorded least ICT usage on fax and PDAs. It was recommended that both awareness and usage of available ICT formats should be intensified among VEAs so as to optimize their usage in the effective performance on the job.
Abstract: The awareness and the extent of usage of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) components by Village Extension Agents (VEAs), in three selected States Agricultural Development Projects (ADPs) of Nigeria, were investigated. Two hundred and four (204) VEAs were sampled as respondents for the study. With aid of simple statistical tools (avera...
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