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Appraisal of the Theoretical, Contextual and Methodological Elements of Operation Research Society for East Africa (ORSEA) Journal Articles (2011-2017)
Sumaya Kagoya,
Dev Jani,
Tinali Gerald Paga
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
212-216
Received:
12 August 2020
Accepted:
31 August 2020
Published:
4 November 2020
Abstract: Indubitably, for operational research journals articles are meant to entail content to do with Operations research models, theories and fields. This provides organisations and companies with best optimization solutions so as to achieve a competitive age among other benefits. This article aimed appraising the content of the ORSEA Journal articles (2011-2017) to deduce the theoretical, philosophical, methodological, and contextual aspects used in operations research. Using a matrix designed specifically for the study, content analysis was applied and utilised in analysing fifty (50) articles. 21 used theories, 14 developed and used models that emanated from theoretical frameworks and 15 articles which had neither theories nor models. 38 articles used quantitative methods, 6 qualitative approach and 6 mixed methods. Findings revealed that the theoretical contributions of the articles in the context of OR in East Africa are questionable; implying that most of the theories derived in other context can be totally adopted in East Africa which is far from the truth. In addition to the above, the over reliance on positivism and deductive approaches dominant in the ORSEA Journal articles can be complimented with more Interpretivism and inductive approaches that might generate mid-range contextual theories and models.
Abstract: Indubitably, for operational research journals articles are meant to entail content to do with Operations research models, theories and fields. This provides organisations and companies with best optimization solutions so as to achieve a competitive age among other benefits. This article aimed appraising the content of the ORSEA Journal articles (2...
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COVID-19 Challenges, Opportunities and Lessons for Developing Economies
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
217-222
Received:
12 August 2020
Accepted:
31 August 2020
Published:
4 November 2020
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the Covid -19 challenges, opportunities and lessons for developing countries particularly Uganda. This is motivated by the covid -19 epidemic, which was first reported on 27 December 2019 in China- in the capital city of Wuhan, in Hubei province. This pandemic of covid- 19 began to spread like bush fire and affected mostly at first European nations of Italy, United Kingdom, German France, and United States of America (leading currently). The pandemic later in early March 2020 spread in Africa, which abruptly left them with no choice other than closure of their borders, implementation of WHO guidelines on covid 19. There was abrupt lockdown of sectors, which started from education to the rest, a part from the health sector to cater for the patients in many countries including Uganda and excluding Tanzania. This study utilized qualitative method; narrative approach and narrative data analysis were used from personal perspective point of view. Findings revealed that although covid 19 had challenges, it come along with opportunities and developing countries have been availed with plentiful lessons to learn to be able to cope up with post covid 19 as they pull up from the yelped and winced economies and attain sustainable development. This paper has limitations, implications and recommendations as detailed in the paper.
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine the Covid -19 challenges, opportunities and lessons for developing countries particularly Uganda. This is motivated by the covid -19 epidemic, which was first reported on 27 December 2019 in China- in the capital city of Wuhan, in Hubei province. This pandemic of covid- 19 began to spread like bush fire and a...
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PhD OR Is a Necessary Evil for Developing Economies Like EAC: A Personal Perspective
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
223-232
Received:
12 August 2020
Accepted:
1 September 2020
Published:
4 November 2020
Abstract: Irrefutably, PhD in operations research program is suggested to be the best approach to solve developing countries long term and persistent problems which require real time solutions and these are mostly applicable in OR. It should be recalled that PhD OR entails content to do with Operations research models, theories and related fields. This provides organisations or companies with best optimization solutions to achieve a competitive age among other benefits provided by the experts (operation researchers/management scientists/operation managers). This paper aimed at providing insights and awareness of the existence of PhD OR offered at UDBS under ORSEA, its meaning, benefits, relevance and applications as a marketing strategy to the potential students from developing economies like East Africa. Using interpretive- inductive design, narrative approach to qualitative method was employed to gather data from personal experience as a stakeholder and pioneer of PhD OR program at UDBS, content analysis was employed to analyse the collected data. The findings, ought to increase on the student intake which has been very low visa v the many resources which are needed during the facilitation of the program. This will also increase on the future OR experts to solve the community real problems. This paper has practical implications to all policy makers and all stakeholders of the program plus future academia. The recommendations will assist top managers to embark of meaningful and aggressive marketing strategies to attract the potential students to join the program.
Abstract: Irrefutably, PhD in operations research program is suggested to be the best approach to solve developing countries long term and persistent problems which require real time solutions and these are mostly applicable in OR. It should be recalled that PhD OR entails content to do with Operations research models, theories and related fields. This provi...
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The Use of Digital Transformation to Address Education Challenges Caused by COVID-19 in Developing Countries
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
233-240
Received:
12 August 2020
Accepted:
31 August 2020
Published:
4 November 2020
Abstract: The abrupt coming of Covid-19 has been drastically altered the way the whole world is conducting all its sectors. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of digital transformation to address education Covid-19 challenges, bringing digital opportunities and lessons to developing countries particularly Uganda and Tanzania. This is motivated by the massive challenges, which the education sector in developing nations like Uganda and Tanzania is facing due to covid-19 pandemic outbreak, where students have not be learning since the outbreak in March 2020, hence affecting their normal progress, among other costs. It should be recalled that, the pandemic was first reported on 27 December 2019 in China- in the capital city of Wuhan, in Hubei province [31]. It immediately spread like bush fire and affected mostly at first European nations of Italy, United Kingdom, German France, and United States of America (leading currently). The pandemic later in early March 2020 spread in Africa, which abruptly left them with no choice other than closure of their borders, implementation of WHO guidelines on covid- 19. There was abrupt closure of sectors, which started from education to the rest, apart from the health sector to cater for the patients in many countries including Uganda and Tanzania. This study utilized qualitative method; narrative approach and literature review method, and narrative data analysis and contentment analysis were used. Findings revealed that the use of digital transformation in the education sector has numerous benefits and if embraced fully, it will address the key challenges faced by the education sectors of Uganda and Tanzania as developing countries. The study also revealed that Covid- 19 has increased the use of digital transformation in home personal learning among students who were prior facing a challenge of technophobia and had resorted to brick and mortar learning. The study recommends the adoption and implementation of the proposed of digital transformation framework in education sector to attain UNDP goals, UN sustainable development goals and equip the young generation with digital skills which will eventually reduce poverty via creative and innovative digital online jobs, hence narrowing the digital gap between MDCs and LDCs. This study has limitations, implications and recommendations as detailed in the paper.
Abstract: The abrupt coming of Covid-19 has been drastically altered the way the whole world is conducting all its sectors. The purpose of this study is to examine the use of digital transformation to address education Covid-19 challenges, bringing digital opportunities and lessons to developing countries particularly Uganda and Tanzania. This is motivated b...
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Africa’s Political Environment and the Challenge of Underdevelopment
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
241-252
Received:
19 June 2020
Accepted:
22 August 2020
Published:
27 November 2020
Abstract: Over the last sixty years the principal agency of underdevelopment of Africa has been the international capitalist countries. Before the advent of the Europeans in Africa, the continent had robust economic, social and political structures because it was endowed with numerous inexhaustible both human and natural resources. These were seriously disrupted by the colonialists in the course of creating wealth for themselves through the means of exploitation. It is imperative to assert that the debate on the unprecedented political decay created by African political elite (the agents of colonialists) in power has dominated the political discourse among scholars from the region. Africa’s environment has been shrouded in political violence, poor electoral system, incessant military intervention, ethnic/tribal segregation and unity in diversity, rising political cleavages resulting from multi-party system, bad political culture, corruption, alienation of African women from politics, greed and sit-back leadership, dictatorship, foreign influence, religious diversity, administrative mediocrity, secession threat resulting from marginalization of minority, and bad governance. The political instability in the sub-Saharan African States has been the function of political environment, manifesting itself as a chronic symptom of the underdevelopment of political life within the imperialist context. Political environment in the sub-Saharan African States can be explained based on the legacy of political authoritarianism inherited from the colonialists, a factor which resulted to political conflicts, instability and dictatorship. The political authoritarianism of the colonial states is a direct source of the authoritarianism that has plagued Africa. Colonialism created and shaped identities and cleavages in dysfunctional way as political centralization involves one clan dominating another. The conjunctivitis created by the underdevelopment trajectories has called for in-depth investigation into Africa’s underdevelopment in the light of political advancement of the ‘Asian Tiger’ so that efforts towards experiencing political environment with high propensity of political advancement in the sub-Saharan African States could be attained. The study intended to apply the theories of modernisation and dependency to explain Africa’s underdevelopment. Qualitative method will be utilised in the study.
Abstract: Over the last sixty years the principal agency of underdevelopment of Africa has been the international capitalist countries. Before the advent of the Europeans in Africa, the continent had robust economic, social and political structures because it was endowed with numerous inexhaustible both human and natural resources. These were seriously disru...
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Methods of Measuring Quality of Life: Theoretical Aspects and Empirical Evidence from Older Persons at Rajshahi City in Bangladesh
Masud Karim,
Md. Nuruzzaman Haque,
Md. Abdul Goni,
Md. Nure Alam Siddiqi,
Md. Mehedi Hasan
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
253-264
Received:
24 October 2020
Accepted:
11 November 2020
Published:
4 December 2020
Abstract: Bangladesh has become an ageing society and is going to increase her older persons. Health condition, quality of life (QOL) and physical functioning are worsen as people age. Due to increasing life expectancies, enhancement of medical and health facilities, modernization, Bangladesh, recently, experiencing the rapid change in demographic transition, as well as the most common challenge, population ageing. This paper presents an organizing framework that assists researchers in the design and validation of formative and reflective measurement models for assessing QOL of older persons. The framework draws from the extant literature, includes both theoretical and empirical considerations, and is illustrated through empirical example for measuring QOL of older persons using data from a project entitled “Quality of Life and Active Ageing of Older persons at Rajshahi City in Bangladesh” conducted at the Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi. This example concern constructs that is fundamental to theory-building in this discipline, and most of the scholars used formative model. In contrast, application of the framework to this example suggests that a reflective measurement model may be more appropriate. These results reinforce the need to justify, both theoretically and empirically, the choice of measurement model for measuring subjective QOL.
Abstract: Bangladesh has become an ageing society and is going to increase her older persons. Health condition, quality of life (QOL) and physical functioning are worsen as people age. Due to increasing life expectancies, enhancement of medical and health facilities, modernization, Bangladesh, recently, experiencing the rapid change in demographic transition...
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Impact of Defective Investigation and Prosecution on Trial
Muhammad Arif Rajput,
Muhammad Riaz Rajput
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2020
Pages:
265-268
Received:
1 December 2020
Accepted:
14 December 2020
Published:
22 December 2020
Abstract: There is rising impression in the Pakistan that the accused get scot free from the Courts. This impression is not in vacuum. There are factors contributing to it. This impression finds support too from the low conviction rate in our country. In Pakistan, the conviction rate is 8.66%, while the conviction rate in India is 37.4%, in England (Crown Court) 90%, and in Japan, it is 99.9%. These figures tend to show that in Pakistan, the Justice prevails, when 91% of the accused persons, after facing the agony of trial, are acquitted by the courts. It not only encourages a criminal to dare repeat the crime, but also results in loss of faith of the victim, his family and society at large, over the Criminal Justice System of Pakistan. The low conviction rate is directly proportional to the wrongs committed during investigation, and indirectly with defective prosecution in Pakistan. However, blaming the courts for acquittal of the accused is not justifiable. The courts are deciding the cases on basis of whatever evidence and material is produced before them, which is collected by the investigating agencies. The courts are not meant for recording convictions only, but for the dispensation of even-handed justice. If the investigation is defective, the prosecution is lethargic, if there is scanty evidence, if witnesses turn hostile, whether the court is left with any other option except to give accused the benefit of doubt. The law requires proof beyond any reasonable doubt. This probative value of high degree is not possible unless the evidence is collected by the agency without leaving anything unturned. Given this backdrop, in this article, we have tried to discuss the impact of defective investigation and defective prosecution on trial. The article is also aimed at finding out as to what can be done for improving the current situation. The conclusion would show that the courts cannot be blamed for low conviction rate when the police, prosecutors and executive authorities fail to discharge their duty.
Abstract: There is rising impression in the Pakistan that the accused get scot free from the Courts. This impression is not in vacuum. There are factors contributing to it. This impression finds support too from the low conviction rate in our country. In Pakistan, the conviction rate is 8.66%, while the conviction rate in India is 37.4%, in England (Crown Co...
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