Concentrations and Human Health Risk Assessment of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb via Eating White Granulated Garri Produced in Nigeria
Pereware Adowei,
Elvis Ebenezer,
Douye Markmanuel
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
77-85
Received:
6 October 2019
Accepted:
6 November 2019
Published:
6 July 2020
Abstract: White granulated garri, an extensively consumed foodstuff in Nigeria made from fermented cassava tubers has recorded little studies on its heavy metals content. The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb in commercial white granulated garri commonly sold in three major markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria were established using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) after microwave-assisted acid digestion. The mean concentrations (x ̅±SD,in mg/kg on dry-weight basis) of heavy metals in garri samples were Cd: 0.021 ± 0.005, Co: 0.027 ± 0.004, Cr: 2.50 ± 0.047, Ni: 0.849 ± 0.021, and Pb: 0.522 ± 0.039 respectively. A food frequency questionnaire-based (FFQ) survey on dietary consumption rates of garri as a source of carbohydrate among consumers and marketers showed that garri accounted for ˃ 97.5% of total carbohydrate consumed in Nigeria. Statistical evaluation of the data by one-way analysis of variance discloses noteworthy differences of metal contents for Cd, Co, Ni and Pb in garri from the study area with the exception of Cr. The mean daily intake of metals (mg/person/day) from garri consumption using dietary modelling was found to be Cd: 1.49 x 10-4, Co: 1.34 x 10-5, Cr: 1.24 x 10-2, Ni: 4.23 x 10-3 and Pb: 2.60 x 10-3 respectively. These values are lower than the upper tolerable daily intake limits for heavy metals in food. The target hazard quotients (THQ), health risk index (HRI) and lifetime cancer risk (CR) for Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb indicate that, the probable human health risk associated with consumption of garri for the target population is moderately low at the moment. However, modest consumption rate of the product is recommended due to potential bioaccumulation of heavy metals found in garri.
Abstract: White granulated garri, an extensively consumed foodstuff in Nigeria made from fermented cassava tubers has recorded little studies on its heavy metals content. The concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Ni and Pb in commercial white granulated garri commonly sold in three major markets in Port Harcourt, Nigeria were established using Inductively Coupled Pl...
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Application of Remote Sensing for Impacts Assessment of Petroleum Activities and Facilities in Bongor Basin, Chad Republic
Samba Koukouare Prosper,
Dorim Ngarbaroum,
Ewodo Mboudou Guillaume,
Djim-Assal Datoloum,
Danwe Raindandi
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 4, August 2020
Pages:
86-96
Received:
14 August 2020
Accepted:
26 August 2020
Published:
3 September 2020
Abstract: The objective of this study is to compare various changes of ecological parameters within time period prior petroleum activities and after facilities establishment in Bongor basin. Analysis of landsat 7 images from March 24 to April 5, 2000 and that of landsat 8 from February 13, 2015, before and after oil operations respectively, made it possible to extract four biophysical indices, namely: brightness index of soil, moisture index, greenness index and vegetation index. Maps of land use, hydrology and pedology were established from the analysis of multispectral parameters variations. Significant variations between two study periods were then evaluated to be either increasing, declining or stable over the entire Bongor basin and in the areas of the basin under operations. It appears that, shrub savanna has declined by 15.75% over the entire Bongor basin and by 18.90% in the areas of oil operations in Bongor basin. Floodplain and the water body have also declined by 1.59% and 0.0007% respectively over the whole Bongor basin and loss of paddy field. Agricultural area has increased by 15.15% in Bongor basin and by 14.40% in the operations area of Bongor basin, with industrial area occupying 4.49% and the expansion of urbanized area of 0.01%. Silting up of flood zone over the entire Bongor basin has increased by 0.35%. Areas under oil operations, illustrate impacts of activities on soil, trees and groundwater.
Abstract: The objective of this study is to compare various changes of ecological parameters within time period prior petroleum activities and after facilities establishment in Bongor basin. Analysis of landsat 7 images from March 24 to April 5, 2000 and that of landsat 8 from February 13, 2015, before and after oil operations respectively, made it possible ...
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