Golden Apple Snail Shell (Pomacea canaliculata) as Prospective Agent in Absorbing Lead (pb) in Water
Patricia Leslie Juneva E. Basigsig,
John Edward E. Makiling,
Chris Jasmine T. Niog,
Nicole B. Sarmiento,
Shirlamaine Irina G. Masangcay
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
1-4
Received:
17 December 2018
Accepted:
2 January 2019
Published:
28 January 2019
Abstract: Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) are considered to be highly intoxicating pollutants in water. This is a primary concern for developed countries like the Philippines since it creates a substantial impact on the environment and health. Absorption of these heavy metals has only been of limited use because it undergoes methods which are expensive. This research focuses on determining the probability of Golden Apple Snail (GAS) shells (Pomacea canaliculata) as a cost-effective treatment in absorbing heavy metal Lead (Pb) in water. A new chelating agent has been prepared by pulverizing GAS shells and weighing them as 20g per treatment, two factors are observed in the study: agitation time of 6, 12 and 18 hours and varying concentrations of 50, 100, and 150 ppm. The absorptive capacity of the bio-absorbent was measured and quantified using the Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (FLAAS) as well as the residue of the Lead (Pb) in the solution. The result of the analysis shows that the absorptive capacity of GAS shells are at 99.86% with the absorption capacity in regards of concentration are at 99.97% and with agitation time 99.96%. Furthermore, results show that Sample Ca2, having 50 ppm concentration being treated for 18 hours rendered a 100% absorption of the heavy metal in the solution. It can, therefore, be concluded that GAS shell is a promising chelating agent in absorbing Lead (Pb).
Abstract: Heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), and mercury (Hg) are considered to be highly intoxicating pollutants in water. This is a primary concern for developed countries like the Philippines since it creates a substantial impact on the environment and health. Absorption of these heavy metals has only been of limited use because ...
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The Investigation of the Primary Corrosiveness of Crude Oils
Suresh Aluvihara,
Jagath K. Premachandra
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
10-17
Received:
18 December 2018
Accepted:
11 March 2019
Published:
25 March 2019
Abstract: Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with some kinds of trace compounds including corrosive causing compounds. Corrosion is a severe consequence regarding the industry of crude oil refining. The scope of this research was to investigate the contributions of corrosive properties of both Murban and Das Blend crude oils on the corrosion rates of seven different types of ferrous metals which are obligatory in the crude oil refining industry. The sulfur contents, Mercaptans contents, organic acid contents and salt contents of both crude oils were tested by following the standard methodologies and recommended instruments. The elemental composition of each metal coupon was tested by the XRF detector. A batch of similar sized metal coupons was prepared and those metal coupons were immersed separately in both crude oils in homogeneous way. After 15, 30 and 45 days from the immersion the corrosion rates of each type of metal were determined by the relative weight loss method with the aid of a microscopic analysis. The decayed ferrous and copper concentrations in crude oil samples were tested by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and the variations of the initial hardness of such metal coupons due to the corrosion were tested as confirmation stages of the formation of the corrosion. There were found some relatively lower corrosion rates from stainless steels with respect to both crude oils among other metals, higher corrosive impact from salts formations of FeS, Fe2O3 and some different trace compounds, higher ferrous and copper concentrations in some of crude oil samples and slight reductions of the initial hardness of most of metal coupons due to the corrosion as the foremost results of the existing research.
Abstract: Crude oil is a mixture of hydrocarbons with some kinds of trace compounds including corrosive causing compounds. Corrosion is a severe consequence regarding the industry of crude oil refining. The scope of this research was to investigate the contributions of corrosive properties of both Murban and Das Blend crude oils on the corrosion rates of sev...
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Recent Advances in Several Organic Reaction Mechanisms
Francisco Sánchez-Viesca,
Martha Berros,
Reina Gómez
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 1, March 2019
Pages:
18-26
Received:
7 February 2019
Accepted:
18 March 2019
Published:
13 April 2019
Abstract: This Review is a brief account of our theoretical contributions in seven research communications in the field of reaction mechanisms. Some mechanisms were corrected as in the case of the Baeyer-Drewsen indigo synthesis. When two very different reaction mechanisms had been proposed, as in the Clemmensen Reduction, a unified theory was provided. In other cases there were no reaction mechanisms at all, as in the Baeyer-Emmerling synthesis of indigo and in the Froehde Reaction for opioids. This deficit has been solved. The reaction that controls fructosazone regiochemistry has been described, and an internal process in a mixed osazone formation has been explained. All the proposals are based on well known reactivities and we provide complete and coherent reaction series with commented steps.
Abstract: This Review is a brief account of our theoretical contributions in seven research communications in the field of reaction mechanisms. Some mechanisms were corrected as in the case of the Baeyer-Drewsen indigo synthesis. When two very different reaction mechanisms had been proposed, as in the Clemmensen Reduction, a unified theory was provided. In o...
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