The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria

Ikpong Sunday Umo; Angela Iweka Enwereuzor

doi:doi:10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13

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The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria

Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor

Published in Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 10, Issue 3)

Received: 24 May 2021 Accepted: 7 June 2021 Published: 22 June 2021

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Abstract

The upsurge pressure from natural and anthropogenic agents at the Kwa Iboe River ecology necessitates the exploration of the association of area morphology and particulate matters’ distributions with a view to developing sound policy for the protection and sustainability of its heritage. This study uses direct field survey and laboratory techniques. The area morphology of the Kwa Iboe River Basin (KIRB) was delineated using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission on a 30 meter resolution for the determination its size. Using stratified and systematic sampling methods, eight sampled sub-units comprising one first-order stream, six fourth order tributaries, and the estuary were selected. A set of core bedload samples were collected along each transect during the months of November (2017), February (2018), and July (2018); homogenized, treated, and analyzed to ensure standard compliance to the National Research Laboratory Umudike. Data generated were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results showed the dominant of mean sand fraction across seasons and sub-basins. A linear regression model of the influence of area morphology on the distributions of particulate matters generated a high coefficient of 0.954 that explained 90.9 percent of the total variance. The analysis of variance test of the influence at 0.05 confidence level showed that variations in area morphology have no significant influence on particulate matters’ (sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and organic carbon) distributions in KIRB. The study recommended (i) strict implementation of the basin management plans to avert natural and anthropogenic activities that accelerate siltation and drying of Kwa Iboe River tributaries, losses of terrestrial habitats, and pollution of surface water. (ii) Enforcement of existing laws to facilitate stringent control of human exploitative excesses with obvious negative implications on the KIRB ecology in this post-modern age.

Published in	Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science (Volume 10, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13
Page(s)	43-50
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Area Morphology, Kwa Iboe Ecology, Particulate Matters, Eco-geomorphologic Units, River Restoration

References

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[2]	Ezemonye Mary N., Umo Ikpong Sunday, Ike, Ojinma Chux Chukwuma and Enwereuzor, Angela Iweka. Geomorphometric parameters of Ikpa River and its implications for the planning of fluvial hazards in the Northeast of Akwa Ibom State. Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 11 (1), 2017, 1–12. Accessed online on 17/1/2018 from http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/JGEESI/2017/34674
[3]	Umo Ikpong Sunday, Ezemonye Mary N., Ike, Mbaeri Chris, and Ojinma Chux Chukwuma. Dimensional basin morphometry and discharge in the Coastal Plains Sands of Ikpa River, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, 13 (3), 2018, 1-13. Available http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/JGEESI/2017/38699
[4]	Farhan Y., Elmaji I. and Khalil O. GIS-Based morphometric analysis of fourth- order sub-basins of the Zerqa River (Jordan) using multivariate statistical techniques. Natural Resources, 7, 2016, 461-480. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/nr.2016.78040
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[15]	Elhabab A. A. A., Adsani I. Geochemical and mineralogical characters of the coastal plain sediments of the Arabian Gulf, Kuwait. Journal Geology and Geosciences, 3, 2013, 137 - 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2329-6755.100013
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APA Style

Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. (2021). The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 10(3), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13

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ACS Style

Ikpong Sunday Umo; Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2021, 10(3), 43-50. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13

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AMA Style

Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2021;10(3):43-50. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13,
  author = {Ikpong Sunday Umo and Angela Iweka Enwereuzor},
  title = {The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {43-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20211003.13},
  abstract = {The upsurge pressure from natural and anthropogenic agents at the Kwa Iboe River ecology necessitates the exploration of the association of area morphology and particulate matters’ distributions with a view to developing sound policy for the protection and sustainability of its heritage. This study uses direct field survey and laboratory techniques. The area morphology of the Kwa Iboe River Basin (KIRB) was delineated using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission on a 30 meter resolution for the determination its size. Using stratified and systematic sampling methods, eight sampled sub-units comprising one first-order stream, six fourth order tributaries, and the estuary were selected. A set of core bedload samples were collected along each transect during the months of November (2017), February (2018), and July (2018); homogenized, treated, and analyzed to ensure standard compliance to the National Research Laboratory Umudike. Data generated were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results showed the dominant of mean sand fraction across seasons and sub-basins. A linear regression model of the influence of area morphology on the distributions of particulate matters generated a high coefficient of 0.954 that explained 90.9 percent of the total variance. The analysis of variance test of the influence at 0.05 confidence level showed that variations in area morphology have no significant influence on particulate matters’ (sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and organic carbon) distributions in KIRB. The study recommended (i) strict implementation of the basin management plans to avert natural and anthropogenic activities that accelerate siltation and drying of Kwa Iboe River tributaries, losses of terrestrial habitats, and pollution of surface water. (ii) Enforcement of existing laws to facilitate stringent control of human exploitative excesses with obvious negative implications on the KIRB ecology in this post-modern age.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria
AU  - Ikpong Sunday Umo
AU  - Angela Iweka Enwereuzor
Y1  - 2021/06/22
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 43
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13
AB  - The upsurge pressure from natural and anthropogenic agents at the Kwa Iboe River ecology necessitates the exploration of the association of area morphology and particulate matters’ distributions with a view to developing sound policy for the protection and sustainability of its heritage. This study uses direct field survey and laboratory techniques. The area morphology of the Kwa Iboe River Basin (KIRB) was delineated using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission on a 30 meter resolution for the determination its size. Using stratified and systematic sampling methods, eight sampled sub-units comprising one first-order stream, six fourth order tributaries, and the estuary were selected. A set of core bedload samples were collected along each transect during the months of November (2017), February (2018), and July (2018); homogenized, treated, and analyzed to ensure standard compliance to the National Research Laboratory Umudike. Data generated were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results showed the dominant of mean sand fraction across seasons and sub-basins. A linear regression model of the influence of area morphology on the distributions of particulate matters generated a high coefficient of 0.954 that explained 90.9 percent of the total variance. The analysis of variance test of the influence at 0.05 confidence level showed that variations in area morphology have no significant influence on particulate matters’ (sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and organic carbon) distributions in KIRB. The study recommended (i) strict implementation of the basin management plans to avert natural and anthropogenic activities that accelerate siltation and drying of Kwa Iboe River tributaries, losses of terrestrial habitats, and pollution of surface water. (ii) Enforcement of existing laws to facilitate stringent control of human exploitative excesses with obvious negative implications on the KIRB ecology in this post-modern age.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ikpong Sunday Umo

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Nigeria
Angela Iweka Enwereuzor

Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Alvan Ikoku Federal College of Education, Owerri, Nigeria

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APA Style

Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. (2021). The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria. Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science, 10(3), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13

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ACS Style

Ikpong Sunday Umo; Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria. J. Water Resour. Ocean Sci. 2021, 10(3), 43-50. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13

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AMA Style

Ikpong Sunday Umo, Angela Iweka Enwereuzor. The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria. J Water Resour Ocean Sci. 2021;10(3):43-50. doi: 10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13

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@article{10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13,
  author = {Ikpong Sunday Umo and Angela Iweka Enwereuzor},
  title = {The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science},
  volume = {10},
  number = {3},
  pages = {43-50},
  doi = {10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.wros.20211003.13},
  abstract = {The upsurge pressure from natural and anthropogenic agents at the Kwa Iboe River ecology necessitates the exploration of the association of area morphology and particulate matters’ distributions with a view to developing sound policy for the protection and sustainability of its heritage. This study uses direct field survey and laboratory techniques. The area morphology of the Kwa Iboe River Basin (KIRB) was delineated using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission on a 30 meter resolution for the determination its size. Using stratified and systematic sampling methods, eight sampled sub-units comprising one first-order stream, six fourth order tributaries, and the estuary were selected. A set of core bedload samples were collected along each transect during the months of November (2017), February (2018), and July (2018); homogenized, treated, and analyzed to ensure standard compliance to the National Research Laboratory Umudike. Data generated were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results showed the dominant of mean sand fraction across seasons and sub-basins. A linear regression model of the influence of area morphology on the distributions of particulate matters generated a high coefficient of 0.954 that explained 90.9 percent of the total variance. The analysis of variance test of the influence at 0.05 confidence level showed that variations in area morphology have no significant influence on particulate matters’ (sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and organic carbon) distributions in KIRB. The study recommended (i) strict implementation of the basin management plans to avert natural and anthropogenic activities that accelerate siltation and drying of Kwa Iboe River tributaries, losses of terrestrial habitats, and pollution of surface water. (ii) Enforcement of existing laws to facilitate stringent control of human exploitative excesses with obvious negative implications on the KIRB ecology in this post-modern age.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Implications of Area Morphology and Particulate Matters’ Distributions on the Kwa Iboe River Basin Restoration, Southeastern Nigeria
AU  - Ikpong Sunday Umo
AU  - Angela Iweka Enwereuzor
Y1  - 2021/06/22
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13
T2  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JF  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
JO  - Journal of Water Resources and Ocean Science
SP  - 43
EP  - 50
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-7993
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.wros.20211003.13
AB  - The upsurge pressure from natural and anthropogenic agents at the Kwa Iboe River ecology necessitates the exploration of the association of area morphology and particulate matters’ distributions with a view to developing sound policy for the protection and sustainability of its heritage. This study uses direct field survey and laboratory techniques. The area morphology of the Kwa Iboe River Basin (KIRB) was delineated using Shuttle Radar Topography Mission on a 30 meter resolution for the determination its size. Using stratified and systematic sampling methods, eight sampled sub-units comprising one first-order stream, six fourth order tributaries, and the estuary were selected. A set of core bedload samples were collected along each transect during the months of November (2017), February (2018), and July (2018); homogenized, treated, and analyzed to ensure standard compliance to the National Research Laboratory Umudike. Data generated were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. The results showed the dominant of mean sand fraction across seasons and sub-basins. A linear regression model of the influence of area morphology on the distributions of particulate matters generated a high coefficient of 0.954 that explained 90.9 percent of the total variance. The analysis of variance test of the influence at 0.05 confidence level showed that variations in area morphology have no significant influence on particulate matters’ (sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and organic carbon) distributions in KIRB. The study recommended (i) strict implementation of the basin management plans to avert natural and anthropogenic activities that accelerate siltation and drying of Kwa Iboe River tributaries, losses of terrestrial habitats, and pollution of surface water. (ii) Enforcement of existing laws to facilitate stringent control of human exploitative excesses with obvious negative implications on the KIRB ecology in this post-modern age.
VL  - 10
IS  - 3
ER  -

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