| Peer-Reviewed

Confirmatory Factor Structure Assessment of the French Version of the Femininity Ideology Scale

Received: 1 November 2022    Accepted: 17 November 2022    Published: 29 November 2022
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Background: The literature assesses feminist ideology using multifactorial scales developed in English and validated only in a Western context on African American, Asian American, European American and Latino American samples. The most recent version of these measures is the Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS), a psychometric method that only exists in the English language and whose factorial structure has not yet been validated; hence the fact that the reliability of the data collected through it is questionable. Objective: To fill these gaps, this study validates the confirmatory factor structure of the French version of the Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) in the Cameroonian context. Method: The translation of the FIS follows the standardized “back-translation” process and maintains the initial factor structure of the original scale. The French version of the scale is validated with a sample of Cameroonian women (N = 575; Mage = 24.50 years; SD = 2.94). The statistical analysis uses a Structural Equation Model method (SEM) to test the confirmatory factors of the instrument. Result: The data collected show that the French version of the FIS is reliable and presents an acceptable confirmatory factorial structure according to the adjustment indices of the structural models (α = .80, χ2/df= 1.98, CFI = .901, RMSEA ˂ .06). Conclusion: The results show that the confirmatory factorial structure of the French version of the FIS is valid. This instrument is linked to measures of contemporary and internalized sexisms, gender based social dominance orientation and attitudes towards abuse against women.

Published in Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (Volume 11, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14
Page(s) 201-210
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Adherence to Feminist Ideology, Structural Equations, Feminist Movements, Confirmatory Validation of the Factor Structure

References
[1] Aichholzer, J., & Lechner, C. M. (2021). Refining the Short Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SSDO): A Validation in Seven European Countries. Journal of Social and Political Psychology, 9 (2), 475-489. https://doi.org/10.5964/jspp.6919
[2] Ben Hanana, E., & Houfaidi, S. (2016). People satisfaction: Validation of a measuring scale in the context of Moroccan public administrations. International Journal of Innovation and Applied Studies, 18 (4), 1056-1073. http://www.ijias.issr-journals.org/
[3] Bertrand, D. (2018). L’essor du féminisme en ligne [The rise of online feminism]. La Découverte, 2 (208-209), 232-257. DOI: 10.3917/res.208.0229.
[4] Bouvet, C., Prime, C., Camart, N., Fouques, D., & Zebdi, R. (2020). Validité discriminante de l’échelle de cognition sociale et de relation d’objet (scors, version française) pour coter les récits TAT. Comparaison entre groupes clinique et non clinique [Discriminant validity of the social cognition and object relationship scale (scors, French version) for rating TAT stories. Comparison between clinical and non-clinical groups]. Revue québécoise de psychologie, 41 (1), 45-60. https://doi.org/10.7202/1070662ar
[5] Bozkur, B. (2020). Developing internalized sexism scale for women: A validity and reliability study. International Journal of Eurasian Education and Culture, 5 (11), 1981-2028. DOI: 10.35826/ijoecc.289.
[6] Byrne, B. M. (1989). A primer of LISREL: Basic applications and programming for confirmatory factor analytic models. Springer-Verlag.
[7] Campelli, B., Schellenberg, E. G., & Charnelle, C. Y. (1997). Evaluating Measures of Contemporary Sexism. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 89-102. DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.1997.tb00102.x.
[8] Churchill, G. A. (1979). A paradigm for developing better measures or marketing constructs, Journal of Marketing Research, 16 (1), 64-73.
[9] Civelek, M. E. (2018). Essentials of Structural Equation Modeling. Zea E-Books, 64. https://digitalcommons. unl.edu/zeabook/64
[10] Cronbach, L. J., & Meehl, P. E. (1955). Construct validity in psychological tests. Psychological Bulletin, 52(4), 281-302. DOI: 10.1037/h0040957.
[11] Delphine, A. (2017). Le «féminisme de la frontière», une heuristique décoloniale [The “feminism of the border”, a decolonial heuristic]. Philosophiques, 44 (1), 123-130. DOI: 10.7202/1040333ar.
[12] Dietz, M. G. (2003). Current controversies in feminist theory. Annual Reviews of Political Science, 6, 399-431. DOI: 10.1146/annurev.polisci.6.121901.085635
[13] Ernewein, G. (2016). Émergence d’un féminisme africain dans la littérature africaine féminine postcoloniale. Étude diachronique du féminisme dans trois romans sénégalais [Emergence of African feminism in postcolonial African women's literature. Diachronic study of feminism in three Senegalese novels] [Mémoire de maîtrise ès Arts]. Concordia University.
[14] Fassinger, R. E. (1994). Development and testing of the Attitudes Toward Feminism and the Women’s Movement (FWM) Scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 18, 389-402.
[15] Ferguson, K. E. (2017). Feminist Theory Today. Annual Review of Political Science, 20, 269-86. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-polisci-052715-111648
[16] Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 48 (1), 39-50.
[17] Garofalo, C., Weller, J. A., Kirisci, L., & Reynolds, M. D. (2021). Elaborating on the longitudinal measurement invariance and construct validity of the triarchic psychopathy scales from the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire. Psychological Assessment, 33 (9), 890-903. htts://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0001023
[18] Haccoun, R. R. (2013). Comprendre et se servir de l’analyse des corrélations: la corrélation et la régression pour les sciences du comportement [Understanding and Using Correlation Analysis: Correlation and Regression for Behavioral Science] (Codex PSY6007). Université de Montréal.
[19] Houssou Gandonou, F. F. (2018). Actualités du féminisme dans les églises en Afrique de l’Ouest [News of feminism in churches in West Africa]. Les Cahiers de l’ILTP, 1-10. http://wp.unil.ch/lescahiersiltp/
[20] Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutof criteria for fi indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6 (1), 1-55.
[21] Hubner, L. A., & Pilote, A.-M. (2020). Mobilisation féministes sur Facebook et Twitter: Le cas du mouvement StopCultureDuViol au Québec [Feminist mobilization on Facebook and Twitter: The case of the StopCultureDuViol movement in Quebec]. Terminal, 123. https://doi.org/10.4000/terminal.5764
[22] International Test Commission. (2017). The ITC Guidelines for Translating and Adapting Tests (2nd ed.). www.InTestCom.org.
[23] Ion, C. (2018). Du féminisme aux féminismes [From feminism to feminisms]. Presses Universitaires de France.
[24] Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39, 31-36.
[25] Kaiser, H., & Rice, J. (1974). Little Jiffy Mark 4. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 34, 111-117.
[26] Larcher, S. (2017). «Nos vies sont politiques!» L’afro féminisme en France ou la riposte des petites-filles de l’empire [«Our lives are political!» Afro feminism in France or the response of the granddaughters of the empire]. Participations, 3 (19), 97-127.
[27] Latorre Ariño, M. (2019). Gender ideology. Revista sobre Educacióny Sociedad, 14 (1), 5-22. https://doi.org/10.35756/educaumch.v0i14.103.
[28] Lehman, P. (2000). Une étude de validité de l’échelle d’idéologie de la féminité [A validity study of the Ideology of Femininity Scale] [Thèse de maîtrise]. Florida Institute of Technology.
[29] Levant, R., Richmond, K., Cook, S., Tanner, A. H., & Aupont, M. (2007). The Femininity Ideology Scale: Factor Structure, Reliability, Convergent and Discriminant Validity, and Social Contextual Variation. Sex Roles, 57, 373-383. DOI: 10.1007/s11199-007-9258-5.
[30] McFadden, P., & Twasiima P. (2018). Dialogues féministes: situer nos idées radicales et nos énergies dans le contexte contemporain de l’Afrique [Feminist dialogues: situating our radical ideas and our energies in the contemporary context of Africa]. https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/mosambik/15501.pdf
[31] Najjar, H., & Najar, C. (2013). La méthode des équations structurelles: Principes fondamentaux et applications en marketing [The Structural Equations Method: Fundamentals and Applications in Marketing]. Monde des Util. Anal. Données, 44, 22-41.
[32] Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric Theory. McGraw-Hill Book.
[33] Roulin, J. L. (2017). Savoir, Comprendre, Apprendre. Leçons de de psychométrie [Know, Understand, Learn. lessons in psychometrics]. Université Savoie Mont Blanc. https://www.psychometrie.jlroulin.fr
[34] Roulin, J. L. (2018). Savoir, Comprendre, Apprendre. Leçons de de psychométrie (3ème édition) [Know, Understand, Learn. lessons in psychometrics (3rd edition)]. Université Savoie Mont Blanc. https://www.psychometrie.jlroulin.fr
[35] Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., Cheah, J. H., Ting, H., Moisescu, O. I., & Radomir, L. (2020). Structural model robustness checks in PLS-SEM. Tourism Economics, 26 (4), 531-554.
[36] Seiller, C. (2020). Représentation sociale du féminisme: contextes d’expression et effets de masquage [Social representation of feminism: contexts of expression and masking effects] [Mémoire de Master 2 en Psychologie Sociale et Environnementale]. Université de Nîmes. https://dumas.ccsd.cnrs.fr/dumas-03013915
[37] Sellbom, M., & Tellegen, A. (2019). Factor analysis in psychological assessment research: Common pitfalls and recommendations. Psychological Assessment, 31 (12), 1428-1441. https://doi.org/1 0.1037/pas0000623
[38] Sidanius, J., & Pratto, F. (1999). Social Dominance: An intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175043
[39] Tay, L., & Jebb, A. (2017). Scale Development. In S. Rogelberg (ed.), The Sage Encyclopedia of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Sage.
[40] Tiwari, S. K., Patel, A. K., & Kumar, D. (2017). Development of Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire: A measure for Different Social Categories Students. Journal of Psychosocial Research, 12 (1), 81-88.
[41] Tolman, D., & Porche, M. (2000). The adolescent femininity ideology scale: Development and validation of a new measure for girls. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 24, 365-376.
[42] Tritah, S., & Daoud, M. (2021). The conceptual and theoretical foundations of the PLS structural equation method. International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics, 2 (1), 378-395. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4474527
[43] Trochim, W. M. (2006). The Research Methods Knowledge Base. http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/.
[44] Wright, C. L., DeFrancesco, T., Hamilton, C., & Vashist, N. (2017). Boy’s Club: Examining sexist humor on types of sexism and femininity ideology using two research approaches. https://doi.org/10.1515/humor-2017-0108
[45] Yoshioka, M. R., Dinoia, J., & Ullah, K. (2002). Attitudes towards marital violence: An examination of four Asian communities. Violence Against Women, 7, 900-926.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo, Sylvestre Nzeuta Lontio. (2022). Confirmatory Factor Structure Assessment of the French Version of the Femininity Ideology Scale. Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, 11(6), 201-210. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo; Sylvestre Nzeuta Lontio. Confirmatory Factor Structure Assessment of the French Version of the Femininity Ideology Scale. Psychol. Behav. Sci. 2022, 11(6), 201-210. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo, Sylvestre Nzeuta Lontio. Confirmatory Factor Structure Assessment of the French Version of the Femininity Ideology Scale. Psychol Behav Sci. 2022;11(6):201-210. doi: 10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14,
      author = {Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo and Sylvestre Nzeuta Lontio},
      title = {Confirmatory Factor Structure Assessment of the French Version of the Femininity Ideology Scale},
      journal = {Psychology and Behavioral Sciences},
      volume = {11},
      number = {6},
      pages = {201-210},
      doi = {10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.pbs.20221106.14},
      abstract = {Background: The literature assesses feminist ideology using multifactorial scales developed in English and validated only in a Western context on African American, Asian American, European American and Latino American samples. The most recent version of these measures is the Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS), a psychometric method that only exists in the English language and whose factorial structure has not yet been validated; hence the fact that the reliability of the data collected through it is questionable. Objective: To fill these gaps, this study validates the confirmatory factor structure of the French version of the Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) in the Cameroonian context. Method: The translation of the FIS follows the standardized “back-translation” process and maintains the initial factor structure of the original scale. The French version of the scale is validated with a sample of Cameroonian women (N = 575; Mage = 24.50 years; SD = 2.94). The statistical analysis uses a Structural Equation Model method (SEM) to test the confirmatory factors of the instrument. Result: The data collected show that the French version of the FIS is reliable and presents an acceptable confirmatory factorial structure according to the adjustment indices of the structural models (α = .80, χ2/df= 1.98, CFI = .901, RMSEA ˂ .06). Conclusion: The results show that the confirmatory factorial structure of the French version of the FIS is valid. This instrument is linked to measures of contemporary and internalized sexisms, gender based social dominance orientation and attitudes towards abuse against women.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Confirmatory Factor Structure Assessment of the French Version of the Femininity Ideology Scale
    AU  - Achille Vicky Dzuetso Mouafo
    AU  - Sylvestre Nzeuta Lontio
    Y1  - 2022/11/29
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14
    T2  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    JF  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    JO  - Psychology and Behavioral Sciences
    SP  - 201
    EP  - 210
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-7845
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.pbs.20221106.14
    AB  - Background: The literature assesses feminist ideology using multifactorial scales developed in English and validated only in a Western context on African American, Asian American, European American and Latino American samples. The most recent version of these measures is the Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS), a psychometric method that only exists in the English language and whose factorial structure has not yet been validated; hence the fact that the reliability of the data collected through it is questionable. Objective: To fill these gaps, this study validates the confirmatory factor structure of the French version of the Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) in the Cameroonian context. Method: The translation of the FIS follows the standardized “back-translation” process and maintains the initial factor structure of the original scale. The French version of the scale is validated with a sample of Cameroonian women (N = 575; Mage = 24.50 years; SD = 2.94). The statistical analysis uses a Structural Equation Model method (SEM) to test the confirmatory factors of the instrument. Result: The data collected show that the French version of the FIS is reliable and presents an acceptable confirmatory factorial structure according to the adjustment indices of the structural models (α = .80, χ2/df= 1.98, CFI = .901, RMSEA ˂ .06). Conclusion: The results show that the confirmatory factorial structure of the French version of the FIS is valid. This instrument is linked to measures of contemporary and internalized sexisms, gender based social dominance orientation and attitudes towards abuse against women.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Philosophy and Psychology, University of Maroua, Maroua, Cameroon

  • Department of Philosophy, Psychology, Sociology, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon

  • Sections