Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria

Jibrin Noah Akoji; Gidado Muhammad Junaid; Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas

doi:doi:10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13

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Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria

Jibrin Noah Akoji, Gidado Muhammad Junaid, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas

Published in Modern Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 18 July 2022 Accepted: 30 September 2022 Published: 23 December 2022

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Abstract

This study assessed the impact of Coal Fly Ash on the concentration of Heavy metals in water, soil, and vegetables (moringa and spinach) from Gansari village nearby Cement Company of Northern Nigeria in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Thesamples collected were digested, and analysed for heavy metals concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results obtained from this study indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Se, Ni, Fe in water samples are higher than the WHO/SON permissible limit, while the concentrations of Cu and Zn are below the WHO/SON standard limits, Mn in water is higher than the SON but lower than the WHO standards. In plants samples, the heavy metals accumulate in plant organs at different concentrations depending on the antioxidants defense mechanism developed by the plant cells and the level of their metal tolerance. The average concentrations of Pb, Mn, Cd, and Ni in all plant samples are higher than the permissible limit, while Cd is higher only in spinach sample. The bioaccumulation of the plant samples differs and the heavy metals are distributed in all parts of the plants samples, the roots of the spinach accumulates higher concentrations of heavy metals than the leaves and stem, while in moringa the leaves accumulates higher than the roots and stem. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil sample are below the targeted values proposed by World Health Organization (WHO). The heavy metals concentrations in water, soil, and plants samples were compared and it was shown that the plants samples have the highest concentrations of heavy metals than the water and soil samples. This shows that the water and plant samples from the study area have heavy metals concentrations above the permissible limit. These maybe due to the effect of the coal fly ash from Cement Company of Northern Nigeria, Sokoto that is nearby the study area, and with this it canbe concluded that the water and plants from the study area are not fit for human and animal consumption.

Published in	Modern Chemistry (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13
Page(s)	121-127
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Fly Ash, Heavy Metals, Vegetable, Soil, Plant

References

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[2]	Jibrin, N. A, Ovurevu, O. D, Kusherki, A. U. (2022) Assessment of Nutritional Composition, Vitamin C Content and Toxic Heavy Metals Concentration in Some Local Drinks Made in the Northern Part of Nigeria. Science Development. Vol. 3, No. 3, 2022, pp. 117-121. doi: 10.11648/j.scidev.20220303.16.
[3]	Rahul, D., Ajit, P. S., Sanghamitra, K. (2018) Impact assessment of fly ash on groundwater quality: an experimental study using batch leaching tests (abstract). https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X18775484
[4]	Sears, C. G, Zierold, K. M. (2017) Health of Children Living Near Coal Ash. Glob Pediatr Health. 25; 4: 2333794X17720330. doi: 10.1177/2333794X17720330. PMID: 28804748; PMCID: PMC5533260.
[5]	Helle, Sonia, Gordon, Alfredo, Alfaro, Guillermo, Garcia, Ximena, Ulloa, Claudia (2003). ‘coal blend combustion: link between unburnt carbon in fly ashes and maceral composition’ Fuel Processing Technology. 80 (3): 209-223. https://doi:10.1016/S0378-3820(02)00245-X.
[6]	Brian, J. A (2013) Heavy Metals in Soils: Trace Metals and Metalloids in Soils and their Bioavailability DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-4470-7 ISBN: 978-94-007-4469-1.
[7]	Lockwood, Alan, H., Evans, Lisa. (2016) “How Breathing Coal Ash is Hazardous to your Health” (PDF). Physicians for Social Responsibility.
[8]	Usmani, Zeba, Kumar, Vipin (2017). “Characterisation, partitioning, and potential ecological risk quantification of trace heavy elements in coal fly ash”. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 24 (18): 15547-15566. https://doi:10.1007/s11356-017-9171-6
[9]	Magiera, Tadeusz, Goluchowska, Beata, Jablonska, Mariola (2012). “Technologenic Magnetic Particles in Alkaline Dusts from Power and Cement Plants” (PDF). Water, Air, & Soil Pollution. 224 (1).
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[12]	Imasuen, O. I., A. O. Egai (2013) Concentration and environmental implication of heavy metals in surface water in Aguobiri community, southern Ijaw Local Government Area, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. JASEM ISSN 1119-8362, Journal of Applied Sciences. Environmental Management. December 2013, Vol. 17 (4) 467-472.
[13]	Ogundele, D. T., Adio, A. A., Oludele, O. E. (2015) Heavy metal concentrations in plants and soil along heavy traffic roads in North Central Nigeria. Journal of Environmental and Analytical Toxicology 5: 334. https://doi:10.4172/2161-0525.1000334.
[14]	Latif, A., M. Bilal., Waleed, A., M. Azeem, M. I. Ahmad, A. Abbas, M. Z. Ahmad, T. Shahzad (2018) Heavy metal accumulationin vegetables and assessment of their potential health risk. J Environ Anal Chem 2018, Vol 5 (1): 234, https://doi:10.4172/2380-2391.1000234.
[15]	Chanchal, V., Sangeeta, M., Arthar, H. (2016) Heavy metal contamination of groundwater due to fly ash disposal of coal-fired thermal power plant, Parichha, Jhansi, India. Cogent Engineering, 3: 1, 1179243, https://doi:10.1080/23311916.2016.1179243
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Jibrin Noah Akoji, Gidado Muhammad Junaid, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas. (2022). Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria. Modern Chemistry, 10(4), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13

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ACS Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji; Gidado Muhammad Junaid; Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas. Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria. Mod. Chem. 2022, 10(4), 121-127. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13

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AMA Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji, Gidado Muhammad Junaid, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas. Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria. Mod Chem. 2022;10(4):121-127. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13,
  author = {Jibrin Noah Akoji and Gidado Muhammad Junaid and Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas},
  title = {Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {121-127},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20221004.13},
  abstract = {This study assessed the impact of Coal Fly Ash on the concentration of Heavy metals in water, soil, and vegetables (moringa and spinach) from Gansari village nearby Cement Company of Northern Nigeria in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Thesamples collected were digested, and analysed for heavy metals concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results obtained from this study indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Se, Ni, Fe in water samples are higher than the WHO/SON permissible limit, while the concentrations of Cu and Zn are below the WHO/SON standard limits, Mn in water is higher than the SON but lower than the WHO standards. In plants samples, the heavy metals accumulate in plant organs at different concentrations depending on the antioxidants defense mechanism developed by the plant cells and the level of their metal tolerance. The average concentrations of Pb, Mn, Cd, and Ni in all plant samples are higher than the permissible limit, while Cd is higher only in spinach sample. The bioaccumulation of the plant samples differs and the heavy metals are distributed in all parts of the plants samples, the roots of the spinach accumulates higher concentrations of heavy metals than the leaves and stem, while in moringa the leaves accumulates higher than the roots and stem. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil sample are below the targeted values proposed by World Health Organization (WHO). The heavy metals concentrations in water, soil, and plants samples were compared and it was shown that the plants samples have the highest concentrations of heavy metals than the water and soil samples. This shows that the water and plant samples from the study area have heavy metals concentrations above the permissible limit. These maybe due to the effect of the coal fly ash from Cement Company of Northern Nigeria, Sokoto that is nearby the study area, and with this it canbe concluded that the water and plants from the study area are not fit for human and animal consumption.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria
AU  - Jibrin Noah Akoji
AU  - Gidado Muhammad Junaid
AU  - Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas
Y1  - 2022/12/23
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 121
EP  - 127
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13
AB  - This study assessed the impact of Coal Fly Ash on the concentration of Heavy metals in water, soil, and vegetables (moringa and spinach) from Gansari village nearby Cement Company of Northern Nigeria in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Thesamples collected were digested, and analysed for heavy metals concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results obtained from this study indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Se, Ni, Fe in water samples are higher than the WHO/SON permissible limit, while the concentrations of Cu and Zn are below the WHO/SON standard limits, Mn in water is higher than the SON but lower than the WHO standards. In plants samples, the heavy metals accumulate in plant organs at different concentrations depending on the antioxidants defense mechanism developed by the plant cells and the level of their metal tolerance. The average concentrations of Pb, Mn, Cd, and Ni in all plant samples are higher than the permissible limit, while Cd is higher only in spinach sample. The bioaccumulation of the plant samples differs and the heavy metals are distributed in all parts of the plants samples, the roots of the spinach accumulates higher concentrations of heavy metals than the leaves and stem, while in moringa the leaves accumulates higher than the roots and stem. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil sample are below the targeted values proposed by World Health Organization (WHO). The heavy metals concentrations in water, soil, and plants samples were compared and it was shown that the plants samples have the highest concentrations of heavy metals than the water and soil samples. This shows that the water and plant samples from the study area have heavy metals concentrations above the permissible limit. These maybe due to the effect of the coal fly ash from Cement Company of Northern Nigeria, Sokoto that is nearby the study area, and with this it canbe concluded that the water and plants from the study area are not fit for human and animal consumption.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Jibrin Noah Akoji

Department of Chemistry, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
Gidado Muhammad Junaid

Department of Chemistry, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria
Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas

Department of Chemistry, Baze University, Abuja, Nigeria

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Jibrin Noah Akoji, Gidado Muhammad Junaid, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas. (2022). Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria. Modern Chemistry, 10(4), 121-127. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13

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ACS Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji; Gidado Muhammad Junaid; Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas. Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria. Mod. Chem. 2022, 10(4), 121-127. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13

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AMA Style

Jibrin Noah Akoji, Gidado Muhammad Junaid, Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas. Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria. Mod Chem. 2022;10(4):121-127. doi: 10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13

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@article{10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13,
  author = {Jibrin Noah Akoji and Gidado Muhammad Junaid and Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas},
  title = {Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria},
  journal = {Modern Chemistry},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {121-127},
  doi = {10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.mc.20221004.13},
  abstract = {This study assessed the impact of Coal Fly Ash on the concentration of Heavy metals in water, soil, and vegetables (moringa and spinach) from Gansari village nearby Cement Company of Northern Nigeria in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Thesamples collected were digested, and analysed for heavy metals concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results obtained from this study indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Se, Ni, Fe in water samples are higher than the WHO/SON permissible limit, while the concentrations of Cu and Zn are below the WHO/SON standard limits, Mn in water is higher than the SON but lower than the WHO standards. In plants samples, the heavy metals accumulate in plant organs at different concentrations depending on the antioxidants defense mechanism developed by the plant cells and the level of their metal tolerance. The average concentrations of Pb, Mn, Cd, and Ni in all plant samples are higher than the permissible limit, while Cd is higher only in spinach sample. The bioaccumulation of the plant samples differs and the heavy metals are distributed in all parts of the plants samples, the roots of the spinach accumulates higher concentrations of heavy metals than the leaves and stem, while in moringa the leaves accumulates higher than the roots and stem. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil sample are below the targeted values proposed by World Health Organization (WHO). The heavy metals concentrations in water, soil, and plants samples were compared and it was shown that the plants samples have the highest concentrations of heavy metals than the water and soil samples. This shows that the water and plant samples from the study area have heavy metals concentrations above the permissible limit. These maybe due to the effect of the coal fly ash from Cement Company of Northern Nigeria, Sokoto that is nearby the study area, and with this it canbe concluded that the water and plants from the study area are not fit for human and animal consumption.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of Coal Fly Ash on the Concentration of Heavy Metals in Water, Soil and Plant Samples in Gansari, Around Cement Company of Northern Nigeria
AU  - Jibrin Noah Akoji
AU  - Gidado Muhammad Junaid
AU  - Ovurevu Oyiza Dorcas
Y1  - 2022/12/23
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13
T2  - Modern Chemistry
JF  - Modern Chemistry
JO  - Modern Chemistry
SP  - 121
EP  - 127
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-180X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.mc.20221004.13
AB  - This study assessed the impact of Coal Fly Ash on the concentration of Heavy metals in water, soil, and vegetables (moringa and spinach) from Gansari village nearby Cement Company of Northern Nigeria in Sokoto State, Nigeria. Thesamples collected were digested, and analysed for heavy metals concentration using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results obtained from this study indicate that the concentrations of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Se, Ni, Fe in water samples are higher than the WHO/SON permissible limit, while the concentrations of Cu and Zn are below the WHO/SON standard limits, Mn in water is higher than the SON but lower than the WHO standards. In plants samples, the heavy metals accumulate in plant organs at different concentrations depending on the antioxidants defense mechanism developed by the plant cells and the level of their metal tolerance. The average concentrations of Pb, Mn, Cd, and Ni in all plant samples are higher than the permissible limit, while Cd is higher only in spinach sample. The bioaccumulation of the plant samples differs and the heavy metals are distributed in all parts of the plants samples, the roots of the spinach accumulates higher concentrations of heavy metals than the leaves and stem, while in moringa the leaves accumulates higher than the roots and stem. The concentrations of heavy metals in soil sample are below the targeted values proposed by World Health Organization (WHO). The heavy metals concentrations in water, soil, and plants samples were compared and it was shown that the plants samples have the highest concentrations of heavy metals than the water and soil samples. This shows that the water and plant samples from the study area have heavy metals concentrations above the permissible limit. These maybe due to the effect of the coal fly ash from Cement Company of Northern Nigeria, Sokoto that is nearby the study area, and with this it canbe concluded that the water and plants from the study area are not fit for human and animal consumption.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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