Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture

Karla Andrea Silva Poblete

doi:doi:10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11

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Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture

Karla Andrea Silva Poblete

Published in Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 24 March 2023 Accepted: 21 April 2023 Published: 24 May 2023

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Abstract

The study of the Basque House, which was commissioned for construction by Basque-French settlers in the year 1930 in the town of Nehuentúe, Chile, allows us to delve into the value that the residential architectural heritage of Basque settlers brings to the rural area of the La Araucanía region, which was heavily populated by groups of European settlers since the second half of the 19th century. This house features a replica of the neo-Basque style from the French region of the Atlantic Pyrenees, from where rationalist architecture and symbolism in its forms and decorative elements were imported. On the facades of the Basque House in Nehuentúe, we observe a generous number of openings with square windows that are arranged under the asymmetry of the roof, geometric shapes that try to lighten the weight of this large compact volume. Simple construction bodies, organized according to the functionality of natural light and sun exposure of the rooms. Decorative elements that evoke the facades of the farmhouse stand out, overhangs and frameworks of red-garnet painted wood on white walls that transfer the popular origin of the Basque farmhouse structure to a bourgeois architecture that shows them as a decorative trend. This study delves into the history, place, and architecture of the house, comparing it to its origin, to understand how the settler, through architecture and symbols, felt closer to their roots. It is possible to delve into the history, observe the place, carry out a survey, classify and interpret a home, which, together with the analysis of its original architecture, allows it to be valued in a complete way so that it can be preserved. We can understand the territory of colonization through the deep analysis of its architecture. This knowledge of the past leads us to a learning process filled with symbolism, stories, and memory.

Published in	Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11
Page(s)	32-38
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heritage, Architecture, Colonization, Territory

References

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[2]	Oyanguren, Pedro. (2007). Basques in Chile (1520-2005) – Ezuko Etxea de Santiago. San Sebastian, Spain: Eusko Ikaskuntza.
[3]	Camus, Argitxu. (2007) The North American Basque Organizations (NABO), Incorporated Ipar Amerikako Euskal Elkarteak 1973-2007. Spain: Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco.
[4]	Palazón, Salvador. (1992). Spanish emigration to Latin America during the first Francoism (1939-1959). Interruption and resumption of a traditional current. Spain: Anales de la Universidad de Alicante. Historia Contemporánea 8-9: 215-231.
[5]	Hernández, P. F., & Catalán, T. B. (2022). The construction of territory in presidential speeches: The republican occupation of La Frontera, Chile, 1883-1891. Cuadernos de Investigación Urbanística, (143), 63-78.
[6]	Duer, M. (2022). Coloniality in space, a review of spatial ordering in Araucanía, based on land enclosures in southern Chile.
[7]	Casals, María, et al. (2018). Araucanía: Nahuelbuta and Costa. Heritage tourism narratives. Santiago de Chile, Chile: Ediciones Universidad Central de Chile. Comité Editorial Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Paisaje. Universidad Central de Chile.
[8]	National Statistics Institute. (2019). Cities, Towns, Villages, and Hamlets. Chile: National Statistics Institute.
[9]	Santana, Alberto, et al. (2001). The Architecture of the Basque Country Hamlet. History and typology. Spain: Servicio Central de Publicaciones del Gobierno Vasco. Dirección de Vivienda y Arquitectura.
[10]	Gómez Doliwa, I. (2023). Hamlets of Vizcaya. Image of popular Basque architecture. Retrieved from: https://oa.upm.es/72596/
[11]	Euskal Baserria: Basepolia. (2003). "Galeón" Geography and History Prize "IX San Viator Prize for research in science and humanities." Madrid, Spain: Colegio San Viator.
[12]	Bidart, Pierre. (2022). The neo-Basque style as an object of anthropological study. Neo-Basque Architecture. Auñamendi Eusko Entziklopedia. Spain. Retrieved from: https://aunamendi.eusko-ikaskuntza.eus/es/arquitectura-neo-vasca/ar-1138-37651/
[13]	Socio-demographic and economic indicators of the La Araucanía Region. Chile: Library of the National Congress. Access on June 13, 2022. Retrieved from: https://www.bcn.cl/siit/nuestropais/region9/indica.htm
[14]	Peña-Cortés, Fernando, et al. (2014). Geomorphological dynamics of the coast of La Araucanía. Santiago de Chile, Chile: Rev. geogr. Norte Gd. no. 58 Santiago set. 2014: 241-260. Retrieved from: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-34022014000200013&lng=es&nrm=iso
[15]	Valera, Sergi and Enric Pol. (1994). The concept of urban social identity: an approach between social psychology and environmental psychology. Barcelona, Spain: Anuario de psicología/The UB Journal of psychology, 5-24.
[16]	Salmerón, Juan and Rafael García. (2020). The bearable lightness of limit in late 20th-century architecture: analysis of four cases. Colombia: Cuadernos de Música, Artes Visuales y Artes Escénicas 15 (2): 34-53. Retrieved from: http://doi.org/10.11144/javeriana.mavae15-2.lsld
[17]	Negrette, Á. S. (2022). From Baroque to Neoclassical. Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios Históricos, Arquitectónicos y Urbanos, (1), 28-39.
[18]	Figure taken from: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Villa_Arnaga_(Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_Atlantiques).jpg.
[19]	Alonso, J. S. J. (2022). Leonardo Rucabado: Architecture and Graphics. EGA Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, 27 (45), 280-311.
[20]	Ortiz, V. (2022). Mitla: memory, architecture, identity. Archipiélago. Cultural Journal of Our America, 29 (116), 62-65.
[21]	Millanao, Ana, et al. (2021). Mapuche Language Dictionary. Chile: Coordination Unit of Indigenous Affairs, Ministry of Social Development and Family. Fund for culture and education. Santiago de Chile. Retrieved from: http://www.conadi.gob.cl/storage/docs/Diccionario_mapudungun.pdf

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APA Style

Karla Andrea Silva Poblete. (2023). Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 8(2), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11

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Karla Andrea Silva Poblete. Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2023, 8(2), 32-38. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11

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Karla Andrea Silva Poblete. Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2023;8(2):32-38. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11

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@article{10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11,
  author = {Karla Andrea Silva Poblete},
  title = {Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20230802.11},
  abstract = {The study of the Basque House, which was commissioned for construction by Basque-French settlers in the year 1930 in the town of Nehuentúe, Chile, allows us to delve into the value that the residential architectural heritage of Basque settlers brings to the rural area of the La Araucanía region, which was heavily populated by groups of European settlers since the second half of the 19th century. This house features a replica of the neo-Basque style from the French region of the Atlantic Pyrenees, from where rationalist architecture and symbolism in its forms and decorative elements were imported. On the facades of the Basque House in Nehuentúe, we observe a generous number of openings with square windows that are arranged under the asymmetry of the roof, geometric shapes that try to lighten the weight of this large compact volume. Simple construction bodies, organized according to the functionality of natural light and sun exposure of the rooms. Decorative elements that evoke the facades of the farmhouse stand out, overhangs and frameworks of red-garnet painted wood on white walls that transfer the popular origin of the Basque farmhouse structure to a bourgeois architecture that shows them as a decorative trend. This study delves into the history, place, and architecture of the house, comparing it to its origin, to understand how the settler, through architecture and symbols, felt closer to their roots. It is possible to delve into the history, observe the place, carry out a survey, classify and interpret a home, which, together with the analysis of its original architecture, allows it to be valued in a complete way so that it can be preserved. We can understand the territory of colonization through the deep analysis of its architecture. This knowledge of the past leads us to a learning process filled with symbolism, stories, and memory.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture
AU  - Karla Andrea Silva Poblete
Y1  - 2023/05/24
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 32
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11
AB  - The study of the Basque House, which was commissioned for construction by Basque-French settlers in the year 1930 in the town of Nehuentúe, Chile, allows us to delve into the value that the residential architectural heritage of Basque settlers brings to the rural area of the La Araucanía region, which was heavily populated by groups of European settlers since the second half of the 19th century. This house features a replica of the neo-Basque style from the French region of the Atlantic Pyrenees, from where rationalist architecture and symbolism in its forms and decorative elements were imported. On the facades of the Basque House in Nehuentúe, we observe a generous number of openings with square windows that are arranged under the asymmetry of the roof, geometric shapes that try to lighten the weight of this large compact volume. Simple construction bodies, organized according to the functionality of natural light and sun exposure of the rooms. Decorative elements that evoke the facades of the farmhouse stand out, overhangs and frameworks of red-garnet painted wood on white walls that transfer the popular origin of the Basque farmhouse structure to a bourgeois architecture that shows them as a decorative trend. This study delves into the history, place, and architecture of the house, comparing it to its origin, to understand how the settler, through architecture and symbols, felt closer to their roots. It is possible to delve into the history, observe the place, carry out a survey, classify and interpret a home, which, together with the analysis of its original architecture, allows it to be valued in a complete way so that it can be preserved. We can understand the territory of colonization through the deep analysis of its architecture. This knowledge of the past leads us to a learning process filled with symbolism, stories, and memory.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Karla Andrea Silva Poblete

Department of Civil Works and Geology, Faculty of Engineering, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile

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Karla Andrea Silva Poblete. (2023). Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture. Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning, 8(2), 32-38. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11

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ACS Style

Karla Andrea Silva Poblete. Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture. Landsc. Archit. Reg. Plan. 2023, 8(2), 32-38. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11

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AMA Style

Karla Andrea Silva Poblete. Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture. Landsc Archit Reg Plan. 2023;8(2):32-38. doi: 10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11

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@article{10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11,
  author = {Karla Andrea Silva Poblete},
  title = {Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture},
  journal = {Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-38},
  doi = {10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.larp.20230802.11},
  abstract = {The study of the Basque House, which was commissioned for construction by Basque-French settlers in the year 1930 in the town of Nehuentúe, Chile, allows us to delve into the value that the residential architectural heritage of Basque settlers brings to the rural area of the La Araucanía region, which was heavily populated by groups of European settlers since the second half of the 19th century. This house features a replica of the neo-Basque style from the French region of the Atlantic Pyrenees, from where rationalist architecture and symbolism in its forms and decorative elements were imported. On the facades of the Basque House in Nehuentúe, we observe a generous number of openings with square windows that are arranged under the asymmetry of the roof, geometric shapes that try to lighten the weight of this large compact volume. Simple construction bodies, organized according to the functionality of natural light and sun exposure of the rooms. Decorative elements that evoke the facades of the farmhouse stand out, overhangs and frameworks of red-garnet painted wood on white walls that transfer the popular origin of the Basque farmhouse structure to a bourgeois architecture that shows them as a decorative trend. This study delves into the history, place, and architecture of the house, comparing it to its origin, to understand how the settler, through architecture and symbols, felt closer to their roots. It is possible to delve into the history, observe the place, carry out a survey, classify and interpret a home, which, together with the analysis of its original architecture, allows it to be valued in a complete way so that it can be preserved. We can understand the territory of colonization through the deep analysis of its architecture. This knowledge of the past leads us to a learning process filled with symbolism, stories, and memory.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Basque House in Araucanía-Chile: A Reflection from the Importation and Development of Its Regionalist Architecture
AU  - Karla Andrea Silva Poblete
Y1  - 2023/05/24
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11
T2  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JF  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
JO  - Landscape Architecture and Regional Planning
SP  - 32
EP  - 38
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-4374
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.larp.20230802.11
AB  - The study of the Basque House, which was commissioned for construction by Basque-French settlers in the year 1930 in the town of Nehuentúe, Chile, allows us to delve into the value that the residential architectural heritage of Basque settlers brings to the rural area of the La Araucanía region, which was heavily populated by groups of European settlers since the second half of the 19th century. This house features a replica of the neo-Basque style from the French region of the Atlantic Pyrenees, from where rationalist architecture and symbolism in its forms and decorative elements were imported. On the facades of the Basque House in Nehuentúe, we observe a generous number of openings with square windows that are arranged under the asymmetry of the roof, geometric shapes that try to lighten the weight of this large compact volume. Simple construction bodies, organized according to the functionality of natural light and sun exposure of the rooms. Decorative elements that evoke the facades of the farmhouse stand out, overhangs and frameworks of red-garnet painted wood on white walls that transfer the popular origin of the Basque farmhouse structure to a bourgeois architecture that shows them as a decorative trend. This study delves into the history, place, and architecture of the house, comparing it to its origin, to understand how the settler, through architecture and symbols, felt closer to their roots. It is possible to delve into the history, observe the place, carry out a survey, classify and interpret a home, which, together with the analysis of its original architecture, allows it to be valued in a complete way so that it can be preserved. We can understand the territory of colonization through the deep analysis of its architecture. This knowledge of the past leads us to a learning process filled with symbolism, stories, and memory.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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