The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020)

Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian; Onoh Felix Emenike; Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun; Okpan Agara

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12

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The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020)

Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian, Onoh Felix Emenike, Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun, Okpan Agara

Published in Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 6)

Received: 11 October 2021 Accepted: 30 October 2021 Published: 7 December 2021

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Abstract

Most executed public building projects in Nigeria have a difference between their tender/initial contract sum and final contract sum, and this difference is often caused by variations. Where not properly handled, variations lead to delays, dispute and sometimes project abandonment. The effects of cost of variations on the delivery of public building projects in Nigeria have long been a source of concern to stakeholders. In view of this, the study examined the effects of variations on building costs of selected building projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana (AIFPU) executed within the period (2010-2020), with the purpose to determine their effects on cost of building projects. Historical research design was adopted. Secondary data were used in the analysis. Data on ten (10) completed projects of varying characteristics were collected from the institution’s physical planning unit using purpose sampling. SPSS version 20 tool was used in descriptive analysis of the estimate of the mean, percentage and standard deviation. E-view 8 tool of inferential statistics of regression and correlation were used in the analysis and testing of the hypothesis. The result indicates that increase in cost of variation will lead to 0.881 increase in contract sum. Results also indicate that significant positive relationship exist between variations and final cost of projects with coefficient of determination (R²)=0.602987 tested at 0.05 level. This result indicates that cost of variation has an impact on the final cost of building project and should be guarded against. It was recommended that there should be detailed and continuous planning including costing of a project right from the inception of the project to the completion, involvement of professionals and contactors at the initial stage in order to reduce variations in the project, timely advance payment for procurement should be made among others in others to guard against the impact of variation on public building projects.

Published in	Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12
Page(s)	177-187
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Effects, Variation, Final Cost, Building Project

References

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[17]	Mohammed, A. A. (2001). Analysis and management of change orders for combined fewer over flow construction projects. Dissertation over flow construction projects. Dissertation wagne state university occupational health and safety het No 85 of 1993, 2003 construction regulation.
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[20]	Nwachukwu, G. O. (2004). The impact of materials management on projects profitability and corporate survival. NIQS Quarterly Journal 47 (6) 1921.
[21]	Obiegbu, M. E. (2005). Effective project delivery in Nigeria construction industry effective building procurement and delivery in Nigeria construction industry. Anambra Rex Charles and Patrick limited.
[22]	Oladipo, A. A. (2007). A quantitative assessment of the cost and time impact of variation orders on construction projects journal of engineering, design and technology 5 (1): 35–48.
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[24]	Ssegawa, J. K., Mfolwe, K. M., Makuke, B. & Kutua, B. 2002, 'Construction Variations: A Scourge or a Necessity?', Proceedings of the First Internationa.
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APA Style

Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian, Onoh Felix Emenike, Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun, Okpan Agara. (2021). The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020). Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 6(6), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12

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Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian; Onoh Felix Emenike; Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun; Okpan Agara. The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020). J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2021, 6(6), 177-187. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12

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AMA Style

Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian, Onoh Felix Emenike, Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun, Okpan Agara. The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020). J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2021;6(6):177-187. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12,
  author = {Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian and Onoh Felix Emenike and Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun and Okpan Agara},
  title = {The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020)},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {6},
  pages = {177-187},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20210606.12},
  abstract = {Most executed public building projects in Nigeria have a difference between their tender/initial contract sum and final contract sum, and this difference is often caused by variations. Where not properly handled, variations lead to delays, dispute and sometimes project abandonment. The effects of cost of variations on the delivery of public building projects in Nigeria have long been a source of concern to stakeholders. In view of this, the study examined the effects of variations on building costs of selected building projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana (AIFPU) executed within the period (2010-2020), with the purpose to determine their effects on cost of building projects. Historical research design was adopted. Secondary data were used in the analysis. Data on ten (10) completed projects of varying characteristics were collected from the institution’s physical planning unit using purpose sampling. SPSS version 20 tool was used in descriptive analysis of the estimate of the mean, percentage and standard deviation. E-view 8 tool of inferential statistics of regression and correlation were used in the analysis and testing of the hypothesis. The result indicates that increase in cost of variation will lead to 0.881 increase in contract sum. Results also indicate that significant positive relationship exist between variations and final cost of projects with coefficient of determination (R2)=0.602987 tested at 0.05 level. This result indicates that cost of variation has an impact on the final cost of building project and should be guarded against. It was recommended that there should be detailed and continuous planning including costing of a project right from the inception of the project to the completion, involvement of professionals and contactors at the initial stage in order to reduce variations in the project, timely advance payment for procurement should be made among others in others to guard against the impact of variation on public building projects.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020)
AU  - Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian
AU  - Onoh Felix Emenike
AU  - Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun
AU  - Okpan Agara
Y1  - 2021/12/07
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 177
EP  - 187
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12
AB  - Most executed public building projects in Nigeria have a difference between their tender/initial contract sum and final contract sum, and this difference is often caused by variations. Where not properly handled, variations lead to delays, dispute and sometimes project abandonment. The effects of cost of variations on the delivery of public building projects in Nigeria have long been a source of concern to stakeholders. In view of this, the study examined the effects of variations on building costs of selected building projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana (AIFPU) executed within the period (2010-2020), with the purpose to determine their effects on cost of building projects. Historical research design was adopted. Secondary data were used in the analysis. Data on ten (10) completed projects of varying characteristics were collected from the institution’s physical planning unit using purpose sampling. SPSS version 20 tool was used in descriptive analysis of the estimate of the mean, percentage and standard deviation. E-view 8 tool of inferential statistics of regression and correlation were used in the analysis and testing of the hypothesis. The result indicates that increase in cost of variation will lead to 0.881 increase in contract sum. Results also indicate that significant positive relationship exist between variations and final cost of projects with coefficient of determination (R2)=0.602987 tested at 0.05 level. This result indicates that cost of variation has an impact on the final cost of building project and should be guarded against. It was recommended that there should be detailed and continuous planning including costing of a project right from the inception of the project to the completion, involvement of professionals and contactors at the initial stage in order to reduce variations in the project, timely advance payment for procurement should be made among others in others to guard against the impact of variation on public building projects.
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
ER  -

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Author Information

Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian

Quantity Surveying Department, Gregory University Uturu (GUU), Uturu, Nigeria
Onoh Felix Emenike

Quantity Surveying Department, Enugu State University of Science & Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria
Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun

Quantity Surveying Department, Enugu State University of Science & Technology (ESUT), Enugu, Nigeria
Okpan Agara

Quantity Surveying Department, Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana, Nigeria

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APA Style

Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian, Onoh Felix Emenike, Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun, Okpan Agara. (2021). The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020). Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 6(6), 177-187. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12

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ACS Style

Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian; Onoh Felix Emenike; Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun; Okpan Agara. The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020). J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2021, 6(6), 177-187. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12

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AMA Style

Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian, Onoh Felix Emenike, Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun, Okpan Agara. The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020). J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2021;6(6):177-187. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12

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@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12,
  author = {Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian and Onoh Felix Emenike and Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun and Okpan Agara},
  title = {The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020)},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {6},
  pages = {177-187},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20210606.12},
  abstract = {Most executed public building projects in Nigeria have a difference between their tender/initial contract sum and final contract sum, and this difference is often caused by variations. Where not properly handled, variations lead to delays, dispute and sometimes project abandonment. The effects of cost of variations on the delivery of public building projects in Nigeria have long been a source of concern to stakeholders. In view of this, the study examined the effects of variations on building costs of selected building projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana (AIFPU) executed within the period (2010-2020), with the purpose to determine their effects on cost of building projects. Historical research design was adopted. Secondary data were used in the analysis. Data on ten (10) completed projects of varying characteristics were collected from the institution’s physical planning unit using purpose sampling. SPSS version 20 tool was used in descriptive analysis of the estimate of the mean, percentage and standard deviation. E-view 8 tool of inferential statistics of regression and correlation were used in the analysis and testing of the hypothesis. The result indicates that increase in cost of variation will lead to 0.881 increase in contract sum. Results also indicate that significant positive relationship exist between variations and final cost of projects with coefficient of determination (R2)=0.602987 tested at 0.05 level. This result indicates that cost of variation has an impact on the final cost of building project and should be guarded against. It was recommended that there should be detailed and continuous planning including costing of a project right from the inception of the project to the completion, involvement of professionals and contactors at the initial stage in order to reduce variations in the project, timely advance payment for procurement should be made among others in others to guard against the impact of variation on public building projects.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Effects of Variations on the Final Cost of Selected Public Building Projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana from (2010-2020)
AU  - Mbabuike Udochukwu Cyprian
AU  - Onoh Felix Emenike
AU  - Nnadi Ezekiel Oluwaseun
AU  - Okpan Agara
Y1  - 2021/12/07
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 177
EP  - 187
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210606.12
AB  - Most executed public building projects in Nigeria have a difference between their tender/initial contract sum and final contract sum, and this difference is often caused by variations. Where not properly handled, variations lead to delays, dispute and sometimes project abandonment. The effects of cost of variations on the delivery of public building projects in Nigeria have long been a source of concern to stakeholders. In view of this, the study examined the effects of variations on building costs of selected building projects in Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytechnic, Unwana (AIFPU) executed within the period (2010-2020), with the purpose to determine their effects on cost of building projects. Historical research design was adopted. Secondary data were used in the analysis. Data on ten (10) completed projects of varying characteristics were collected from the institution’s physical planning unit using purpose sampling. SPSS version 20 tool was used in descriptive analysis of the estimate of the mean, percentage and standard deviation. E-view 8 tool of inferential statistics of regression and correlation were used in the analysis and testing of the hypothesis. The result indicates that increase in cost of variation will lead to 0.881 increase in contract sum. Results also indicate that significant positive relationship exist between variations and final cost of projects with coefficient of determination (R2)=0.602987 tested at 0.05 level. This result indicates that cost of variation has an impact on the final cost of building project and should be guarded against. It was recommended that there should be detailed and continuous planning including costing of a project right from the inception of the project to the completion, involvement of professionals and contactors at the initial stage in order to reduce variations in the project, timely advance payment for procurement should be made among others in others to guard against the impact of variation on public building projects.
VL  - 6
IS  - 6
ER  -

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