Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria

Alao Femi; Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju; Olanrewaju Olawale

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13

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Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria

Alao Femi, Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju, Olanrewaju Olawale

Published in Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 5)

Received: 28 March 2021 Accepted: 10 May 2021 Published: 30 October 2021

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Abstract

The release of greywater lacking any treatments into drainage channels, land surfaces and normal water bodies will lead to environmental deprivation and health risks. In this study, common reed combined with natural materials of sand and gravel was used in a system of constructed wetland for the treatment of greywater in Akure, Nigeria. Raw greywater (RGW) was collected from Jadesola Hostel, Federal University of Technology, Akure, and pretreated using a combination of gravel with fine sand, arranged accordingly. The filtered water was subsequently released to a plastic constructed wetland (CW) consisting of similar combination of layers of gravel and sand with common reed planted on it to achieve complete treatment. The RGW, filtered greywater (FGW) and treated greywater (TGW) were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and fecal coliforms (FC). Results showed reductions in BOD, COD, TSS, TN and FC by 80.20%, 78.35%, 56.07%, 45.93% and 74.71%, respectively, for FGW and by 90.92%, 91.46%, 93.46%, 53.66% and 82.10%, respectively, for TGW. Therefore, it was concluded that the combination of common reed, sand and gravels in constructed wetland offers an effective means of accomplishing physical and biological treatment of greywater, especially for reuse in irrigation. Hence, it was recommended that acceptance of the combined system will help farmers in ensuring sufficient treatment of greywater and satisfies the standard requirements for wastewater reuse and application in both field crop irrigation and other outdoor needs.

Published in	Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 6, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13
Page(s)	144-148
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Common Reed, Constructed Wetland, Fecal Coliforms, Gravel, Greywater, Sand

References

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APA Style

Alao Femi, Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju, Olanrewaju Olawale. (2021). Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 6(5), 144-148. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13

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ACS Style

Alao Femi; Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju; Olanrewaju Olawale. Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2021, 6(5), 144-148. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13

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AMA Style

Alao Femi, Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju, Olanrewaju Olawale. Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2021;6(5):144-148. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13,
  author = {Alao Femi and Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju and Olanrewaju Olawale},
  title = {Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {144-148},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20210605.13},
  abstract = {The release of greywater lacking any treatments into drainage channels, land surfaces and normal water bodies will lead to environmental deprivation and health risks. In this study, common reed combined with natural materials of sand and gravel was used in a system of constructed wetland for the treatment of greywater in Akure, Nigeria. Raw greywater (RGW) was collected from Jadesola Hostel, Federal University of Technology, Akure, and pretreated using a combination of gravel with fine sand, arranged accordingly. The filtered water was subsequently released to a plastic constructed wetland (CW) consisting of similar combination of layers of gravel and sand with common reed planted on it to achieve complete treatment. The RGW, filtered greywater (FGW) and treated greywater (TGW) were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and fecal coliforms (FC). Results showed reductions in BOD, COD, TSS, TN and FC by 80.20%, 78.35%, 56.07%, 45.93% and 74.71%, respectively, for FGW and by 90.92%, 91.46%, 93.46%, 53.66% and 82.10%, respectively, for TGW. Therefore, it was concluded that the combination of common reed, sand and gravels in constructed wetland offers an effective means of accomplishing physical and biological treatment of greywater, especially for reuse in irrigation. Hence, it was recommended that acceptance of the combined system will help farmers in ensuring sufficient treatment of greywater and satisfies the standard requirements for wastewater reuse and application in both field crop irrigation and other outdoor needs.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria
AU  - Alao Femi
AU  - Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju
AU  - Olanrewaju Olawale
Y1  - 2021/10/30
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 144
EP  - 148
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13
AB  - The release of greywater lacking any treatments into drainage channels, land surfaces and normal water bodies will lead to environmental deprivation and health risks. In this study, common reed combined with natural materials of sand and gravel was used in a system of constructed wetland for the treatment of greywater in Akure, Nigeria. Raw greywater (RGW) was collected from Jadesola Hostel, Federal University of Technology, Akure, and pretreated using a combination of gravel with fine sand, arranged accordingly. The filtered water was subsequently released to a plastic constructed wetland (CW) consisting of similar combination of layers of gravel and sand with common reed planted on it to achieve complete treatment. The RGW, filtered greywater (FGW) and treated greywater (TGW) were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and fecal coliforms (FC). Results showed reductions in BOD, COD, TSS, TN and FC by 80.20%, 78.35%, 56.07%, 45.93% and 74.71%, respectively, for FGW and by 90.92%, 91.46%, 93.46%, 53.66% and 82.10%, respectively, for TGW. Therefore, it was concluded that the combination of common reed, sand and gravels in constructed wetland offers an effective means of accomplishing physical and biological treatment of greywater, especially for reuse in irrigation. Hence, it was recommended that acceptance of the combined system will help farmers in ensuring sufficient treatment of greywater and satisfies the standard requirements for wastewater reuse and application in both field crop irrigation and other outdoor needs.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Alao Femi

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
Olanrewaju Olawale

Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria

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Alao Femi, Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju, Olanrewaju Olawale. (2021). Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 6(5), 144-148. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13

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ACS Style

Alao Femi; Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju; Olanrewaju Olawale. Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2021, 6(5), 144-148. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13

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AMA Style

Alao Femi, Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju, Olanrewaju Olawale. Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2021;6(5):144-148. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13

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@article{10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13,
  author = {Alao Femi and Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju and Olanrewaju Olawale},
  title = {Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
  volume = {6},
  number = {5},
  pages = {144-148},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20210605.13},
  abstract = {The release of greywater lacking any treatments into drainage channels, land surfaces and normal water bodies will lead to environmental deprivation and health risks. In this study, common reed combined with natural materials of sand and gravel was used in a system of constructed wetland for the treatment of greywater in Akure, Nigeria. Raw greywater (RGW) was collected from Jadesola Hostel, Federal University of Technology, Akure, and pretreated using a combination of gravel with fine sand, arranged accordingly. The filtered water was subsequently released to a plastic constructed wetland (CW) consisting of similar combination of layers of gravel and sand with common reed planted on it to achieve complete treatment. The RGW, filtered greywater (FGW) and treated greywater (TGW) were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and fecal coliforms (FC). Results showed reductions in BOD, COD, TSS, TN and FC by 80.20%, 78.35%, 56.07%, 45.93% and 74.71%, respectively, for FGW and by 90.92%, 91.46%, 93.46%, 53.66% and 82.10%, respectively, for TGW. Therefore, it was concluded that the combination of common reed, sand and gravels in constructed wetland offers an effective means of accomplishing physical and biological treatment of greywater, especially for reuse in irrigation. Hence, it was recommended that acceptance of the combined system will help farmers in ensuring sufficient treatment of greywater and satisfies the standard requirements for wastewater reuse and application in both field crop irrigation and other outdoor needs.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Performance Efficiency of Common Reed, Sand and Gravel for Greywater Treatment in a Constructed Wetland in Akure, Nigeria
AU  - Alao Femi
AU  - Alatise Micheal Olanrewaju
AU  - Olanrewaju Olawale
Y1  - 2021/10/30
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13
T2  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JF  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
JO  - Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering
SP  - 144
EP  - 148
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2637-3890
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20210605.13
AB  - The release of greywater lacking any treatments into drainage channels, land surfaces and normal water bodies will lead to environmental deprivation and health risks. In this study, common reed combined with natural materials of sand and gravel was used in a system of constructed wetland for the treatment of greywater in Akure, Nigeria. Raw greywater (RGW) was collected from Jadesola Hostel, Federal University of Technology, Akure, and pretreated using a combination of gravel with fine sand, arranged accordingly. The filtered water was subsequently released to a plastic constructed wetland (CW) consisting of similar combination of layers of gravel and sand with common reed planted on it to achieve complete treatment. The RGW, filtered greywater (FGW) and treated greywater (TGW) were analyzed for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solid (TSS), total nitrogen (TN) and fecal coliforms (FC). Results showed reductions in BOD, COD, TSS, TN and FC by 80.20%, 78.35%, 56.07%, 45.93% and 74.71%, respectively, for FGW and by 90.92%, 91.46%, 93.46%, 53.66% and 82.10%, respectively, for TGW. Therefore, it was concluded that the combination of common reed, sand and gravels in constructed wetland offers an effective means of accomplishing physical and biological treatment of greywater, especially for reuse in irrigation. Hence, it was recommended that acceptance of the combined system will help farmers in ensuring sufficient treatment of greywater and satisfies the standard requirements for wastewater reuse and application in both field crop irrigation and other outdoor needs.
VL  - 6
IS  - 5
ER  -

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