Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine

Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández; Silvia María Pérez Pérez

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12

| Peer-Reviewed

Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine

Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández, Silvia María Pérez Pérez

Published in International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics (Volume 7, Issue 4)

Received: 28 June 2021 Accepted: 13 July 2021 Published: 9 August 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Background: the relationship between sample size and errors of the first and second type, which are taken in those studies, where there are properly supported hypotheses, who is detailed in the classical literature; but without indicating a design of the methodology to follow. These analytical resources, as well as the ways to obtain the experimental data. Aims: to design a methodology to establish the concordance between the sample size, such as clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine. Method: statistical methods, procedures, and algorithms are applied, combined with theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, and abstraction-concretion to determine the size of the sample. The empirical methods applied are framed mainly in the observation of the records of the experimental data. The document review method is used, through books, and articles referring. Results: a methodology is designed, in which the correspondence between the minimum size of the sample. Conclusions: through elaborated health situations, the need to establish a methodology as a work tool to determine the concordance between the sample size, the errors of the first and second gender is evidenced; in research with a predetermined significance level, based on experimental data in clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine.

Published in	International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics (Volume 7, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12
Page(s)	68-71
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Mathematical Model, Resolution of Medical Problems, Experimental Design

References

[1]	Escalona L A, Pérez S M. Didactic alternative to stimulate the creative thinking of teachers and students. AMC Magazine [Internet]. 2019 [cited 2020 Jun 16]; 23 (1): [approx. 9 p.]. Available at: http://www.revistaamc.sld.cu/index.php/amc/article/view/6113.
[2]	De la Horra J. Applied Statistics [Internet]. Madrid, Spain: Editorial Díaz de Santos S. A; 2012 [cited 2018 Mar 28]. Available at: https://estadisticaunicaes.files.wordpress.com/2012/05/uned-estadc3adstica-aplicada-julic3a1n-de-la-horra.pdf.
[3]	Efímov A, Korakulin P, Pospélov P, Teréschenko A, Vokolov E, Zemskov V, et al. Problems of Higher Mathematics. Moscow: Editorial Mir; 2014.
[4]	Koroliuk V. Manual of probability theory and mathematical statistics. Moscow: Editorial Mir; 2016.
[5]	Pérez, S. The hypothetical deductive reasoning in the training of the general practitioner. Doctoral thesis, Holguín Higher Pedagogical Institute. Cuba. [cited 2020 September 12]. Available at: http://tesis.sld.cu/index.php?P=Home.
[6]	Escalona L A. Construction and interpretation of curves of elementary functions and the resolution of optimization problems to solve medical professional problems. Thesis as an option to the scientific degree of Doctor in Pedagogical Sciences, University of Holguín. Cuba. 2019 [cited 2020 January 10]; [approx. 216p.] Available at: http://tesis.sld.cu/index.php?P=Home.
[7]	Swift L, Miles S, Price GM, Shepstone L, Leinster SJ. Do doctors need statistics? Doctors´ use of and attitudes to probability and statistics. Stat Med. 2009; 28 (15): 1969-81.
[8]	Gambrill, W., "False Positives on Newborns' Disease Tests Worry Parents", Health Day, (5 June 2006).
[9]	Who Working Group on the Clinical Characterization and Management of COVID-19 infection. A minimal common outcome measure set for COVID-19 clinical research. Lancet. 2020 [cited 2020 July 23]; Available from: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30483-7/fulltext#%20.10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30483-7 [PMC free article] [PubMed].
[10]	Ball G. Continuous safety monitoring for randomized controlled clinical trials with blinded treatment information. Part 4: one method. Contemp Clin Trials. 2011; 32 Suppl 1: S11-7. doi: 10.1016/ j.cct.2011.05.008 [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
[11]	Kaiser LD. Dynamic randomization and a randomization model for clinical trials data. Stat Med. 2012; 31 (29): 3858–3873. doi: 10.1002/ sim.5448 [PMC free article] [PubMed] [CrossRef] [Google Scholar].
[12]	Rees EM, Nightingale ES, Jafari Y, Waterlow N, Clifford S, Pearson CAB, et al. COVID-19 length of hospital stay: a systematic review and data synthesis. medRxiv 2020.04.30.20084780; [cited 2020 July 23]. Available from: https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2020.04.30.20084780v3. DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.30.20084780 [PMC free article] [PubMed].
[13]	Wang Y, Zhang D, Du G, Du R, Zhao J, Jin Y, et al. Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2020; 395: 1569–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736 (20)31022-9.SS
[14]	Hung IF, Lung KC, Tso EY, Liu R, Chung TW, Chu MY, et al. Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir-ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10238): 1695–704. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31042-4..
[15]	Boulware DR, Pullen MF, Bangdiwala AS, Pastick KA, Lofgren SM, Okafor EC, et al. A randomized trial of hydroxychloroquine as Postexposure prophylaxis for Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020: NEJMoa2016638. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2016638.
[16]	Ingram DD, Kleinman JC. Empirical comparisons of proportional hazards and logistic regression models. Stat Med. 1989; 8 (5): 525–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.4780080502.
[17]	Aadland, E.; Andersen, L. B.; Anderssen, S. A.; Resaland, G. K.; Kvalheim, O. M. Associations of volumes and patterns of physical activity with metabolic health in children: A multivariate pattern analysis approach. Prev. Med. 2018, 115, 12–18 [CrossRef] [PubMed].
[18]	Kaiser LD. Dynamic randomization and a randomization model for clinical trials data. Stat Med. 2012; 31 (29): 3858–73. https://doi.org/10.1002/sim.5448.
[19]	Srivastava DK, Rai SN, Pan J. Robustness of an odds-ratio test in a stratified group sequential trial with a binary outcome measure. Biom J. 2007; 49 (3): 351–64.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández, Silvia María Pérez Pérez. (2021). Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics, 7(4), 68-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández; Silvia María Pérez Pérez. Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine. Int. J. Theor. Appl. Math. 2021, 7(4), 68-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández, Silvia María Pérez Pérez. Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine. Int J Theor Appl Math. 2021;7(4):68-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12,
  author = {Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández and Silvia María Pérez Pérez},
  title = {Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine},
  journal = {International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {68-71},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijtam.20210704.12},
  abstract = {Background: the relationship between sample size and errors of the first and second type, which are taken in those studies, where there are properly supported hypotheses, who is detailed in the classical literature; but without indicating a design of the methodology to follow. These analytical resources, as well as the ways to obtain the experimental data. Aims: to design a methodology to establish the concordance between the sample size, such as clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine. Method: statistical methods, procedures, and algorithms are applied, combined with theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, and abstraction-concretion to determine the size of the sample. The empirical methods applied are framed mainly in the observation of the records of the experimental data. The document review method is used, through books, and articles referring. Results: a methodology is designed, in which the correspondence between the minimum size of the sample. Conclusions: through elaborated health situations, the need to establish a methodology as a work tool to determine the concordance between the sample size, the errors of the first and second gender is evidenced; in research with a predetermined significance level, based on experimental data in clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine
AU  - Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández
AU  - Silvia María Pérez Pérez
Y1  - 2021/08/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12
T2  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
JF  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
JO  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
SP  - 68
EP  - 71
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5080
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12
AB  - Background: the relationship between sample size and errors of the first and second type, which are taken in those studies, where there are properly supported hypotheses, who is detailed in the classical literature; but without indicating a design of the methodology to follow. These analytical resources, as well as the ways to obtain the experimental data. Aims: to design a methodology to establish the concordance between the sample size, such as clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine. Method: statistical methods, procedures, and algorithms are applied, combined with theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, and abstraction-concretion to determine the size of the sample. The empirical methods applied are framed mainly in the observation of the records of the experimental data. The document review method is used, through books, and articles referring. Results: a methodology is designed, in which the correspondence between the minimum size of the sample. Conclusions: through elaborated health situations, the need to establish a methodology as a work tool to determine the concordance between the sample size, the errors of the first and second gender is evidenced; in research with a predetermined significance level, based on experimental data in clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández

Faculty of Medical Sciences, Holguín University of Medical Sciences, Holgu, Cuba
Silvia María Pérez Pérez

Faculty of Medical Sciences, Holguín University of Medical Sciences, Holgu, Cuba

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández, Silvia María Pérez Pérez. (2021). Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine. International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics, 7(4), 68-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández; Silvia María Pérez Pérez. Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine. Int. J. Theor. Appl. Math. 2021, 7(4), 68-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández, Silvia María Pérez Pérez. Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine. Int J Theor Appl Math. 2021;7(4):68-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12,
  author = {Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández and Silvia María Pérez Pérez},
  title = {Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine},
  journal = {International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {4},
  pages = {68-71},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijtam.20210704.12},
  abstract = {Background: the relationship between sample size and errors of the first and second type, which are taken in those studies, where there are properly supported hypotheses, who is detailed in the classical literature; but without indicating a design of the methodology to follow. These analytical resources, as well as the ways to obtain the experimental data. Aims: to design a methodology to establish the concordance between the sample size, such as clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine. Method: statistical methods, procedures, and algorithms are applied, combined with theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, and abstraction-concretion to determine the size of the sample. The empirical methods applied are framed mainly in the observation of the records of the experimental data. The document review method is used, through books, and articles referring. Results: a methodology is designed, in which the correspondence between the minimum size of the sample. Conclusions: through elaborated health situations, the need to establish a methodology as a work tool to determine the concordance between the sample size, the errors of the first and second gender is evidenced; in research with a predetermined significance level, based on experimental data in clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Concordance Between the Size of the Sign and the Errors of First and Second Kind to Investigations in Medicine
AU  - Luis Alberto Escalona Fernández
AU  - Silvia María Pérez Pérez
Y1  - 2021/08/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12
T2  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
JF  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
JO  - International Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mathematics
SP  - 68
EP  - 71
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-5080
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijtam.20210704.12
AB  - Background: the relationship between sample size and errors of the first and second type, which are taken in those studies, where there are properly supported hypotheses, who is detailed in the classical literature; but without indicating a design of the methodology to follow. These analytical resources, as well as the ways to obtain the experimental data. Aims: to design a methodology to establish the concordance between the sample size, such as clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine. Method: statistical methods, procedures, and algorithms are applied, combined with theoretical methods: analysis-synthesis, induction-deduction, and abstraction-concretion to determine the size of the sample. The empirical methods applied are framed mainly in the observation of the records of the experimental data. The document review method is used, through books, and articles referring. Results: a methodology is designed, in which the correspondence between the minimum size of the sample. Conclusions: through elaborated health situations, the need to establish a methodology as a work tool to determine the concordance between the sample size, the errors of the first and second gender is evidenced; in research with a predetermined significance level, based on experimental data in clinical trials, controlled and randomized studies in medicine.
VL  - 7
IS  - 4
ER  -

Copy | Download