Background: Proparacaine hydrochloride (PH), as a a local anesthetic, is used regularly in ophthalmic surgery and optometry. However, few pieces of research on the ocular surface toxicity of PH eye drops have so far been reported. Purpuse: To evaluate the effect of PH on the ocular surface of mice. Methods: Male C57/BL6 mice were divided into four groups: normal, vehicle-treated, 0.05% PH-treated and 0.5% PH treated 7 days. The clinical indications were tear production, corneal sensitivity, and fluorescein staining. The structure and morphology of the cornea were examined by confocal microscopy; the thickness of the corneal center was examined by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT); and the corneal epithelial microvilli morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to characterize the central corneal morphology. Immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin 10 (K10) was employed to evaluate squamous metaplasia in the corneal epithelium. Results: The results show that topical PH treatment diminished tear production and corneal sensitivity, and increased corneal fluorescein staining scores. Moreover, PH altered the corneal epithelial microvilli morphology, disrupted the epithelial barrier of the cornea, and promoted apoptosis of ocular surface cells. Furthermore, the expression of K10 in the corneal epithelium was found to be increased. Conclusion: Treatment with 0.5% PH caused instability of the tear film, and changes in corneal sensitivity and ocular surface homeostasis.
| Published in | International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science (Volume 6, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17 |
| Page(s) | 46-53 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Proparacaine Hydrochloride, Cornea, Ocular Surface
| [1] | Bashir H, JT Seykora, V Lee. (2017). Invisible Shield: Review of the Corneal Epithelium as a Barrier to UV Radiation, Pathogens, and Other Environmental Stimuli. J Ophthalmic Vis Res, 12 (3): 305-311. |
| [2] | Kurpakus-Wheater M, KA Kernacki, LD Hazlett. (2001). Maintaining corneal integrity how the "window" stays clear. Prog Histochem Cytochem, 36 (3): 185-259. |
| [3] | Loma P, A Guzman-Aranguez, MJ Perez de Lara, J Pintor. (2015). Diadenosine tetraphosphate induces tight junction disassembly thus increasing corneal epithelial permeability. Br J Pharmacol, 172 (4): 1045-58. |
| [4] | Kilic A, B Gurler. (2006). Subtenon lidocaine vs topical proparacaine in adult strabismus surgery. Ann Ophthalmol (Skokie), 38 (3): 201-6. |
| [5] | Judge AJ, K Najafi, DA Lee, KM Miller. (1997). Corneal endothelial toxicity of topical anesthesia. Ophthalmology, 104 (9): 1373-9. |
| [6] | Wen Q, TJ Fan, SR Bai, YL Sui. (2015). Cytotoxicity of proparacaine to human corneal endothelial cells in vitro. J Toxicol Sci, 40 (4): 427-436. |
| [7] | Rosenwasser GOD, S Holland, SC Pflugfelder, M Lugo, DG Heidemann, WW Culbertson, H Kattan. (1990). Topical Anesthetic Abuse. Ophthalmology, 97 (8): 967-972. |
| [8] | Sarkar J, S Chaudhary, A Namavari, O Ozturk, JH Chang, L Yco, S Sonawane, V Khanolkar, J Hallak, S Jain. (2012). Corneal Neurotoxicity Due to Topical Benzalkonium Chloride. Invest Ophth Vis Sci, 53 (4): 1792-1802. |
| [9] | Rasmussen CA, PL Kaufman, JA Kiland. (2014). Benzalkonium Chloride and Glaucoma. J Ocul Pharmacol Th, 30 (2-3): 163-169. |
| [10] | Rocha EM, M Alves, JD Rios, DA Dartt. (2008). The aging lacrimal gland: Changes in structure and function. Ocul Surf, 6 (4): 162-174. |
| [11] | Pauly A, F Brignole-Baudouin, A Labbe, H Liang, JM Warnet, C Baudouin. (2007). New tools for the evaluation of toxic ocular surface changes in the rat. Invest Ophth Vis Sci, 48 (12): 5473-5483. |
| [12] | Zhang LY, DL Zou, SM Li, JQ Wang, YLW Qu, SK Ou, CK Jia, J Li, H He, TT Liu, J Yang, YX Chen, ZG Liu, W Li. (2016). An Ultra-thin Amniotic Membrane as Carrier in Corneal Epithelium Tissue-Engineering. Sci Rep-Uk, 6. |
| [13] | Tembo AC, V Parker, I Higgins. (2013). The experience of sleep deprivation in intensive care patients: Findings from a larger hermeneutic phenomenological study. Intens Crit Care Nur, 29 (6): 310-316. |
| [14] | Noguti J, TA Alvarenga, P Marchi, CTF Oshima, ML Andersen, DA Ribeiro. (2015). The influence of sleep restriction on expression of apoptosis regulatory proteins p53, Bcl-2 and Bax following rat tongue carcinogenesis induced by 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide. J Oral Pathol Med, 44 (3): 222-228. |
| [15] | Park B, IS Lee, SW Hyun, K Jo, TG Lee, JS Kim, CS Kim. (2018). The Protective Effect of Polygonum cuspidatum (PCE) Aqueous Extract in a Dry Eye Model. Nutrients, 10 (10). |
| [16] | Varga JH, RS Rubinfeld, TC Wolf, RD Stutzman, KA Peele, WS Clifford, W Madigan. (1997). Topical anesthetic abuse ring keratitis: Report of four cases. Cornea, 16 (4): 424-429. |
| [17] | Moreira LB, N Kasetsuwan, D Sanchez, SS Shah, L LaBree, PJ McDonnell. (1999). Toxicity of topical anesthetic agents to human keratocytes in vivo. J Cataract Refr Surg, 25 (7): 975-980. |
| [18] | Webber SK, GL Sutton, MA Lawless, CM Rogers. (1999). Ring keratitis from topical anaesthetic misuse. Aust Nz J Ophthalmol, 27 (6): 440-442. |
| [19] | Hou YC, IJ Wang, FR Hu. (2009). Ring Keratitis Associated With Topical Abuse of a Dilute Anesthetic After Refractive Surgery. J Formos Med Assoc, 108 (12): 967-972. |
| [20] | Eleftheriadis H, M Cheong, S Sandeman, PP Syam, P Brittain, GK Klintworth, A Lloyd, C Liu. (2002). Corneal toxicity secondary to inadvertent use of benzalkonium chloride preserved viscoelastic material in cataract surgery. Brit J Ophthalmol, 86 (3): 299-305. |
| [21] | Marfurt CF, J Cox, S Deek, L Dvorscak. (2010). Anatomy of the human corneal innervation. Exp Eye Res, 90 (4): 478-492. |
| [22] | Muller LJ, CF Marfurt, F Kruse, TMT Tervo. (2003). Corneal nerves: structure, contents and function. Exp Eye Res, 76 (5): 521-542. |
| [23] | Wang C, T Fu, CY Xia, ZJ Li. (2012). Changes in Mouse Corneal Epithelial Innervation with Age. Invest Ophth Vis Sci, 53 (8): 5077-5084. |
| [24] | Erdelyi B, R Kraak, A Zhivov, R Guthoff, J Nemeth. (2007). In vivo confocal laser scanning microscopy of the cornea in dry eye. Graef Arch Clin Exp, 245 (1): 39-44. |
| [25] | Dvorscak L, CF Marfurt. (2008). Age-related changes in rat corneal epithelial nerve density. Invest Ophth Vis Sci, 49 (3): 910-916. |
| [26] | Patel DV, M Tavakoli, JP Craig, N Efron, CNJ McGhee. (2009). Corneal Sensitivity and Slit Scanning In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of the Subbasal Nerve Plexus of the Normal Central and Peripheral Human Cornea. Cornea, 28 (7): 735-740. |
| [27] | Cruzat A, Y Qazi, P Hamrah. (2017). In Vivo Confocal Microscopy of Corneal Nerves in Health and Disease. Ocul Surf, 15 (1): 15-47. |
| [28] | Binder DR, IP Herring. (2006). Duration of corneal anesthesia following topical administration of 0.5% proparacaine hydrochloride solution in clinically normal cats. Am J Vet Res, 67 (10): 1780-1782. |
| [29] | Pult H, SGP Tosatti, ND Spencer, JM Asfour, M Ebenhoch, PJ Murphy. (2015). Spontaneous Blinking from a Tribological Viewpoint. Ocul Surf, 13 (3): 236-249. |
| [30] | Naase T, MJ Doughty, NF Button. (2005). An assessment of the pattern of spontaneous eyeblink activity under the influence of topical ocular anaesthesia. Graef Arch Clin Exp, 243 (4): 306-312. |
| [31] | Murube J, L Rivas. (2003). Impression cytology on conjunctiva and cornea in dry eye patients establishes a correlation between squamous metaplasia and dry eye clinical severity. Eur J Ophthalmol, 13 (2): 115-127. |
| [32] | Hwang ES, JM Schallhorn, JB Randleman. (2020). Utility of regional epithelial thickness measurements in corneal evaluations. Surv Ophthalmol, 65 (2): 187-204. |
APA Style
Xiaofeng Li, Xuemei Wang, Yanzi Wang, Huping Wu, Cheng Li. (2021). Effect of Proparacaine Hydrochloride Eye Drops on the Ocular Surface. International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 6(1), 46-53. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17
ACS Style
Xiaofeng Li; Xuemei Wang; Yanzi Wang; Huping Wu; Cheng Li. Effect of Proparacaine Hydrochloride Eye Drops on the Ocular Surface. Int. J. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 2021, 6(1), 46-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17
AMA Style
Xiaofeng Li, Xuemei Wang, Yanzi Wang, Huping Wu, Cheng Li. Effect of Proparacaine Hydrochloride Eye Drops on the Ocular Surface. Int J Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2021;6(1):46-53. doi: 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17,
author = {Xiaofeng Li and Xuemei Wang and Yanzi Wang and Huping Wu and Cheng Li},
title = {Effect of Proparacaine Hydrochloride Eye Drops on the Ocular Surface},
journal = {International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {46-53},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijovs.20210601.17},
abstract = {Background: Proparacaine hydrochloride (PH), as a a local anesthetic, is used regularly in ophthalmic surgery and optometry. However, few pieces of research on the ocular surface toxicity of PH eye drops have so far been reported. Purpuse: To evaluate the effect of PH on the ocular surface of mice. Methods: Male C57/BL6 mice were divided into four groups: normal, vehicle-treated, 0.05% PH-treated and 0.5% PH treated 7 days. The clinical indications were tear production, corneal sensitivity, and fluorescein staining. The structure and morphology of the cornea were examined by confocal microscopy; the thickness of the corneal center was examined by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT); and the corneal epithelial microvilli morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to characterize the central corneal morphology. Immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin 10 (K10) was employed to evaluate squamous metaplasia in the corneal epithelium. Results: The results show that topical PH treatment diminished tear production and corneal sensitivity, and increased corneal fluorescein staining scores. Moreover, PH altered the corneal epithelial microvilli morphology, disrupted the epithelial barrier of the cornea, and promoted apoptosis of ocular surface cells. Furthermore, the expression of K10 in the corneal epithelium was found to be increased. Conclusion: Treatment with 0.5% PH caused instability of the tear film, and changes in corneal sensitivity and ocular surface homeostasis.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Effect of Proparacaine Hydrochloride Eye Drops on the Ocular Surface AU - Xiaofeng Li AU - Xuemei Wang AU - Yanzi Wang AU - Huping Wu AU - Cheng Li Y1 - 2021/03/10 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17 DO - 10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17 T2 - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science JF - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science JO - International Journal of Ophthalmology & Visual Science SP - 46 EP - 53 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2637-3858 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijovs.20210601.17 AB - Background: Proparacaine hydrochloride (PH), as a a local anesthetic, is used regularly in ophthalmic surgery and optometry. However, few pieces of research on the ocular surface toxicity of PH eye drops have so far been reported. Purpuse: To evaluate the effect of PH on the ocular surface of mice. Methods: Male C57/BL6 mice were divided into four groups: normal, vehicle-treated, 0.05% PH-treated and 0.5% PH treated 7 days. The clinical indications were tear production, corneal sensitivity, and fluorescein staining. The structure and morphology of the cornea were examined by confocal microscopy; the thickness of the corneal center was examined by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT); and the corneal epithelial microvilli morphology was examined using scanning electron microscopy. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to characterize the central corneal morphology. Immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin 10 (K10) was employed to evaluate squamous metaplasia in the corneal epithelium. Results: The results show that topical PH treatment diminished tear production and corneal sensitivity, and increased corneal fluorescein staining scores. Moreover, PH altered the corneal epithelial microvilli morphology, disrupted the epithelial barrier of the cornea, and promoted apoptosis of ocular surface cells. Furthermore, the expression of K10 in the corneal epithelium was found to be increased. Conclusion: Treatment with 0.5% PH caused instability of the tear film, and changes in corneal sensitivity and ocular surface homeostasis. VL - 6 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: