Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste

Hilaire Elenga; Ferland Ngoro-Elenga; Martin Tchoumou; Jude Ngakosso Ngolo; Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby; Timothée Nsongo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14

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Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste

Hilaire Elenga, Ferland Ngoro-Elenga, Martin Tchoumou, Jude Ngakosso Ngolo, Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby, Timothée Nsongo

Published in International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 10, Issue 5)

Received: 23 August 2021 Accepted: 22 September 2021 Published: 16 October 2021

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Abstract

In this study, the authors evaluated the mechanical behavior of bricks made of clay material stabilized with 4% cement and mixed with different contents (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8%) of limba wood waste (sawdust and chips). The clayey raw material ANMK was characterized by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on oriented sheets (normal, glycol and heated to 490°C), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The chemical and mineralogical compositions of cement used were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by X-ray diffraction. This clay material consists of 96% kaolinite and 4% of the chlorite / montmorillonite interstratified. The morphology of the material observed by scanning electron microscopy showed an irregularity of clusters. The elementary analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy shows that this material is essentially aluminosilicate. The chemical analysis of the cement showed a predominance of CaO (67%) and SiO₂ (21%), however the mineralogical analysis showed the presence of calcite, alite, hatrurite and brownmillerite. This clay material has a mass shrinkage on drying of 26.6% and the linear shrinkage is 6.4%. The formulation with sawdust appears to give greater flexural and compressive strengths than those obtained with chips.

Published in	International Journal of Materials Science and Applications (Volume 10, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14
Page(s)	117-123
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Clay Brick, Cement, Wood Waste, Mechanical Behavior, X-ray Diffraction

References

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[2]	Ngoro-Elenga F., Elenga H., Nsongo T. & Ganga G. (2016). The influence of the nature of plant and mineral wastes on clay slabs resistance to flexion-traction. Research Journal of Materials Sciences, 4 (9), 1 – 5.
[3]	Ngoro-Elenga F., Ngopoh A. I., Elenga H., Mambou J.-R., Ngakosso Ngolo J. N. and Nsongo T.(2021). Characterization and application of the Makoua clay in chemical and bacteriological depollution of gutter and well waters of Brazzaville. Materials Sciences and Applications, 12, 263-275.
[4]	Kadir A. A. & Mohajerami A. (2011). Bricks: An excellent building material for recycling wastes. A review. Proceedings of the LASTED International Conference – Environmental Management and Engeeniring, july 4 – 6, Calgary, Canada, 108 – 115.
[5]	Chemani H & Chemani B. (2013). Valorization of wood sawdust in making porous clay bricks. Academic journal, 8 (15), 609 – 614.
[6]	Ngoro-Elenga F., Elenga H., Nsongo T. & Tamo Tatietsé T. (2016). Experimental study on the effect of wood sawdust and sand on the clay slabs resistance to compression. Research Journal of Engineering Sciences, 5 (11), 1 – 6.
[7]	Ngoro-Elenga F. (2017). Influence of plant and mineral wastes on the physicochemical properties of local materials for the elaboration of filter pavers. PhD thesis, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville (Congo), 145.
[8]	Ganga G. (2016). Study of the influence of the wood waste content on the mineralogical structure, the mechanical and acoustic properties of clay and laterite bricks. PhD thesis, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville (Congo), 149.
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[14]	NF EN 191 – 1. Methods of testing cement – Part 1: determination of strength, september 2016.
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[16]	Baccour Zghal H., Medhioub M. & Mhiri T. (2011). Physicochemical and mechanical characterization of ceramic materials obtained from tunisian clays. Verres, Céramiques & Composites, 1 (2), 25 – 33.
[17]	Thorez J. (1976). Pratical identification of clay minerals. Ed. G; Lelotte, Dison, 1 – 90.
[18]	Konan K. L. (2006). Interaction between clay material and basic medium rich in calcium. PhD thesis, University of Limoges (France), 143.
[19]	Pialy P. (2009). Study of same clay materials from the Lembo site (Cameroon): sintering behavior and analysis of elasticity properties. PhD thesis, University of Limoges (France), 130.
[20]	Mango Itulanga L. A. (2019). Valorization of clay deposits for the manufacture of compressed earth blocks. PhD thesis, University of Lieges (Belgium), 157.

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Hilaire Elenga, Ferland Ngoro-Elenga, Martin Tchoumou, Jude Ngakosso Ngolo, Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby, et al. (2021). Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 10(5), 117-123. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14

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ACS Style

Hilaire Elenga; Ferland Ngoro-Elenga; Martin Tchoumou; Jude Ngakosso Ngolo; Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby, et al. Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2021, 10(5), 117-123. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14

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AMA Style

Hilaire Elenga, Ferland Ngoro-Elenga, Martin Tchoumou, Jude Ngakosso Ngolo, Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby, et al. Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2021;10(5):117-123. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14,
  author = {Hilaire Elenga and Ferland Ngoro-Elenga and Martin Tchoumou and Jude Ngakosso Ngolo and Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby and Timothée Nsongo},
  title = {Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {117-123},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20211005.14},
  abstract = {In this study, the authors evaluated the mechanical behavior of bricks made of clay material stabilized with 4% cement and mixed with different contents (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8%) of limba wood waste (sawdust and chips). The clayey raw material ANMK was characterized by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on oriented sheets (normal, glycol and heated to 490°C), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The chemical and mineralogical compositions of cement used were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by X-ray diffraction. This clay material consists of 96% kaolinite and 4% of the chlorite / montmorillonite interstratified. The morphology of the material observed by scanning electron microscopy showed an irregularity of clusters. The elementary analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy shows that this material is essentially aluminosilicate. The chemical analysis of the cement showed a predominance of CaO (67%) and SiO2 (21%), however the mineralogical analysis showed the presence of calcite, alite, hatrurite and brownmillerite. This clay material has a mass shrinkage on drying of 26.6% and the linear shrinkage is 6.4%. The formulation with sawdust appears to give greater flexural and compressive strengths than those obtained with chips.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste
AU  - Hilaire Elenga
AU  - Ferland Ngoro-Elenga
AU  - Martin Tchoumou
AU  - Jude Ngakosso Ngolo
AU  - Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby
AU  - Timothée Nsongo
Y1  - 2021/10/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 117
EP  - 123
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14
AB  - In this study, the authors evaluated the mechanical behavior of bricks made of clay material stabilized with 4% cement and mixed with different contents (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8%) of limba wood waste (sawdust and chips). The clayey raw material ANMK was characterized by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on oriented sheets (normal, glycol and heated to 490°C), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The chemical and mineralogical compositions of cement used were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by X-ray diffraction. This clay material consists of 96% kaolinite and 4% of the chlorite / montmorillonite interstratified. The morphology of the material observed by scanning electron microscopy showed an irregularity of clusters. The elementary analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy shows that this material is essentially aluminosilicate. The chemical analysis of the cement showed a predominance of CaO (67%) and SiO2 (21%), however the mineralogical analysis showed the presence of calcite, alite, hatrurite and brownmillerite. This clay material has a mass shrinkage on drying of 26.6% and the linear shrinkage is 6.4%. The formulation with sawdust appears to give greater flexural and compressive strengths than those obtained with chips.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

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Author Information

Hilaire Elenga

Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Ferland Ngoro-Elenga

Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Martin Tchoumou

Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Jude Ngakosso Ngolo

Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby

Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo
Timothée Nsongo

Faculty of Science and Technology, Marien Ngouabi University, Brazzaville, Congo

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Hilaire Elenga, Ferland Ngoro-Elenga, Martin Tchoumou, Jude Ngakosso Ngolo, Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby, et al. (2021). Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste. International Journal of Materials Science and Applications, 10(5), 117-123. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14

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ACS Style

Hilaire Elenga; Ferland Ngoro-Elenga; Martin Tchoumou; Jude Ngakosso Ngolo; Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby, et al. Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste. Int. J. Mater. Sci. Appl. 2021, 10(5), 117-123. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14

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AMA Style

Hilaire Elenga, Ferland Ngoro-Elenga, Martin Tchoumou, Jude Ngakosso Ngolo, Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby, et al. Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste. Int J Mater Sci Appl. 2021;10(5):117-123. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14,
  author = {Hilaire Elenga and Ferland Ngoro-Elenga and Martin Tchoumou and Jude Ngakosso Ngolo and Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby and Timothée Nsongo},
  title = {Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste},
  journal = {International Journal of Materials Science and Applications},
  volume = {10},
  number = {5},
  pages = {117-123},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmsa.20211005.14},
  abstract = {In this study, the authors evaluated the mechanical behavior of bricks made of clay material stabilized with 4% cement and mixed with different contents (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8%) of limba wood waste (sawdust and chips). The clayey raw material ANMK was characterized by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on oriented sheets (normal, glycol and heated to 490°C), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The chemical and mineralogical compositions of cement used were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by X-ray diffraction. This clay material consists of 96% kaolinite and 4% of the chlorite / montmorillonite interstratified. The morphology of the material observed by scanning electron microscopy showed an irregularity of clusters. The elementary analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy shows that this material is essentially aluminosilicate. The chemical analysis of the cement showed a predominance of CaO (67%) and SiO2 (21%), however the mineralogical analysis showed the presence of calcite, alite, hatrurite and brownmillerite. This clay material has a mass shrinkage on drying of 26.6% and the linear shrinkage is 6.4%. The formulation with sawdust appears to give greater flexural and compressive strengths than those obtained with chips.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Clay Bricks Stabilized at 4% Cement and Mixed with Limba Wood Waste
AU  - Hilaire Elenga
AU  - Ferland Ngoro-Elenga
AU  - Martin Tchoumou
AU  - Jude Ngakosso Ngolo
AU  - Ottard Mwa Ngo Ossiby
AU  - Timothée Nsongo
Y1  - 2021/10/16
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14
T2  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Materials Science and Applications
SP  - 117
EP  - 123
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2327-2643
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmsa.20211005.14
AB  - In this study, the authors evaluated the mechanical behavior of bricks made of clay material stabilized with 4% cement and mixed with different contents (0; 2; 4; 6 and 8%) of limba wood waste (sawdust and chips). The clayey raw material ANMK was characterized by the method of X-ray diffraction (XRD) on oriented sheets (normal, glycol and heated to 490°C), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The chemical and mineralogical compositions of cement used were determined by inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and by X-ray diffraction. This clay material consists of 96% kaolinite and 4% of the chlorite / montmorillonite interstratified. The morphology of the material observed by scanning electron microscopy showed an irregularity of clusters. The elementary analysis by energy dispersive spectroscopy shows that this material is essentially aluminosilicate. The chemical analysis of the cement showed a predominance of CaO (67%) and SiO2 (21%), however the mineralogical analysis showed the presence of calcite, alite, hatrurite and brownmillerite. This clay material has a mass shrinkage on drying of 26.6% and the linear shrinkage is 6.4%. The formulation with sawdust appears to give greater flexural and compressive strengths than those obtained with chips.
VL  - 10
IS  - 5
ER  -

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