Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods

Ishimwe Irene Fidele

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11

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Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods

Ishimwe Irene Fidele

Published in International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 27 July 2021 Accepted: 6 August 2021 Published: 13 August 2021

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Abstract

Given the increasing necessity of improving the structural assembly methods especially in the aviation industry; a proper study by comparison of the currently used methods could reveal to be helpful in choosing the right method to achieve one’s manufacturing goals. It could also incite further researches to solve the existing deficiencies in this domain or make more efficient the existing ones. With the above-mentioned motives, this paper is a close look at dimpling methods. This paper will revise the key characteristics of hot dimpling and cold dimpling by experimental results on sheet materials with different properties. Tensile test and shear test were carried out to evaluate the strength of the sheet material after each dimpling method and study diverse failures remarked while doing experiments. The dimples’ status, fatigue and especially radial cracks and hole sizes, is evaluated. We wish to achieve dimples that permit the rivets to sit flush with the surface of the surrounding material and rivet’s head to fit with no defect. Due to the increasing complexities encountered in the manufacturing and assembly of air and space vehicles, missile systems and associated equipment, this research is provided to be used as an enlightenment to dimpling processes; especially ram coin dimpling. The ram coin dimpling method is divided into cold dimpling (room temperature) and hot dimpling (increased temperature). Comparing this research paper to the studies previously done, we found that hot dimpling though requiring a lot more attention proves to be more efficient on thick or brittle sheet materials, where cold dimpling would produce radial cracks.

Published in	International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11
Page(s)	42-49
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ram Coin Dimpling, Countersinking, Riveting, Sheet Material, Deburring, Tensile Test

References

[1]	C. Rans, P. V. Straznicky (2004); “Avoiding knife-edge countersinks in Glare through dimpling”. Department of Mechanical and aerospace engineering, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada.
[2]	Müller, R. P. G. (1995), “An experimental and analytical investigation on the fatigue behaviour of fuselage riveted lap joints: the significance of the rivet squeeze force and a comparison of 2024-T3 and Glare 3.” PhD. dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
[3]	Urban MR (2003) Analysis of the fatigue life of riveted sheet metal helicopter airframe joints. Int J Fatigue.
[4]	Sohel Rana M, Makabe C, Fujiwara G (2009) The effect of hole shape on the extent of fatigue life improvement by cold expansions. Eng Fail Anal.
[5]	Young, J. B., Lee, K. K. (1993), “Stress concentration factors in countersunk holes,” Aeronautical Journal, 97, (968), 267-276.
[6]	Bombardier Aerospace, SD 3-60 Structural repair manual.
[7]	George Nadim Melhem. (2019); Aerospace Fasteners: Use in structural Applications. Encyclopedia of aluminum and Its Alloys (pp. 30-45).
[8]	G. Nadim Melhem, P. Munroe, C. Sorrell. (2019) Field Trials of Aerospace Fasteners in Mechanical and Structural Applications.
[9]	Park CY, Grandt Jr AF, Suh JJ (2006) Stress intensity factors for surface cracks at countersunk holes. Eng Fract Mech.
[10]	V. B. Nguyen, C. J. Wang, D. J. Mynors et al., Dimpling process in cold roll metal forming by finite element modeling and experimental validation. J. Manuf. Process.
[11]	V. B. Nguyen, C. J. Wang, D. J. Mynors, M. A. English, M. A. Castellucci, Compression tests of cold-formed plain and dimpled steel columns. J Construct Steel Res.
[12]	Chishti, M.; Wang C.; Thomson, R.; Oriﬁci, A. Experimental investigation of damage progression and strength of countersunk composite joints. Compos. Struct. 2012, ^$.94 (3), 865–873.
[13]	Liu Y S, He X D, Shao X J, et al. Analytical and experimental investigation of fatigue and fracture behaviors for anti-double dog-bone riveted joints. Engineering Failure Analysis 2010; 17 (6): 1447-1456.
[14]	Ray Ms, Matthew IR, Frame JW (1998) Metallic fragments on the surface of miniplates and screws before insertion. British J Oral Maxill Surg.
[15]	Kyoung-Yun Kim, Jaemun Sim, Noor-E Jannat, Fahim Ahmed, Sattar Ameri (2019) Challenges in riveting quality prediction: a literature survey; Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
[16]	Dr. ir. R. C. (René) Alderliesten, (2018) Introduction to Aerospace Structures and Materials.

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APA Style

Ishimwe Irene Fidele. (2021). Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 9(3), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11

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ACS Style

Ishimwe Irene Fidele. Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2021, 9(3), 42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11

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AMA Style

Ishimwe Irene Fidele. Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2021;9(3):42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11,
  author = {Ishimwe Irene Fidele},
  title = {Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {42-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20210903.11},
  abstract = {Given the increasing necessity of improving the structural assembly methods especially in the aviation industry; a proper study by comparison of the currently used methods could reveal to be helpful in choosing the right method to achieve one’s manufacturing goals. It could also incite further researches to solve the existing deficiencies in this domain or make more efficient the existing ones. With the above-mentioned motives, this paper is a close look at dimpling methods. This paper will revise the key characteristics of hot dimpling and cold dimpling by experimental results on sheet materials with different properties. Tensile test and shear test were carried out to evaluate the strength of the sheet material after each dimpling method and study diverse failures remarked while doing experiments. The dimples’ status, fatigue and especially radial cracks and hole sizes, is evaluated. We wish to achieve dimples that permit the rivets to sit flush with the surface of the surrounding material and rivet’s head to fit with no defect. Due to the increasing complexities encountered in the manufacturing and assembly of air and space vehicles, missile systems and associated equipment, this research is provided to be used as an enlightenment to dimpling processes; especially ram coin dimpling. The ram coin dimpling method is divided into cold dimpling (room temperature) and hot dimpling (increased temperature). Comparing this research paper to the studies previously done, we found that hot dimpling though requiring a lot more attention proves to be more efficient on thick or brittle sheet materials, where cold dimpling would produce radial cracks.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods
AU  - Ishimwe Irene Fidele
Y1  - 2021/08/13
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11
T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP  - 42
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0248
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11
AB  - Given the increasing necessity of improving the structural assembly methods especially in the aviation industry; a proper study by comparison of the currently used methods could reveal to be helpful in choosing the right method to achieve one’s manufacturing goals. It could also incite further researches to solve the existing deficiencies in this domain or make more efficient the existing ones. With the above-mentioned motives, this paper is a close look at dimpling methods. This paper will revise the key characteristics of hot dimpling and cold dimpling by experimental results on sheet materials with different properties. Tensile test and shear test were carried out to evaluate the strength of the sheet material after each dimpling method and study diverse failures remarked while doing experiments. The dimples’ status, fatigue and especially radial cracks and hole sizes, is evaluated. We wish to achieve dimples that permit the rivets to sit flush with the surface of the surrounding material and rivet’s head to fit with no defect. Due to the increasing complexities encountered in the manufacturing and assembly of air and space vehicles, missile systems and associated equipment, this research is provided to be used as an enlightenment to dimpling processes; especially ram coin dimpling. The ram coin dimpling method is divided into cold dimpling (room temperature) and hot dimpling (increased temperature). Comparing this research paper to the studies previously done, we found that hot dimpling though requiring a lot more attention proves to be more efficient on thick or brittle sheet materials, where cold dimpling would produce radial cracks.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ishimwe Irene Fidele

School of Aircraft Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, People’s Republic of China

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Ishimwe Irene Fidele. (2021). Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications, 9(3), 42-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11

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ACS Style

Ishimwe Irene Fidele. Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods. Int. J. Mech. Eng. Appl. 2021, 9(3), 42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ishimwe Irene Fidele. Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods. Int J Mech Eng Appl. 2021;9(3):42-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11,
  author = {Ishimwe Irene Fidele},
  title = {Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods},
  journal = {International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {42-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmea.20210903.11},
  abstract = {Given the increasing necessity of improving the structural assembly methods especially in the aviation industry; a proper study by comparison of the currently used methods could reveal to be helpful in choosing the right method to achieve one’s manufacturing goals. It could also incite further researches to solve the existing deficiencies in this domain or make more efficient the existing ones. With the above-mentioned motives, this paper is a close look at dimpling methods. This paper will revise the key characteristics of hot dimpling and cold dimpling by experimental results on sheet materials with different properties. Tensile test and shear test were carried out to evaluate the strength of the sheet material after each dimpling method and study diverse failures remarked while doing experiments. The dimples’ status, fatigue and especially radial cracks and hole sizes, is evaluated. We wish to achieve dimples that permit the rivets to sit flush with the surface of the surrounding material and rivet’s head to fit with no defect. Due to the increasing complexities encountered in the manufacturing and assembly of air and space vehicles, missile systems and associated equipment, this research is provided to be used as an enlightenment to dimpling processes; especially ram coin dimpling. The ram coin dimpling method is divided into cold dimpling (room temperature) and hot dimpling (increased temperature). Comparing this research paper to the studies previously done, we found that hot dimpling though requiring a lot more attention proves to be more efficient on thick or brittle sheet materials, where cold dimpling would produce radial cracks.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Ram Coin Dimpling: Assessment of Modern Dimpling Methods
AU  - Ishimwe Irene Fidele
Y1  - 2021/08/13
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11
T2  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Applications
SP  - 42
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0248
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmea.20210903.11
AB  - Given the increasing necessity of improving the structural assembly methods especially in the aviation industry; a proper study by comparison of the currently used methods could reveal to be helpful in choosing the right method to achieve one’s manufacturing goals. It could also incite further researches to solve the existing deficiencies in this domain or make more efficient the existing ones. With the above-mentioned motives, this paper is a close look at dimpling methods. This paper will revise the key characteristics of hot dimpling and cold dimpling by experimental results on sheet materials with different properties. Tensile test and shear test were carried out to evaluate the strength of the sheet material after each dimpling method and study diverse failures remarked while doing experiments. The dimples’ status, fatigue and especially radial cracks and hole sizes, is evaluated. We wish to achieve dimples that permit the rivets to sit flush with the surface of the surrounding material and rivet’s head to fit with no defect. Due to the increasing complexities encountered in the manufacturing and assembly of air and space vehicles, missile systems and associated equipment, this research is provided to be used as an enlightenment to dimpling processes; especially ram coin dimpling. The ram coin dimpling method is divided into cold dimpling (room temperature) and hot dimpling (increased temperature). Comparing this research paper to the studies previously done, we found that hot dimpling though requiring a lot more attention proves to be more efficient on thick or brittle sheet materials, where cold dimpling would produce radial cracks.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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