Proteases are the most important class of industrial enzymes accounting for 60% of the global industrial enzyme market. Microorganisms are the major source of these enzymes. Production of hyrolysates from different protein sources is among the different application of proteases. Protein hydrolysates have a variety of food and non-food applications. Although different proteases are available in the market, there is always a need for the development of new enzymes from bacterial sources. This is especially important in countries like Ethiopia where there are no local enzyme producers. The aim of this study was, therefore, to isolate new protease producing bacterial isolates to be used for the hydrolysis of slaughterhouse offal, optimize enzyme production and hydrolysis conditions, and test hydrolysates as a microbiological growth media. Based on screening data on solid and liquid media, one bacterial isolate designated as aau5 was selected for further study. The isolate grew under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and produced up to 5,773 U/g of enzyme. Enzyme production was optimal when the solid to moisture ratio was 1:2 (66.7% moisture content) and in the presence of organic nitrogen sources. Protease aau5 was optimally active at pH 7.5 and temperature of 55°C. After one hour incubation, the enzyme retained up to 66% and 41% of its original activity at 50°C and 55°C, respectively. Protease aau5 was used for the hydrolysis of slaughter house offal (lung and bone) and soybean protein. The hydrolysate (peptone) was then tested as a microbiological media for the growth of different bacterial species. Compared to commercial peptone, hydrolysate obtained from lung (LPA) and bone extracted protein (BPA) supported better growth of the test organisms. So, by using waste and by products of slaughter houses, beneficial hydrolysate like peptone can be produced through enzymatic hydrolysis.
| Published in | International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology (Volume 6, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13 |
| Page(s) | 45-52 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Protease, Offal, Hydrolysis, Peptone
| [1] | Gupta, A., Roy, I., Patel, R. K., Singh, S. P., Khare, S. K. and Gupta, M. N. (2005). One-step purification and characterization of an alkaline protease from haloalkaliphilic Bacillus sp. Journal of chromatography. pp. 1075 (1): 103-108. |
| [2] | Harmsen, M. M. and De Haard, H. J. (2007). Properties, production, and applications of camelid single-domain antibody fragments. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. pp. 77 (1): 13-22. |
| [3] | Puri, S., Beg, Q. K. and Gupta, R. (2002). Optimization of alkaline protease production from Bacillus sp. by response surface methodology. Current microbiology. pp. 44 (4): 286-290. |
| [4] | Radha, S., Nithya, V. J., Himakiran Babu, R., Sridevi, A., Prasad, N. and Narasimha, G. (2011). Production and optimization of acid protease by Aspergillus spp under submerged fermentation. Arch Appl Sci Res. pp. 3 (2): 155-63. |
| [5] | Dalev, P. G. (1994). Utilisation of waste feathers from poultry slaughter for production of a protein concentrate. Bioresource Technology. pp. 48 (3): 265-267. |
| [6] | Oliva-Teles, A., Cerqueira, A. L. and Gonçalves, P. (1999). The utilization of diets containing high levels of fish protein hydrolysate by turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) juveniles. Aquaculture. pp. 179 (1): 195-201. |
| [7] | Rebah, F. B. and Miled, N. (2013). Fish processing wastes for microbial enzyme production: a review. 3 Biotech. pp. 3 (4): 255-265. |
| [8] | Irshad, A. and Sharma, B. D. (2015). Abattoir by-product utilization for sustainable meat industry: a review. Journal of Animal Production Advances. pp. 5 (6): 681-696. |
| [9] | Nolsoe, H. and Undeland, I. (2009). The acid and alkaline solubilization process for the isolation of muscle proteins: state of the art. Food and Bioprocess Technology. pp. 2 (1): 1-27. |
| [10] | Bogracheva, T. Y., Bespalova, N. Y. and Leont'ev, A. L. (1996). Isolation of 11S and 7S globulins from seeds of glycine max. Applied Biochemistry and Microbiology. pp. 32 (4): 429-433. |
| [11] | Andualem, B. and Gessesse, A. (2013). Production of microbial medium from defatted brebra (Milletia ferruginea) seed flour to substitute commercial peptone agar. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine. pp. 3 (10): 790-797. |
| [12] | Uzeh, R. E., Akinola, S. O. and Olatope, S. O. A. (2006). Production of peptone from soya beans (Glycine max L merr) and African locust beans (Parkia biglobosa). African Journal of Biotechnology. pp. 5 (18): 1684-1686. |
| [13] | Alves, P. D. D., de Faria Siqueira, F., Facchin, S., Horta, C. C. R., Victória, J. M. N. and Kalapothakis, E. (2014). Survey of microbial enzymes in soil, water, and plant microenvironments. The open microbiology journal. pp. 8 (25): 25–31. |
| [14] | Rajamani, S. and Hilda, A. (1987). Plate assay to screen fungi for proteolytic activity. Current Science. pp. 56 (22): 1179-1181. |
| [15] | Pandey, A. (2003). Solid-state fermentation. Biochemical Engineering Journal. pp. 13 (2): 81-84. |
| [16] | Kim, J. H., Hosobuchi, M., Kishimoto, M., Seki, T., Yoshida, T., Taguchi, H. and Ryu, D. D. (1985). Cellulase production by a solid state culture system. Biotechnology and Bioengineering. pp. 27 (10): 1445-1450. |
| [17] | Lonsane, B. K., Saucedo-Castaneda, G., Raimbault, M., Roussos, S., Viniegra-Gonzalez, G., Ghildyal, N. P., Ramakrishna, M. and Krishnaiah, M. M. (1992). Scale-up strategies for solid state fermentation systems. Process Biochemistry. pp. 27 (5): 259-273. |
| [18] | Agrawal, D., Patidar, P., Banerjee, T. and Patil, S. (2004). Production of alkaline protease by Penicillium sp. under SSF conditions and its application to soy protein hydrolysis. Process biochemistry. pp. 39 (8): 977-981. |
| [19] | Gupta, R., Beg, Q. and Lorenz, P. (2002). Bacterial alkaline proteases: molecular approaches and industrial applications. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. pp. 59 (1): 15-32. |
| [20] | Maier, R. M. and Soberon-Chavez, G. (2000). Pseudomonas aeruginosa rhamnolipids: biosynthesis and potential applications. Applied microbiology and biotechnology. pp. 54 (5): 625-633. |
| [21] | Shewry, P. R., Hawkesford, M. J., Piironen, V., Lampi, A. M., Gebruers, K., Boros, D., Andersson, A. A., Åman, P., Rakszegi, M., Bedo, Z. and Ward, J. L. (2013). Natural variation in grain composition of wheat and related cereals. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. pp. 61 (35): 8295-8303. |
| [22] | Phadatare, S. U., Deshpande, V. V. and Srinivasan, M. C. (1993). High activity alkaline protease from Conidiobolus coronatus (NCL 86.8. 20): enzyme production and compatibility with commercial detergents. Enzyme and microbial technology. pp. 15 (1): 72-76. |
| [23] | El-Safey, E. M. and Abdul-Raouf, U. M. (2004). Production, purification and characterization of protease enzyme from Bacillus subtilis. In International Conferences for Development and the Environment in the Arab World, Assiut University. pp. 2 (4): 23-25. |
| [24] | Kumar, C. G., Tiwari, M. P. and Jany, K. D. (1999). Novel alkaline serine proteases from alkalophilic Bacillus spp.: purification and some properties. Process Biochemistry. pp. 34 (5): 441-449. |
| [25] | Rao, M. B., Tanksale, A. M., Ghatge, M. S. and Deshpande, V. V. (1998). Molecular and biotechnological aspects of microbial proteases. Microbiology and molecular biology reviews. pp. 62 (3): 597-635. |
| [26] | Racheal, O. O., Ahmed, A. T. F., Ndigwe, E. V. and Morakinyo, S. D. (2015). Extraction, purification and characterization of protease from Aspergillus Niger isolated from yam peels. International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences. pp. 4 (2): 125-131. |
| [27] | Gray, V. L., Müller, C. T., Watkins, I. D. and Lloyd, D. (2008). Peptones from diverse sources: pivotal determinants of bacterial growth dynamics. Journal of applied microbiology. pp. 104 (2): 554-565. |
| [28] | Dufosse, L., De La Broisse, D. and Guerard, F. (1997). Fish protein hydrolysates as nitrogen sources for microbial growth and metabolite production. Recent Res. Dev. Microbiol. pp. 1: 365-381. |
| [29] | Nehete, J. Y., Bhambar, R. S., Narkhede, M. R. and Gawali, S. R. (2013). Natural proteins: Sources, isolation, characterization and applications. Pharmacognosy reviews. pp. 7 (14): 107-116. |
| [30] | Wang, Q., Wang, H. and Xie, M. (2010). Antibacterial mechanism of soybean isoflavone on Staphylococcus aureus. Archives of microbiology. pp. 192 (11): 893-898. |
| [31] | Durrani, A., Ali, A., Durrani, S., Shaikh, J. B., Upadhyay, A. and Khan, Z. H. (2011). Non-animal peptone for serum free cultivation of recombinant mammalian and animal cells. International Journal of Biology. pp. 3 (1): 140-145. |
APA Style
Medhanit Teshome, Eleni Belay. (2021). Production of Microbiological Peptone from Hydrolysis of Slaughterhouse Offal Using Bacterial Protease. International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 6(2), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13
ACS Style
Medhanit Teshome; Eleni Belay. Production of Microbiological Peptone from Hydrolysis of Slaughterhouse Offal Using Bacterial Protease. Int. J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2021, 6(2), 45-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13
AMA Style
Medhanit Teshome, Eleni Belay. Production of Microbiological Peptone from Hydrolysis of Slaughterhouse Offal Using Bacterial Protease. Int J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2021;6(2):45-52. doi: 10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13,
author = {Medhanit Teshome and Eleni Belay},
title = {Production of Microbiological Peptone from Hydrolysis of Slaughterhouse Offal Using Bacterial Protease},
journal = {International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {45-52},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijmb.20210602.13},
abstract = {Proteases are the most important class of industrial enzymes accounting for 60% of the global industrial enzyme market. Microorganisms are the major source of these enzymes. Production of hyrolysates from different protein sources is among the different application of proteases. Protein hydrolysates have a variety of food and non-food applications. Although different proteases are available in the market, there is always a need for the development of new enzymes from bacterial sources. This is especially important in countries like Ethiopia where there are no local enzyme producers. The aim of this study was, therefore, to isolate new protease producing bacterial isolates to be used for the hydrolysis of slaughterhouse offal, optimize enzyme production and hydrolysis conditions, and test hydrolysates as a microbiological growth media. Based on screening data on solid and liquid media, one bacterial isolate designated as aau5 was selected for further study. The isolate grew under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and produced up to 5,773 U/g of enzyme. Enzyme production was optimal when the solid to moisture ratio was 1:2 (66.7% moisture content) and in the presence of organic nitrogen sources. Protease aau5 was optimally active at pH 7.5 and temperature of 55°C. After one hour incubation, the enzyme retained up to 66% and 41% of its original activity at 50°C and 55°C, respectively. Protease aau5 was used for the hydrolysis of slaughter house offal (lung and bone) and soybean protein. The hydrolysate (peptone) was then tested as a microbiological media for the growth of different bacterial species. Compared to commercial peptone, hydrolysate obtained from lung (LPA) and bone extracted protein (BPA) supported better growth of the test organisms. So, by using waste and by products of slaughter houses, beneficial hydrolysate like peptone can be produced through enzymatic hydrolysis.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Production of Microbiological Peptone from Hydrolysis of Slaughterhouse Offal Using Bacterial Protease AU - Medhanit Teshome AU - Eleni Belay Y1 - 2021/04/20 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13 T2 - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology JF - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology JO - International Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology SP - 45 EP - 52 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-9686 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijmb.20210602.13 AB - Proteases are the most important class of industrial enzymes accounting for 60% of the global industrial enzyme market. Microorganisms are the major source of these enzymes. Production of hyrolysates from different protein sources is among the different application of proteases. Protein hydrolysates have a variety of food and non-food applications. Although different proteases are available in the market, there is always a need for the development of new enzymes from bacterial sources. This is especially important in countries like Ethiopia where there are no local enzyme producers. The aim of this study was, therefore, to isolate new protease producing bacterial isolates to be used for the hydrolysis of slaughterhouse offal, optimize enzyme production and hydrolysis conditions, and test hydrolysates as a microbiological growth media. Based on screening data on solid and liquid media, one bacterial isolate designated as aau5 was selected for further study. The isolate grew under solid-state fermentation (SSF) and produced up to 5,773 U/g of enzyme. Enzyme production was optimal when the solid to moisture ratio was 1:2 (66.7% moisture content) and in the presence of organic nitrogen sources. Protease aau5 was optimally active at pH 7.5 and temperature of 55°C. After one hour incubation, the enzyme retained up to 66% and 41% of its original activity at 50°C and 55°C, respectively. Protease aau5 was used for the hydrolysis of slaughter house offal (lung and bone) and soybean protein. The hydrolysate (peptone) was then tested as a microbiological media for the growth of different bacterial species. Compared to commercial peptone, hydrolysate obtained from lung (LPA) and bone extracted protein (BPA) supported better growth of the test organisms. So, by using waste and by products of slaughter houses, beneficial hydrolysate like peptone can be produced through enzymatic hydrolysis. VL - 6 IS - 2 ER -
Information
Email: