An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: A Guide for Physicians

Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq; Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani

doi:doi:10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11

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An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians

Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq, Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 10, Issue 2)

Received: 31 May 2022 Accepted: 22 June 2022 Published: 29 June 2022

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Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally recognised nosocomial and opportunistic pathogen which is one of the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, patients having cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunosuppression. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the species most commonly associated with human disease, particularly nosocomial infections. Other opportunistic species of Pseudomonas include Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens (associated with blood transfusions), and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Hospitalized patients may be colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at moist sites such as perineum, ear & axilla. It is the most commonest opportunistic pathogen, especially in the hospital setting mainly due to its resistance to many antibiotics, ability to adapt to a wide range of physical conditions and minimal nutritional requirements. Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly challenging due to its versatile capability to resist different antibiotic classes through various mechanisms (Intrinsic, extrinsic & adaptive) of resistance. Tremendous rampant usage of antibiotics in clinical practice across the globe nourished the path of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for development of varied resistance mechanisms. Moreover, adaptive antibiotic resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to biofilm-mediated resistance by forming multidrug-tolerant persister cells, which can cause relapse of infection. This review attempts to highlight different resistance mechanisms, variable host immune response & clinical variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.

Published in	International Journal of Immunology (Volume 10, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11
Page(s)	15-18
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Antibiotics, Resistance Mechanisms

References

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[3]	Lister PD, Wolter DJ, Hanson ND. Antibacterial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: clinical impact and complex regulation of chromosomally encoded resistance mechanisms. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2009; 22 (4): 582-610. doi: 10.1128/CMR.00040-09.
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[6]	Aloush, V., S. Navon-Venezia, Y. Seigman-Igra, S. Cabili, and Y. Carmeli. 2006. Multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: risk factors and clinical impact. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 50: 43-48.
[7]	Carmeli, Y., N. Troillet, A. W. Karchmer, and M. H. Samore. 1999. Health and economic outcomes of antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Arch. Intern. Med. 159: 1127-1132.
[8]	Gasink, L. B., N. O. Fishman, M. G. Weiner, I. Nachamkin, W. B. Bilker, and E. Lautenbach. 2006. Fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: assessment of risk factors and clinical impact. Am. J. Med. 119: 526e19-526e25.
[9]	Wise R. A review of the mechanisms of action and resistance of antimicrobial agents. Can Respir J. 1999 Jan-Feb; 6 Suppl A: 20A-2A. PMID: 10202228.
[10]	Oliva, B., P. M. Bennett, and I. Chopra. 1989. Penicillin-binding protein 2 is required for induction of the Citrobacter freundii class I chromosomal beta-lactamase in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 33: 1116-1117.
[11]	Pfeifle, D., E. Janas, and B. Wiedemann. 2000. Role of penicillin-binding proteins in the initiation of AmpC beta-lactamase expression in Enterobacter cloacae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 44: 169-172.
[12]	Sanders, C. C., P. A. Bradford, A. F. Ehrhardt, K. Bush, K. D. Young, T. A. Henderson, and W. E. Sanders. 1997. Penicillin-binding proteins and induction of AmpC beta-lactamase. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 41: 2013-2015.
[13]	Kapoor, Garima et al. “Action and resistance mechanisms of antibiotics: A guide for clinicians.” Journal of anaesthesiology, clinical pharmacology vol. 33, 3 (2017): 300-305. doi: 10.4103/joacp.JOACP_349_15Biotechnol Adv 2019 Jan; 37 (1): 177.
[14]	Pang Z, Raudonis R, Glick BR, Lin TJ, Cheng Z. Antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: mechanisms and alternative therapeutic strategies. Biotechnol Adv. 2019 Jan-Feb; 37 (1): 177-192. doi: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.11.013. Epub 2018 Nov 27. PMID: 30500353.
[15]	Shaan L. Gellatly, Robert E. W. Hancock, Pseudomonas aeruginosa: new insights into pathogenesis and host defenses, Pathogens and Disease, Volume 67, Issue 3, April 2013, Pages 159–173.

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Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq, Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani. (2022). An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians. International Journal of Immunology, 10(2), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11

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ACS Style

Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq; Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani. An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians. Int. J. Immunol. 2022, 10(2), 15-18. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11

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AMA Style

Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq, Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani. An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians. Int J Immunol. 2022;10(2):15-18. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11,
  author = {Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq and Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani},
  title = {An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20221002.11},
  abstract = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally recognised nosocomial and opportunistic pathogen which is one of the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, patients having cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunosuppression. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the species most commonly associated with human disease, particularly nosocomial infections. Other opportunistic species of Pseudomonas include Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens (associated with blood transfusions), and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Hospitalized patients may be colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at moist sites such as perineum, ear & axilla. It is the most commonest opportunistic pathogen, especially in the hospital setting mainly due to its resistance to many antibiotics, ability to adapt to a wide range of physical conditions and minimal nutritional requirements. Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly challenging due to its versatile capability to resist different antibiotic classes through various mechanisms (Intrinsic, extrinsic & adaptive) of resistance. Tremendous rampant usage of antibiotics in clinical practice across the globe nourished the path of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for development of varied resistance mechanisms. Moreover, adaptive antibiotic resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to biofilm-mediated resistance by forming multidrug-tolerant persister cells, which can cause relapse of infection. This review attempts to highlight different resistance mechanisms, variable host immune response & clinical variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians
AU  - Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq
AU  - Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani
Y1  - 2022/06/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11
T2  - International Journal of Immunology
JF  - International Journal of Immunology
JO  - International Journal of Immunology
SP  - 15
EP  - 18
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally recognised nosocomial and opportunistic pathogen which is one of the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, patients having cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunosuppression. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the species most commonly associated with human disease, particularly nosocomial infections. Other opportunistic species of Pseudomonas include Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens (associated with blood transfusions), and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Hospitalized patients may be colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at moist sites such as perineum, ear & axilla. It is the most commonest opportunistic pathogen, especially in the hospital setting mainly due to its resistance to many antibiotics, ability to adapt to a wide range of physical conditions and minimal nutritional requirements. Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly challenging due to its versatile capability to resist different antibiotic classes through various mechanisms (Intrinsic, extrinsic & adaptive) of resistance. Tremendous rampant usage of antibiotics in clinical practice across the globe nourished the path of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for development of varied resistance mechanisms. Moreover, adaptive antibiotic resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to biofilm-mediated resistance by forming multidrug-tolerant persister cells, which can cause relapse of infection. This review attempts to highlight different resistance mechanisms, variable host immune response & clinical variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq

Medical Department, Al Kuwait Hospital, Emirates Health Services, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani

Medical Department, Al Kuwait Hospital, Emirates Health Services, Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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APA Style

Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq, Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani. (2022). An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians. International Journal of Immunology, 10(2), 15-18. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11

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ACS Style

Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq; Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani. An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians. Int. J. Immunol. 2022, 10(2), 15-18. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11

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AMA Style

Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq, Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani. An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians. Int J Immunol. 2022;10(2):15-18. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11,
  author = {Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq and Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani},
  title = {An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {10},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-18},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20221002.11},
  abstract = {Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally recognised nosocomial and opportunistic pathogen which is one of the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, patients having cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunosuppression. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the species most commonly associated with human disease, particularly nosocomial infections. Other opportunistic species of Pseudomonas include Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens (associated with blood transfusions), and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Hospitalized patients may be colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at moist sites such as perineum, ear & axilla. It is the most commonest opportunistic pathogen, especially in the hospital setting mainly due to its resistance to many antibiotics, ability to adapt to a wide range of physical conditions and minimal nutritional requirements. Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly challenging due to its versatile capability to resist different antibiotic classes through various mechanisms (Intrinsic, extrinsic & adaptive) of resistance. Tremendous rampant usage of antibiotics in clinical practice across the globe nourished the path of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for development of varied resistance mechanisms. Moreover, adaptive antibiotic resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to biofilm-mediated resistance by forming multidrug-tolerant persister cells, which can cause relapse of infection. This review attempts to highlight different resistance mechanisms, variable host immune response & clinical variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.},
 year = {2022}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Overview of Different Mechanisms of Resistance, Immune Response & Clinical Variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A Guide for Physicians
AU  - Najiba Mohamed Abdulrazzaq
AU  - Pramod Rochaldas Chhabrani
Y1  - 2022/06/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11
T2  - International Journal of Immunology
JF  - International Journal of Immunology
JO  - International Journal of Immunology
SP  - 15
EP  - 18
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20221002.11
AB  - Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a globally recognised nosocomial and opportunistic pathogen which is one of the main cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients, patients having cystic fibrosis (CF) and immunosuppression. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the species most commonly associated with human disease, particularly nosocomial infections. Other opportunistic species of Pseudomonas include Pseudomonas putida, Pseudomonas fluorescens (associated with blood transfusions), and Pseudomonas stutzeri. Hospitalized patients may be colonized with Pseudomonas aeruginosa at moist sites such as perineum, ear & axilla. It is the most commonest opportunistic pathogen, especially in the hospital setting mainly due to its resistance to many antibiotics, ability to adapt to a wide range of physical conditions and minimal nutritional requirements. Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is highly challenging due to its versatile capability to resist different antibiotic classes through various mechanisms (Intrinsic, extrinsic & adaptive) of resistance. Tremendous rampant usage of antibiotics in clinical practice across the globe nourished the path of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for development of varied resistance mechanisms. Moreover, adaptive antibiotic resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa leads to biofilm-mediated resistance by forming multidrug-tolerant persister cells, which can cause relapse of infection. This review attempts to highlight different resistance mechanisms, variable host immune response & clinical variation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections.
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download