Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Jiaxin Wang; Jiaxiong Tan; Yuhong Lu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14

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Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Jiaxin Wang, Jiaxiong Tan, Yuhong Lu

Published in International Journal of Immunology (Volume 9, Issue 3)

Received: 3 September 2021 Accepted: 17 September 2021 Published: 26 September 2021

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Abstract

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease in which monoclonal plasma cells proliferate abnormally. The poor prognosis of MM is always closely related to the immunosuppression of T cells. Restore the immune function of suppressed T cells may reverse the immunodeficiency in the MM microenvironment and improve prognosis. In recent years, immunosuppressive receptors such as programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), T cells immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), Lymphocyte-Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) and Cytotoxic T- lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been discovered playing a key role in the tumor immunodeficiency microenvironment. For patients with solid tumors and some leukemia, immunotherapy targeting such receptors can significantly improve the T cells immunodeficiency. However, similar positive results were not found in MM patients, which is related to the complex immunosuppressive mechanism. At present, the understanding of immunosuppressive receptors in MM is insufficient. In this review, this paper summarized part of the studies on PD-1, TCLA-4, Tim-3, TIGIT and other popular immunosuppressive receptors in MM, in order to attract more attention, and in-depth research on the immunotherapy also to promote the immunotherapy of MM from basic research to clinical transformation as soon as possible.

Published in	International Journal of Immunology (Volume 9, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14
Page(s)	59-67
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Multiple Myeloma, Immune Therapy, Immunosuppressive Receptors, T Cell Exhaustion, Immune Dysfunction

References

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Jiaxin Wang, Jiaxiong Tan, Yuhong Lu. (2021). Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. International Journal of Immunology, 9(3), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14

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Jiaxin Wang; Jiaxiong Tan; Yuhong Lu. Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int. J. Immunol. 2021, 9(3), 59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14

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Jiaxin Wang, Jiaxiong Tan, Yuhong Lu. Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Immunol. 2021;9(3):59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14,
  author = {Jiaxin Wang and Jiaxiong Tan and Yuhong Lu},
  title = {Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {59-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20210903.14},
  abstract = {Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease in which monoclonal plasma cells proliferate abnormally. The poor prognosis of MM is always closely related to the immunosuppression of T cells. Restore the immune function of suppressed T cells may reverse the immunodeficiency in the MM microenvironment and improve prognosis. In recent years, immunosuppressive receptors such as programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), T cells immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), Lymphocyte-Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) and Cytotoxic T- lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been discovered playing a key role in the tumor immunodeficiency microenvironment. For patients with solid tumors and some leukemia, immunotherapy targeting such receptors can significantly improve the T cells immunodeficiency. However, similar positive results were not found in MM patients, which is related to the complex immunosuppressive mechanism. At present, the understanding of immunosuppressive receptors in MM is insufficient. In this review, this paper summarized part of the studies on PD-1, TCLA-4, Tim-3, TIGIT and other popular immunosuppressive receptors in MM, in order to attract more attention, and in-depth research on the immunotherapy also to promote the immunotherapy of MM from basic research to clinical transformation as soon as possible.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
AU  - Jiaxin Wang
AU  - Jiaxiong Tan
AU  - Yuhong Lu
Y1  - 2021/09/26
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14
T2  - International Journal of Immunology
JF  - International Journal of Immunology
JO  - International Journal of Immunology
SP  - 59
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14
AB  - Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease in which monoclonal plasma cells proliferate abnormally. The poor prognosis of MM is always closely related to the immunosuppression of T cells. Restore the immune function of suppressed T cells may reverse the immunodeficiency in the MM microenvironment and improve prognosis. In recent years, immunosuppressive receptors such as programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), T cells immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), Lymphocyte-Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) and Cytotoxic T- lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been discovered playing a key role in the tumor immunodeficiency microenvironment. For patients with solid tumors and some leukemia, immunotherapy targeting such receptors can significantly improve the T cells immunodeficiency. However, similar positive results were not found in MM patients, which is related to the complex immunosuppressive mechanism. At present, the understanding of immunosuppressive receptors in MM is insufficient. In this review, this paper summarized part of the studies on PD-1, TCLA-4, Tim-3, TIGIT and other popular immunosuppressive receptors in MM, in order to attract more attention, and in-depth research on the immunotherapy also to promote the immunotherapy of MM from basic research to clinical transformation as soon as possible.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Jiaxin Wang

Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Jiaxiong Tan

Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
Yuhong Lu

Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China

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Jiaxin Wang, Jiaxiong Tan, Yuhong Lu. (2021). Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. International Journal of Immunology, 9(3), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14

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Jiaxin Wang; Jiaxiong Tan; Yuhong Lu. Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int. J. Immunol. 2021, 9(3), 59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14

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AMA Style

Jiaxin Wang, Jiaxiong Tan, Yuhong Lu. Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors. Int J Immunol. 2021;9(3):59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14

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@article{10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14,
  author = {Jiaxin Wang and Jiaxiong Tan and Yuhong Lu},
  title = {Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors},
  journal = {International Journal of Immunology},
  volume = {9},
  number = {3},
  pages = {59-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.iji.20210903.14},
  abstract = {Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease in which monoclonal plasma cells proliferate abnormally. The poor prognosis of MM is always closely related to the immunosuppression of T cells. Restore the immune function of suppressed T cells may reverse the immunodeficiency in the MM microenvironment and improve prognosis. In recent years, immunosuppressive receptors such as programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), T cells immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), Lymphocyte-Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) and Cytotoxic T- lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been discovered playing a key role in the tumor immunodeficiency microenvironment. For patients with solid tumors and some leukemia, immunotherapy targeting such receptors can significantly improve the T cells immunodeficiency. However, similar positive results were not found in MM patients, which is related to the complex immunosuppressive mechanism. At present, the understanding of immunosuppressive receptors in MM is insufficient. In this review, this paper summarized part of the studies on PD-1, TCLA-4, Tim-3, TIGIT and other popular immunosuppressive receptors in MM, in order to attract more attention, and in-depth research on the immunotherapy also to promote the immunotherapy of MM from basic research to clinical transformation as soon as possible.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Potential Treatment for Multiple Myeloma: Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
AU  - Jiaxin Wang
AU  - Jiaxiong Tan
AU  - Yuhong Lu
Y1  - 2021/09/26
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14
T2  - International Journal of Immunology
JF  - International Journal of Immunology
JO  - International Journal of Immunology
SP  - 59
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2329-1753
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.iji.20210903.14
AB  - Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease in which monoclonal plasma cells proliferate abnormally. The poor prognosis of MM is always closely related to the immunosuppression of T cells. Restore the immune function of suppressed T cells may reverse the immunodeficiency in the MM microenvironment and improve prognosis. In recent years, immunosuppressive receptors such as programmed cell death receptor-1 (PD-1), T cells immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT), Lymphocyte-Activation Gene-3 (LAG-3), T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain–containing molecule 3 (Tim-3), Leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptor B1 (LILRB1) and Cytotoxic T- lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) have been discovered playing a key role in the tumor immunodeficiency microenvironment. For patients with solid tumors and some leukemia, immunotherapy targeting such receptors can significantly improve the T cells immunodeficiency. However, similar positive results were not found in MM patients, which is related to the complex immunosuppressive mechanism. At present, the understanding of immunosuppressive receptors in MM is insufficient. In this review, this paper summarized part of the studies on PD-1, TCLA-4, Tim-3, TIGIT and other popular immunosuppressive receptors in MM, in order to attract more attention, and in-depth research on the immunotherapy also to promote the immunotherapy of MM from basic research to clinical transformation as soon as possible.
VL  - 9
IS  - 3
ER  -

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