An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images

Festus Malombe Mwinzi; Thomas Mageto; Victor Muthama

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13

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An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images

Festus Malombe Mwinzi, Thomas Mageto, Victor Muthama

Published in International Journal of Data Science and Analysis (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 4 March 2022 Accepted: 24 March 2022 Published: 31 March 2022

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Abstract

Although Binary Relevance (BR) is an adaptive and conceptually simple multi-label learning technique, its inability to exploit label dependencies and other inherent problems in multi-label examples makes it difficult to generalize well in the classification of real-world multi-label examples like annotated images. Thus, to strengthen the generalization ability of Binary Relevance, this study used Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) as a preprocessing technique to take care of the label dependencies, the curse of dimensionality, and label over counting inherent in multi-labeled images. After that, Binary Relevance with K Nearest Neighbor as the base learner was fitted and its classification performance was evaluated on randomly selected 1000 images with a label cardinality of 2.149 of the five most frequent categories, namely; "person", "chair", "bottle", "dining table" and "cup" in the Microsoft Common Objects in Context 2017 (MS COCO 2017) dataset. Experimental results showed that micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis followed by Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (MLDA-BRKNN) achieved a more than 30% improvement in classification of the 1000 annotated images in the dataset when compared with the micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (BRKNN), which was used as the reference classifier method in this study.

Published in	International Journal of Data Science and Analysis (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13
Page(s)	30-37
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Binary Relevance, K-Nearest Neighbor, Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor (BRKNN), Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA)

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APA Style

Festus Malombe Mwinzi, Thomas Mageto, Victor Muthama. (2022). An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images. International Journal of Data Science and Analysis, 8(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13

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ACS Style

Festus Malombe Mwinzi; Thomas Mageto; Victor Muthama. An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images. Int. J. Data Sci. Anal. 2022, 8(2), 30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13

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AMA Style

Festus Malombe Mwinzi, Thomas Mageto, Victor Muthama. An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images. Int J Data Sci Anal. 2022;8(2):30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13,
  author = {Festus Malombe Mwinzi and Thomas Mageto and Victor Muthama},
  title = {An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images},
  journal = {International Journal of Data Science and Analysis},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijdsa.20220802.13},
  abstract = {Although Binary Relevance (BR) is an adaptive and conceptually simple multi-label learning technique, its inability to exploit label dependencies and other inherent problems in multi-label examples makes it difficult to generalize well in the classification of real-world multi-label examples like annotated images. Thus, to strengthen the generalization ability of Binary Relevance, this study used Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) as a preprocessing technique to take care of the label dependencies, the curse of dimensionality, and label over counting inherent in multi-labeled images. After that, Binary Relevance with K Nearest Neighbor as the base learner was fitted and its classification performance was evaluated on randomly selected 1000 images with a label cardinality of 2.149 of the five most frequent categories, namely; "person", "chair", "bottle", "dining table" and "cup" in the Microsoft Common Objects in Context 2017 (MS COCO 2017) dataset. Experimental results showed that micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis followed by Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (MLDA-BRKNN) achieved a more than 30% improvement in classification of the 1000 annotated images in the dataset when compared with the micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (BRKNN), which was used as the reference classifier method in this study.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images
AU  - Festus Malombe Mwinzi
AU  - Thomas Mageto
AU  - Victor Muthama
Y1  - 2022/03/31
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13
T2  - International Journal of Data Science and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Data Science and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Data Science and Analysis
SP  - 30
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13
AB  - Although Binary Relevance (BR) is an adaptive and conceptually simple multi-label learning technique, its inability to exploit label dependencies and other inherent problems in multi-label examples makes it difficult to generalize well in the classification of real-world multi-label examples like annotated images. Thus, to strengthen the generalization ability of Binary Relevance, this study used Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) as a preprocessing technique to take care of the label dependencies, the curse of dimensionality, and label over counting inherent in multi-labeled images. After that, Binary Relevance with K Nearest Neighbor as the base learner was fitted and its classification performance was evaluated on randomly selected 1000 images with a label cardinality of 2.149 of the five most frequent categories, namely; "person", "chair", "bottle", "dining table" and "cup" in the Microsoft Common Objects in Context 2017 (MS COCO 2017) dataset. Experimental results showed that micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis followed by Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (MLDA-BRKNN) achieved a more than 30% improvement in classification of the 1000 annotated images in the dataset when compared with the micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (BRKNN), which was used as the reference classifier method in this study.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Festus Malombe Mwinzi

Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Thomas Mageto

Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya
Victor Muthama

School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Kirinyaga University, Kirinyaga, Kenya

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APA Style

Festus Malombe Mwinzi, Thomas Mageto, Victor Muthama. (2022). An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images. International Journal of Data Science and Analysis, 8(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13

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ACS Style

Festus Malombe Mwinzi; Thomas Mageto; Victor Muthama. An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images. Int. J. Data Sci. Anal. 2022, 8(2), 30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13

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AMA Style

Festus Malombe Mwinzi, Thomas Mageto, Victor Muthama. An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images. Int J Data Sci Anal. 2022;8(2):30-37. doi: 10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13,
  author = {Festus Malombe Mwinzi and Thomas Mageto and Victor Muthama},
  title = {An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images},
  journal = {International Journal of Data Science and Analysis},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {30-37},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijdsa.20220802.13},
  abstract = {Although Binary Relevance (BR) is an adaptive and conceptually simple multi-label learning technique, its inability to exploit label dependencies and other inherent problems in multi-label examples makes it difficult to generalize well in the classification of real-world multi-label examples like annotated images. Thus, to strengthen the generalization ability of Binary Relevance, this study used Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) as a preprocessing technique to take care of the label dependencies, the curse of dimensionality, and label over counting inherent in multi-labeled images. After that, Binary Relevance with K Nearest Neighbor as the base learner was fitted and its classification performance was evaluated on randomly selected 1000 images with a label cardinality of 2.149 of the five most frequent categories, namely; "person", "chair", "bottle", "dining table" and "cup" in the Microsoft Common Objects in Context 2017 (MS COCO 2017) dataset. Experimental results showed that micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis followed by Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (MLDA-BRKNN) achieved a more than 30% improvement in classification of the 1000 annotated images in the dataset when compared with the micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (BRKNN), which was used as the reference classifier method in this study.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - An Application of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis and Binary Relevance K-Nearest Neighbor in Multi-label Classification of Annotated Images
AU  - Festus Malombe Mwinzi
AU  - Thomas Mageto
AU  - Victor Muthama
Y1  - 2022/03/31
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13
T2  - International Journal of Data Science and Analysis
JF  - International Journal of Data Science and Analysis
JO  - International Journal of Data Science and Analysis
SP  - 30
EP  - 37
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2575-1891
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijdsa.20220802.13
AB  - Although Binary Relevance (BR) is an adaptive and conceptually simple multi-label learning technique, its inability to exploit label dependencies and other inherent problems in multi-label examples makes it difficult to generalize well in the classification of real-world multi-label examples like annotated images. Thus, to strengthen the generalization ability of Binary Relevance, this study used Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis (MLDA) as a preprocessing technique to take care of the label dependencies, the curse of dimensionality, and label over counting inherent in multi-labeled images. After that, Binary Relevance with K Nearest Neighbor as the base learner was fitted and its classification performance was evaluated on randomly selected 1000 images with a label cardinality of 2.149 of the five most frequent categories, namely; "person", "chair", "bottle", "dining table" and "cup" in the Microsoft Common Objects in Context 2017 (MS COCO 2017) dataset. Experimental results showed that micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Multi-label Linear Discriminant Analysis followed by Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (MLDA-BRKNN) achieved a more than 30% improvement in classification of the 1000 annotated images in the dataset when compared with the micro averages of precision, recall, and f1-score of Binary Relevance K Nearest Neighbor (BRKNN), which was used as the reference classifier method in this study.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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