Background: Insulin is classified as an "essential drug". It should be available in all pharmacies at an affordable price. This remains a major problem in low income countries like ours. Aim: Our study aims to describe the insulin availability and affordability in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo, Madagascar. Methods: It was a cross sectional study over a period of 3 months at all pharmacies existing in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo. Insulin availability was assessed according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Affordability was assessed from the ratio between the monthly cost of insulin treatment and the Malagasy monthly health expenditure, and the ratio between the monthly cost of insulin treatment and the guaranteed minimum inter-professional wage in Madagascar. Result: We had retained 79 pharmacies. Insulin availability in private pharmacies was higher than in public hospital pharmacies. Human insulin had a high availability rate: short-acting (70.89%) and mixed (78.08%). Availability of analogue insulin was low: fast-acting (7.59%) and long-acting (34.18%). To buy insulin, a patient was spending monthly 18.75 to 236.24% of the equivalent of guaranteed minimum inter-professional wage. All pharmacies had refrigerators to store insulin. Conclusion: The availability of insulin in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo was high while diabetic patients have low financial affordability. A good governance health policy and multisectoral actions would be necessary.
| Published in | International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology (Volume 6, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11 |
| Page(s) | 1-4 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Affordability, Availability, Insulin, Madagascar
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APA Style
Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona, Rija Eric Raherison, Thierry Razanamparany, Solofo Andrianarivelo Ralamboson, Hanta Marie Danielle Vololontiana, et al. (2021). Insulin Availability and Affordability in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo, Madagascar. International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology, 6(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11
ACS Style
Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona; Rija Eric Raherison; Thierry Razanamparany; Solofo Andrianarivelo Ralamboson; Hanta Marie Danielle Vololontiana, et al. Insulin Availability and Affordability in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo, Madagascar. Int. J. Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021, 6(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11
AMA Style
Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona, Rija Eric Raherison, Thierry Razanamparany, Solofo Andrianarivelo Ralamboson, Hanta Marie Danielle Vololontiana, et al. Insulin Availability and Affordability in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo, Madagascar. Int J Diabetes Endocrinol. 2021;6(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11,
author = {Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona and Rija Eric Raherison and Thierry Razanamparany and Solofo Andrianarivelo Ralamboson and Hanta Marie Danielle Vololontiana and Andrinirina Dave Patrick Rakotomalala},
title = {Insulin Availability and Affordability in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo, Madagascar},
journal = {International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {1-4},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijde.20210601.11},
abstract = {Background: Insulin is classified as an "essential drug". It should be available in all pharmacies at an affordable price. This remains a major problem in low income countries like ours. Aim: Our study aims to describe the insulin availability and affordability in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo, Madagascar. Methods: It was a cross sectional study over a period of 3 months at all pharmacies existing in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo. Insulin availability was assessed according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Affordability was assessed from the ratio between the monthly cost of insulin treatment and the Malagasy monthly health expenditure, and the ratio between the monthly cost of insulin treatment and the guaranteed minimum inter-professional wage in Madagascar. Result: We had retained 79 pharmacies. Insulin availability in private pharmacies was higher than in public hospital pharmacies. Human insulin had a high availability rate: short-acting (70.89%) and mixed (78.08%). Availability of analogue insulin was low: fast-acting (7.59%) and long-acting (34.18%). To buy insulin, a patient was spending monthly 18.75 to 236.24% of the equivalent of guaranteed minimum inter-professional wage. All pharmacies had refrigerators to store insulin. Conclusion: The availability of insulin in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo was high while diabetic patients have low financial affordability. A good governance health policy and multisectoral actions would be necessary.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Insulin Availability and Affordability in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo, Madagascar AU - Sitraka Angelo Raharinavalona AU - Rija Eric Raherison AU - Thierry Razanamparany AU - Solofo Andrianarivelo Ralamboson AU - Hanta Marie Danielle Vololontiana AU - Andrinirina Dave Patrick Rakotomalala Y1 - 2021/01/12 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11 DO - 10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11 T2 - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology JF - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology JO - International Journal of Diabetes and Endocrinology SP - 1 EP - 4 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2640-1371 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijde.20210601.11 AB - Background: Insulin is classified as an "essential drug". It should be available in all pharmacies at an affordable price. This remains a major problem in low income countries like ours. Aim: Our study aims to describe the insulin availability and affordability in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo, Madagascar. Methods: It was a cross sectional study over a period of 3 months at all pharmacies existing in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo. Insulin availability was assessed according to the classification of the World Health Organization. Affordability was assessed from the ratio between the monthly cost of insulin treatment and the Malagasy monthly health expenditure, and the ratio between the monthly cost of insulin treatment and the guaranteed minimum inter-professional wage in Madagascar. Result: We had retained 79 pharmacies. Insulin availability in private pharmacies was higher than in public hospital pharmacies. Human insulin had a high availability rate: short-acting (70.89%) and mixed (78.08%). Availability of analogue insulin was low: fast-acting (7.59%) and long-acting (34.18%). To buy insulin, a patient was spending monthly 18.75 to 236.24% of the equivalent of guaranteed minimum inter-professional wage. All pharmacies had refrigerators to store insulin. Conclusion: The availability of insulin in the Urban Municipality of Antananarivo was high while diabetic patients have low financial affordability. A good governance health policy and multisectoral actions would be necessary. VL - 6 IS - 1 ER -
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