Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia

Elmi Omar Haji Elmi; Mohamed Bashir Askar; Abdiaziz Jama Ali; Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim; Mohamed Ahmed Moalim

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12

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Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia

Elmi Omar Haji Elmi, Mohamed Bashir Askar, Abdiaziz Jama Ali, Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim, Mohamed Ahmed Moalim

Published in International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 3)

Received: 9 March 2023 Accepted: 5 July 2023 Published: 14 October 2023

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Abstract

According to WHO-EMRO report in 2016, Confirmed malaria cases in Somalia from 2013 to 2015 were gradually increased from 7407, 11001 and 20953 respectively, indicating that malaria is a serious health concern in Somalia and specifically Bosaso become one of the most endemic areas of malaria in Somalia. Bosaso is one of the most populous towns in Somalia's Puntland state, with a population of over 700,000 people. Bosaso district is a malaria endemic area with malaria control measures in place, yet the prevalence of malaria in this town remains high, with around 11522 cases reported in the first nine months of 2017. Malaria threatens the entire Somali population, with 51 percent at high risk, therefore this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors related to occurrence of malaria in Bosaso. Between December 2017 and January 2018, a community-based analytical cross-sectional research was done in eight selected villages in Bosaso, Somalia. 384 adults living in Bosaso were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. In January 2018, 75 (19.7 percent) of the study population had malaria. Age and family income were found to have a statistically significant association with malaria occurrence (OR = 2.2, 0.013 and 2.3, 0.033, respectively). Regarding prevention measures, people who did not use mosquito nets had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 2.18, P-value = 0.004), and people who did not use protective clothing had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 1.75, P-value = 0.035), Furthermore, open or half-covered water tanks in the home were linked to the prevalence of malaria (OR = 1.6, P-value = 0.029). Finally, to reduce malaria occurrence in Bosaso these measures should be taken; Malaria prevention and control education should be provided to the community via the use of mass media and any other appropriate method, and individuals should follow malaria preventative measures like as sleeping under mosquito net, using IRS in home and taking on protective cloths in exposed areas.

Published in	International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12
Page(s)	44-49
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Malaria, Risk Factors, Mosquito Nets, Bosaso

References

[1]	Saareson Francis Zuradam; Factors associated with use and non-use of mosquito nets for children less than 5 years of age in the Mfantseman municipality, Ghana; Master’s Thesis: Public Health; Faculty of Health Scienc; Eastern finland University.
[2]	WHO: World malaria report. 2011, Geneva: World Health Organization 2011.
[3]	WHO; EMRO-regional profiles report of Malaria 2009.
[4]	WHO; EMRO; Annual report of 2015 and 2016.
[5]	WHO; Somalia epidemiological profile of Malaria 2015.
[6]	WHO; Epidemiological profile Malaria 2009 in Somalia.
[7]	Bari regional HMIS office, Ministry of Health of Puntland state of Somali, DHS2 Bosaso Malaria Data 2017.
[8]	Amira Ibrahim Ahmed; Prevalence of malaria among pregnant Women admitted to Ed-Duweim Teaching Hospital; Sudan; Masters Thesis; faculty of Public and Environmental Health; University of Khartoum.
[9]	Winskill etal; Malaria risk factors in north-east Tanzania Malaria Journal 2011, 10: 98.
[10]	Theresa Nkuo-Akenji, Nelson N. Ntonifor etal; Environmental factors affecting malaria parasite prevalence in rural Bolifamba, South- West Cameroon; African Journal of Health Sciences, Volume 13, Pages 40-46, June 2006.
[11]	What you should know about mosquito larvae and algea? available at: https://www.terminix.com/blog/bug-facts/what-you-should-know-about-mosquito-larvae Accessed 10th October, 2017.
[12]	Ayele et al.; Prevalence and risk factors of malaria in Ethiopia - Malaria Journal 2012, 11: 195.

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Elmi Omar Haji Elmi, Mohamed Bashir Askar, Abdiaziz Jama Ali, Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim, Mohamed Ahmed Moalim. (2023). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 11(3), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12

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ACS Style

Elmi Omar Haji Elmi; Mohamed Bashir Askar; Abdiaziz Jama Ali; Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim; Mohamed Ahmed Moalim. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 44-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12

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AMA Style

Elmi Omar Haji Elmi, Mohamed Bashir Askar, Abdiaziz Jama Ali, Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim, Mohamed Ahmed Moalim. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia. Int J Biomed Sci Eng. 2023;11(3):44-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12,
  author = {Elmi Omar Haji Elmi and Mohamed Bashir Askar and Abdiaziz Jama Ali and Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim and Mohamed Ahmed Moalim},
  title = {Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia},
  journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {44-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbse.20231103.12},
  abstract = {According to WHO-EMRO report in 2016, Confirmed malaria cases in Somalia from 2013 to 2015 were gradually increased from 7407, 11001 and 20953 respectively, indicating that malaria is a serious health concern in Somalia and specifically Bosaso become one of the most endemic areas of malaria in Somalia. Bosaso is one of the most populous towns in Somalia's Puntland state, with a population of over 700,000 people. Bosaso district is a malaria endemic area with malaria control measures in place, yet the prevalence of malaria in this town remains high, with around 11522 cases reported in the first nine months of 2017. Malaria threatens the entire Somali population, with 51 percent at high risk, therefore this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors related to occurrence of malaria in Bosaso. Between December 2017 and January 2018, a community-based analytical cross-sectional research was done in eight selected villages in Bosaso, Somalia. 384 adults living in Bosaso were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. In January 2018, 75 (19.7 percent) of the study population had malaria. Age and family income were found to have a statistically significant association with malaria occurrence (OR = 2.2, 0.013 and 2.3, 0.033, respectively). Regarding prevention measures, people who did not use mosquito nets had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 2.18, P-value = 0.004), and people who did not use protective clothing had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 1.75, P-value = 0.035), Furthermore, open or half-covered water tanks in the home were linked to the prevalence of malaria (OR = 1.6, P-value = 0.029). Finally, to reduce malaria occurrence in Bosaso these measures should be taken; Malaria prevention and control education should be provided to the community via the use of mass media and any other appropriate method, and individuals should follow malaria preventative measures like as sleeping under mosquito net, using IRS in home and taking on protective cloths in exposed areas.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia
AU  - Elmi Omar Haji Elmi
AU  - Mohamed Bashir Askar
AU  - Abdiaziz Jama Ali
AU  - Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim
AU  - Mohamed Ahmed Moalim
Y1  - 2023/10/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12
T2  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
SP  - 44
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7235
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12
AB  - According to WHO-EMRO report in 2016, Confirmed malaria cases in Somalia from 2013 to 2015 were gradually increased from 7407, 11001 and 20953 respectively, indicating that malaria is a serious health concern in Somalia and specifically Bosaso become one of the most endemic areas of malaria in Somalia. Bosaso is one of the most populous towns in Somalia's Puntland state, with a population of over 700,000 people. Bosaso district is a malaria endemic area with malaria control measures in place, yet the prevalence of malaria in this town remains high, with around 11522 cases reported in the first nine months of 2017. Malaria threatens the entire Somali population, with 51 percent at high risk, therefore this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors related to occurrence of malaria in Bosaso. Between December 2017 and January 2018, a community-based analytical cross-sectional research was done in eight selected villages in Bosaso, Somalia. 384 adults living in Bosaso were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. In January 2018, 75 (19.7 percent) of the study population had malaria. Age and family income were found to have a statistically significant association with malaria occurrence (OR = 2.2, 0.013 and 2.3, 0.033, respectively). Regarding prevention measures, people who did not use mosquito nets had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 2.18, P-value = 0.004), and people who did not use protective clothing had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 1.75, P-value = 0.035), Furthermore, open or half-covered water tanks in the home were linked to the prevalence of malaria (OR = 1.6, P-value = 0.029). Finally, to reduce malaria occurrence in Bosaso these measures should be taken; Malaria prevention and control education should be provided to the community via the use of mass media and any other appropriate method, and individuals should follow malaria preventative measures like as sleeping under mosquito net, using IRS in home and taking on protective cloths in exposed areas.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Elmi Omar Haji Elmi

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, East Africa University, Bosaso, Somalia
Mohamed Bashir Askar

Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, East Africa University, Bosaso, Somalia
Abdiaziz Jama Ali

Factulty of Health Sciences, City-Cot College, Bosaso, Somalia
Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim

Faculty of Health Sciences, East-Shore Medical College, Bosaso, Somalia
Mohamed Ahmed Moalim

Department of Public Health, University of Health Sciences, Bosaso, Somalia

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APA Style

Elmi Omar Haji Elmi, Mohamed Bashir Askar, Abdiaziz Jama Ali, Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim, Mohamed Ahmed Moalim. (2023). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia. International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering, 11(3), 44-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12

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ACS Style

Elmi Omar Haji Elmi; Mohamed Bashir Askar; Abdiaziz Jama Ali; Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim; Mohamed Ahmed Moalim. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia. Int. J. Biomed. Sci. Eng. 2023, 11(3), 44-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12

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AMA Style

Elmi Omar Haji Elmi, Mohamed Bashir Askar, Abdiaziz Jama Ali, Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim, Mohamed Ahmed Moalim. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia. Int J Biomed Sci Eng. 2023;11(3):44-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12,
  author = {Elmi Omar Haji Elmi and Mohamed Bashir Askar and Abdiaziz Jama Ali and Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim and Mohamed Ahmed Moalim},
  title = {Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia},
  journal = {International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {44-49},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbse.20231103.12},
  abstract = {According to WHO-EMRO report in 2016, Confirmed malaria cases in Somalia from 2013 to 2015 were gradually increased from 7407, 11001 and 20953 respectively, indicating that malaria is a serious health concern in Somalia and specifically Bosaso become one of the most endemic areas of malaria in Somalia. Bosaso is one of the most populous towns in Somalia's Puntland state, with a population of over 700,000 people. Bosaso district is a malaria endemic area with malaria control measures in place, yet the prevalence of malaria in this town remains high, with around 11522 cases reported in the first nine months of 2017. Malaria threatens the entire Somali population, with 51 percent at high risk, therefore this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors related to occurrence of malaria in Bosaso. Between December 2017 and January 2018, a community-based analytical cross-sectional research was done in eight selected villages in Bosaso, Somalia. 384 adults living in Bosaso were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. In January 2018, 75 (19.7 percent) of the study population had malaria. Age and family income were found to have a statistically significant association with malaria occurrence (OR = 2.2, 0.013 and 2.3, 0.033, respectively). Regarding prevention measures, people who did not use mosquito nets had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 2.18, P-value = 0.004), and people who did not use protective clothing had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 1.75, P-value = 0.035), Furthermore, open or half-covered water tanks in the home were linked to the prevalence of malaria (OR = 1.6, P-value = 0.029). Finally, to reduce malaria occurrence in Bosaso these measures should be taken; Malaria prevention and control education should be provided to the community via the use of mass media and any other appropriate method, and individuals should follow malaria preventative measures like as sleeping under mosquito net, using IRS in home and taking on protective cloths in exposed areas.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Prevalence and Factors Associated with Malaria Among Adults Living in Bosaso-Somalia
AU  - Elmi Omar Haji Elmi
AU  - Mohamed Bashir Askar
AU  - Abdiaziz Jama Ali
AU  - Abdikarim Ali Ibrahim
AU  - Mohamed Ahmed Moalim
Y1  - 2023/10/14
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12
T2  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
JF  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
JO  - International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering
SP  - 44
EP  - 49
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2376-7235
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbse.20231103.12
AB  - According to WHO-EMRO report in 2016, Confirmed malaria cases in Somalia from 2013 to 2015 were gradually increased from 7407, 11001 and 20953 respectively, indicating that malaria is a serious health concern in Somalia and specifically Bosaso become one of the most endemic areas of malaria in Somalia. Bosaso is one of the most populous towns in Somalia's Puntland state, with a population of over 700,000 people. Bosaso district is a malaria endemic area with malaria control measures in place, yet the prevalence of malaria in this town remains high, with around 11522 cases reported in the first nine months of 2017. Malaria threatens the entire Somali population, with 51 percent at high risk, therefore this study aims to determine the prevalence and factors related to occurrence of malaria in Bosaso. Between December 2017 and January 2018, a community-based analytical cross-sectional research was done in eight selected villages in Bosaso, Somalia. 384 adults living in Bosaso were interviewed using a pretested questionnaire. In January 2018, 75 (19.7 percent) of the study population had malaria. Age and family income were found to have a statistically significant association with malaria occurrence (OR = 2.2, 0.013 and 2.3, 0.033, respectively). Regarding prevention measures, people who did not use mosquito nets had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 2.18, P-value = 0.004), and people who did not use protective clothing had an increased risk of malaria (OR = 1.75, P-value = 0.035), Furthermore, open or half-covered water tanks in the home were linked to the prevalence of malaria (OR = 1.6, P-value = 0.029). Finally, to reduce malaria occurrence in Bosaso these measures should be taken; Malaria prevention and control education should be provided to the community via the use of mass media and any other appropriate method, and individuals should follow malaria preventative measures like as sleeping under mosquito net, using IRS in home and taking on protective cloths in exposed areas.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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