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The Impact of Testosterone on Financial Risk Tolerance

Received: 4 June 2022    Accepted: 20 June 2022    Published: 30 June 2022
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Abstract

This study aims to examine the relationship between gender and financial risk tolerance. A mixed (qualitative and quantitative) approach was adopted with 100 respondents consisting of 63 Moroccan men and 37 Moroccan women, aged between 18 and 47 years. The analysis of the responses to the questionnaire based on the risk tolerance question of The Survey Of Consumer Finances, demonstrated that men have a higher risk tolerance than women and that there is a relationship between gender and individuals' attitude toward risk. The results of the questionnaire show that 78.37% of the women surveyed have no tolerance for risk and only 21.62% of women are more tolerant of financial risk. While 35 men in our sample are willing to take significant financial risks and only 11 men prefer not to take any. Otherwise, 23.81% of the men surveyed are intolerant of financial risk and 76.19% are more tolerant of financial risk. The regression analysis examined the relationship between testosterone levels in the sample and financial risk tolerance. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the two variables. However, the study reveals that testosterone is not the only factor that could explain excessive risk-taking and thatother variables can also explain financial risk tolerance.

Published in International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Risk Management (Volume 7, Issue 2)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18
Page(s) 86-91
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Testosterone, Gender, Risk Tolerance

References
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[3] Grable, J. E. (2016). Financial Risk Tolerance. Handbook of Consumer Finance Research, 19–31.
[4] https://www.coe.int/fr/web/gender-matters/sex-and-gender
[5] https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:fvz0nSAMplkJ:https://www.healthline.com/health/what-is-testosterone+&cd=1&hl=fr&ct=clnk&gl=ma&client=firefox-b-d
[6] Gibson, R. J., Michayluk, D., & Van de Venter, G. (2013). Financial risk tolerance: An analysis of unexplored factors. Financial Services Review.
[7] Fisher, P. J., & Yao, R. (2017). Gender differences in financial risk tolerance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 61, 191–202.
[8] Yao, R., & Hanna, S. D. (2005). The effect of gender and marital status on financial risk tolerance.
[9] Hallahan, T., Faff, R., & McKenzie, M. (2003). An exploratory investigation of the relation between risk tolerance scores and demographic characteristics. Journal of Multinational Financial Management, 13 (4-5), 483–502.
[10] Zhong, L. X., & Xiao, J. J. (1995). Determinants of family bond and stock holdings.
[11] Dwyer, P. D., Gilkeson, J. H., & List, J. A. (2002). Gender differences in revealed.
[12] Dickason, Z., & Ferreira, S. J. (2018). The effect of age and gender on financial risk tolerance of South African investors. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 15 (2), 1-8.
[13] Coet, L. J., & McDermott, P. J. (1979). Sex, Instructional Set, and Group Make-up: Organismic and Situational Factors Influencing Risk-Taking. Psychological Reports, 44 (3_suppl), 1283–1294.
[14] Price, L. F. (2005). The Biology of Risk Taking. Educational Leadership, 62 (7), 22-26.
[15] Coates, J. M., & Herbert, J. (2008). Endogenous steroids and financial risk taking on a London trading floor. Proceedings of the national academy of sciences, 105 (16), 6167-6172.
[16] Apicella, C. L., Dreber, A., Campbell, B., Gray, P. B., Hoffman, M., & Little, A. C. (2008). Testosterone and financial risk preferences. Evolution and human behavior, 29 (6), 384-390.
[17] Chicaiza-Becerra, L. A., & Garcia-Molina, M. (2017). Prenatal testosterone predicts financial risk taking: Evidence from Latin America. Personality and Individual Differences, 116, 32–37.
[18] Nofsinger, J. R., Patterson, F. M., & Shank, C. A. (2018). Decision-making, financial risk aversion, and behavioral biases: The role of testosterone and stress. Economics & Human Biology, 29, 1–16.
[19] Stanton, S. J., Liening, S. H., & Schultheiss, O. C. (2011). Testosterone is positively associated with risk taking in the Iowa Gambling Task. Hormones and Behavior, 59 (2), 252–256.
[20] Sapienza, P., Zingales, L., & Maestripieri, D. (2009). Gender differences in financial risk aversion and career choices are affected by testosterone. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (36), 15268-15273.
[21] Zethraeus, N., Kocoska-Maras, L., Ellingsen, T., Von Schoultz, B. O., Hirschberg, A. L., & Johannesson, M. (2009). A randomized trial of the effect of estrogen and testosterone on economic behavior. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (16), 6535-6538.
[22] Gilliam, J., Chatterjee, S., & Grable, J. (2010). Measuring the perception of financial risk tolerance: A tale of two measures. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 21 (2).
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Joudar Fadoua, Dinar Brahim. (2022). The Impact of Testosterone on Financial Risk Tolerance. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Risk Management, 7(2), 86-91. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18

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    ACS Style

    Joudar Fadoua; Dinar Brahim. The Impact of Testosterone on Financial Risk Tolerance. Int. J. Account. Finance Risk Manag. 2022, 7(2), 86-91. doi: 10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18

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    AMA Style

    Joudar Fadoua, Dinar Brahim. The Impact of Testosterone on Financial Risk Tolerance. Int J Account Finance Risk Manag. 2022;7(2):86-91. doi: 10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18,
      author = {Joudar Fadoua and Dinar Brahim},
      title = {The Impact of Testosterone on Financial Risk Tolerance},
      journal = {International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Risk Management},
      volume = {7},
      number = {2},
      pages = {86-91},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijafrm.20220702.18},
      abstract = {This study aims to examine the relationship between gender and financial risk tolerance. A mixed (qualitative and quantitative) approach was adopted with 100 respondents consisting of 63 Moroccan men and 37 Moroccan women, aged between 18 and 47 years. The analysis of the responses to the questionnaire based on the risk tolerance question of The Survey Of Consumer Finances, demonstrated that men have a higher risk tolerance than women and that there is a relationship between gender and individuals' attitude toward risk. The results of the questionnaire show that 78.37% of the women surveyed have no tolerance for risk and only 21.62% of women are more tolerant of financial risk. While 35 men in our sample are willing to take significant financial risks and only 11 men prefer not to take any. Otherwise, 23.81% of the men surveyed are intolerant of financial risk and 76.19% are more tolerant of financial risk. The regression analysis examined the relationship between testosterone levels in the sample and financial risk tolerance. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the two variables. However, the study reveals that testosterone is not the only factor that could explain excessive risk-taking and thatother variables can also explain financial risk tolerance.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - The Impact of Testosterone on Financial Risk Tolerance
    AU  - Joudar Fadoua
    AU  - Dinar Brahim
    Y1  - 2022/06/30
    PY  - 2022
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18
    T2  - International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Risk Management
    JF  - International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Risk Management
    JO  - International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Risk Management
    SP  - 86
    EP  - 91
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9376
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijafrm.20220702.18
    AB  - This study aims to examine the relationship between gender and financial risk tolerance. A mixed (qualitative and quantitative) approach was adopted with 100 respondents consisting of 63 Moroccan men and 37 Moroccan women, aged between 18 and 47 years. The analysis of the responses to the questionnaire based on the risk tolerance question of The Survey Of Consumer Finances, demonstrated that men have a higher risk tolerance than women and that there is a relationship between gender and individuals' attitude toward risk. The results of the questionnaire show that 78.37% of the women surveyed have no tolerance for risk and only 21.62% of women are more tolerant of financial risk. While 35 men in our sample are willing to take significant financial risks and only 11 men prefer not to take any. Otherwise, 23.81% of the men surveyed are intolerant of financial risk and 76.19% are more tolerant of financial risk. The regression analysis examined the relationship between testosterone levels in the sample and financial risk tolerance. It was found that there was a positive relationship between the two variables. However, the study reveals that testosterone is not the only factor that could explain excessive risk-taking and thatother variables can also explain financial risk tolerance.
    VL  - 7
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Research Laboratory in Economics, Management and Business Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco

  • Research Laboratory in Economics, Management and Business Management, Faculty of Economics and Management, Hassan First University, Settat, Morocco

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