Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand

Karthigeyan Shanmugam; Vishalatchi Ramasamy; Abhirami Bindu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12

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Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand

Karthigeyan Shanmugam, Vishalatchi Ramasamy, Abhirami Bindu

Published in International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 8 July 2021 Accepted: 9 August 2021 Published: 18 August 2021

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Abstract

In today scenario, urbanization and related infrastructure development in the form of an excavation adjacent to the existing structure are inevitable. In this case, the stability of an existing structure closer to the excavation is a serious concern. The main issue here is that, what is the safe distance at which new construction can take place from the existing structure? There are many research articles that states on the failure of an existing structure due to new construction adjacent to it in the form of excavations. Given the above, the paper presents the numerical results based on the finite element analyses that were performed for various parameters to examine the behaviour of existing square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations in loose sand using PLAXIS3D software. In the finite element analysis, the behaviour of the footing and sheet pile walls were modelled using a linear elastic material and the elastoplastic behaviour of soil was modelled using a Mohr-Coulomb model under drained conditions. The literature available on this topic reveals that the excavation dimensions, shape of the footing, depth of the footing, location of the footing from the excavation, relative stiffness factor and relative density of sand are influencing the response of existing footing. Two different shapes of excavations such as a long length with narrow excavation under plane strain condition and short length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions were considered in this study. Numerical results indicate that the response of the square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations are very much significant and mainly depends on the size of the excavation. The vertical and horizontal displacement, bending moment of the footing is increasing with an increase in depth of excavation. The footing located very closer to the excavation is significantly influenced as compared to the footing located far away from the excavation. The safe location of the square footing based on the settlement criteria is found to be 1.3 m from the excavation for shorter length excavation under three-dimensional conditions and 10 m for longer length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions.

Published in	International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12
Page(s)	62-70
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Excavation, PLAXIS 3D, Footing, Displacement, Stress

References

[1]	Faheem, Caia, Ugaia, Hagiwarab (2003). Two-dimensional base stability of excavations in soft soils using FEM, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol. 30, pp. 141–163.
[2]	Yoo, Lee (2007). Deep excavation-induced ground surface movement characteristics – a numerical investigation, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol. 35, pp. 231–252.
[3]	Faheem, Cai, Ugai (2004). Three-dimensional base stability of rectangular excavations in soft soils using FEM, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol. 31, pp. 67–74.
[4]	Goh. A (1990). Assessment of basal stability for braced excavation systems using FEM, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol. 10, pp. 325-338.
[5]	Dinakar. K N, Prasad. S K (2014). Behavior of tie back sheet pile wall for deep excavation using plaxis, International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, pp. 97-103.
[6]	Arai, Kusakabe, Murata, Konishi (2007). A numerical study on ground displacement and stress during and after the installation of deep circular diaphragm walls and soil excavation, Computers and Geotechnics, Vol. 35, pp. 791–807.
[7]	Jardaneh (2006). Assessment of local excavation support systems: a case study of Nablus city, Palestine, An - Najah Univ. J. Res. (Science) Vol. 20, pp. 101–126.
[8]	Godavarthi, Mallavalli, Peddi, Katragadda, and Mulpuru (2011). Contiguous pile wall as a deep excavation supporting system, Leonardo Electronic Journal of Practices and Technologies, pp. 144-160.
[9]	Jenniferthiede (2014). Minard hall façade collapse’, http://failures. Wikispaces.com/minard+hall+facade+collapse.
[10]	Mostafa, Ashraf K. Nazir (2011). The effect of deep excavation-induced lateral soil movements on the behaviour of strip footing supported on reinforced sand, Journal of Advanced Research, Vol. 3, pp. 337-344.
[11]	Sathiya G and Karthigeyan S (2019). Effect of excavation on the response of circular footing in sandy soil, published in part of the ‘Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering Book Series on Geotechnical Applications (IGC2016, Vol. 4)’, pp. 109–116, Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2019.
[12]	Bin Chen Benson Hsuing, Sy- Dan Dao (2016), Influence from three-dimensional effect on the wall deflection induced by a deep excavation in Kaohsuing, Taiwan, The 15^th Asian Regional Conference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering “Japnese Geotechnical Society Special Publication” (Vol 2, Issue 45); pp 1602-1607.
[13]	IS 456 (2000), ‘Plain and reinforced concrete code of practice’.
[14]	IS 1904 (1986). Code of practice for design and construction of foundations in soils: general requirements.
[15]	IS 6403 (1981). Code of practice for determination of bearing capacity of shallow foundations.
[16]	IS 8009 part-I (1976). Code of practice for calculation of settlements of foundations.

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APA Style

Karthigeyan Shanmugam, Vishalatchi Ramasamy, Abhirami Bindu. (2021). Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand. International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 7(3), 62-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12

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ACS Style

Karthigeyan Shanmugam; Vishalatchi Ramasamy; Abhirami Bindu. Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand. Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl. 2021, 7(3), 62-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12

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AMA Style

Karthigeyan Shanmugam, Vishalatchi Ramasamy, Abhirami Bindu. Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand. Int J Archit Arts Appl. 2021;7(3):62-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12,
  author = {Karthigeyan Shanmugam and Vishalatchi Ramasamy and Abhirami Bindu},
  title = {Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand},
  journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {62-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20210703.12},
  abstract = {In today scenario, urbanization and related infrastructure development in the form of an excavation adjacent to the existing structure are inevitable. In this case, the stability of an existing structure closer to the excavation is a serious concern. The main issue here is that, what is the safe distance at which new construction can take place from the existing structure? There are many research articles that states on the failure of an existing structure due to new construction adjacent to it in the form of excavations. Given the above, the paper presents the numerical results based on the finite element analyses that were performed for various parameters to examine the behaviour of existing square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations in loose sand using PLAXIS3D software. In the finite element analysis, the behaviour of the footing and sheet pile walls were modelled using a linear elastic material and the elastoplastic behaviour of soil was modelled using a Mohr-Coulomb model under drained conditions. The literature available on this topic reveals that the excavation dimensions, shape of the footing, depth of the footing, location of the footing from the excavation, relative stiffness factor and relative density of sand are influencing the response of existing footing. Two different shapes of excavations such as a long length with narrow excavation under plane strain condition and short length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions were considered in this study. Numerical results indicate that the response of the square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations are very much significant and mainly depends on the size of the excavation. The vertical and horizontal displacement, bending moment of the footing is increasing with an increase in depth of excavation. The footing located very closer to the excavation is significantly influenced as compared to the footing located far away from the excavation. The safe location of the square footing based on the settlement criteria is found to be 1.3 m from the excavation for shorter length excavation under three-dimensional conditions and 10 m for longer length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand
AU  - Karthigeyan Shanmugam
AU  - Vishalatchi Ramasamy
AU  - Abhirami Bindu
Y1  - 2021/08/18
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12
T2  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
SP  - 62
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1131
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12
AB  - In today scenario, urbanization and related infrastructure development in the form of an excavation adjacent to the existing structure are inevitable. In this case, the stability of an existing structure closer to the excavation is a serious concern. The main issue here is that, what is the safe distance at which new construction can take place from the existing structure? There are many research articles that states on the failure of an existing structure due to new construction adjacent to it in the form of excavations. Given the above, the paper presents the numerical results based on the finite element analyses that were performed for various parameters to examine the behaviour of existing square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations in loose sand using PLAXIS3D software. In the finite element analysis, the behaviour of the footing and sheet pile walls were modelled using a linear elastic material and the elastoplastic behaviour of soil was modelled using a Mohr-Coulomb model under drained conditions. The literature available on this topic reveals that the excavation dimensions, shape of the footing, depth of the footing, location of the footing from the excavation, relative stiffness factor and relative density of sand are influencing the response of existing footing. Two different shapes of excavations such as a long length with narrow excavation under plane strain condition and short length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions were considered in this study. Numerical results indicate that the response of the square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations are very much significant and mainly depends on the size of the excavation. The vertical and horizontal displacement, bending moment of the footing is increasing with an increase in depth of excavation. The footing located very closer to the excavation is significantly influenced as compared to the footing located far away from the excavation. The safe location of the square footing based on the settlement criteria is found to be 1.3 m from the excavation for shorter length excavation under three-dimensional conditions and 10 m for longer length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Karthigeyan Shanmugam

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India
Vishalatchi Ramasamy

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India
Abhirami Bindu

Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering Guindy, Anna University, Chennai, India

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APA Style

Karthigeyan Shanmugam, Vishalatchi Ramasamy, Abhirami Bindu. (2021). Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand. International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications, 7(3), 62-70. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12

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ACS Style

Karthigeyan Shanmugam; Vishalatchi Ramasamy; Abhirami Bindu. Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand. Int. J. Archit. Arts Appl. 2021, 7(3), 62-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12

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AMA Style

Karthigeyan Shanmugam, Vishalatchi Ramasamy, Abhirami Bindu. Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand. Int J Archit Arts Appl. 2021;7(3):62-70. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12,
  author = {Karthigeyan Shanmugam and Vishalatchi Ramasamy and Abhirami Bindu},
  title = {Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand},
  journal = {International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {62-70},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaaa.20210703.12},
  abstract = {In today scenario, urbanization and related infrastructure development in the form of an excavation adjacent to the existing structure are inevitable. In this case, the stability of an existing structure closer to the excavation is a serious concern. The main issue here is that, what is the safe distance at which new construction can take place from the existing structure? There are many research articles that states on the failure of an existing structure due to new construction adjacent to it in the form of excavations. Given the above, the paper presents the numerical results based on the finite element analyses that were performed for various parameters to examine the behaviour of existing square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations in loose sand using PLAXIS3D software. In the finite element analysis, the behaviour of the footing and sheet pile walls were modelled using a linear elastic material and the elastoplastic behaviour of soil was modelled using a Mohr-Coulomb model under drained conditions. The literature available on this topic reveals that the excavation dimensions, shape of the footing, depth of the footing, location of the footing from the excavation, relative stiffness factor and relative density of sand are influencing the response of existing footing. Two different shapes of excavations such as a long length with narrow excavation under plane strain condition and short length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions were considered in this study. Numerical results indicate that the response of the square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations are very much significant and mainly depends on the size of the excavation. The vertical and horizontal displacement, bending moment of the footing is increasing with an increase in depth of excavation. The footing located very closer to the excavation is significantly influenced as compared to the footing located far away from the excavation. The safe location of the square footing based on the settlement criteria is found to be 1.3 m from the excavation for shorter length excavation under three-dimensional conditions and 10 m for longer length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Behaviour of Square Footing Due to the Effect of Adjacent Excavation in Sand
AU  - Karthigeyan Shanmugam
AU  - Vishalatchi Ramasamy
AU  - Abhirami Bindu
Y1  - 2021/08/18
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12
T2  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JF  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
JO  - International Journal of Architecture, Arts and Applications
SP  - 62
EP  - 70
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-1131
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaaa.20210703.12
AB  - In today scenario, urbanization and related infrastructure development in the form of an excavation adjacent to the existing structure are inevitable. In this case, the stability of an existing structure closer to the excavation is a serious concern. The main issue here is that, what is the safe distance at which new construction can take place from the existing structure? There are many research articles that states on the failure of an existing structure due to new construction adjacent to it in the form of excavations. Given the above, the paper presents the numerical results based on the finite element analyses that were performed for various parameters to examine the behaviour of existing square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations in loose sand using PLAXIS3D software. In the finite element analysis, the behaviour of the footing and sheet pile walls were modelled using a linear elastic material and the elastoplastic behaviour of soil was modelled using a Mohr-Coulomb model under drained conditions. The literature available on this topic reveals that the excavation dimensions, shape of the footing, depth of the footing, location of the footing from the excavation, relative stiffness factor and relative density of sand are influencing the response of existing footing. Two different shapes of excavations such as a long length with narrow excavation under plane strain condition and short length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions were considered in this study. Numerical results indicate that the response of the square footing due to the effect of adjacent excavations are very much significant and mainly depends on the size of the excavation. The vertical and horizontal displacement, bending moment of the footing is increasing with an increase in depth of excavation. The footing located very closer to the excavation is significantly influenced as compared to the footing located far away from the excavation. The safe location of the square footing based on the settlement criteria is found to be 1.3 m from the excavation for shorter length excavation under three-dimensional conditions and 10 m for longer length of excavation under three-dimensional conditions.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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