Introduction: The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is the most polymorphic of human blood group systems second only to the ABO in transfusion and transplantation medicine with significance in iso-immunization which can cause haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Rhesus negativity amongst antenatal clinic attendees in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. Methodology: This was a 5-year retrospective study carried out between March 1st, 2012 and February 28th, 2017. Data containing the ABO and Rhesus blood group of all antenatal clinic attendees was collected from the Laboratory registers and analysed using Microsoft excel. Results: The prevalence rate of Rhesus D negative women was 4.40%. The average yearly attendance was 2861 women. The commonest blood group was O with 8232 (57.54%), followed by blood group A, 3416 (23.88%) and blood group B, 2388 (16.69%) while the least common blood group was AB, 271 (1.89%). Most Rhesus D-negative women were of blood group O; 382 (60.78%), followed by group A; 142 (22.58%), and blood group B was 94 (14.49%). AB blood group was the least; 11 (1.70%). Sensitization rate among the 629 Rhesus D-negative women was 1.11%. Conclusion: The prevalence of rhesus negativity is low in the population studied with an ABO distribution that mirrored the antenatal population, hence the overall need for immunoprophylaxis. It is however very necessary to educate and counsel all non-sensitized Rhesus negative women on the need for antenatal and post-partum immuno-prophylaxis as well as public enlightenment on the rationale for Rhesus typing, especially among women.
| Published in | Clinical Medicine Research (Volume 10, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15 |
| Page(s) | 26-30 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Blood Group, Rhesus, Pregnancy, Haemolytic Disease
| [1] | Avent, Neil D. Reid, Marion E. The Rh blood group system: a review. Blood 2000; 95 (2): 375–387. Available At: https://doi.org/10.1182/BLOOD.V95.2.375 Accessed 21/07/2020. |
| [2] | Gonsorcik V. K. Rh. Typing. Medscape Emedicine. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1731214-overview#a1 Accessed 21/07/2020. |
| [3] | Landsteiner K, Wiener AS. An agglutinable factor in human blood recognized by immune sera for Rhesus blood. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1940; 43: 223-4. |
| [4] | Farhud DD Zarif Yeganeh M A Brief History of Human Blood Groups Iranian J Publ Health, 2013; 42 (1): 1-6 Available at: http://ijph.tums.ac.ir Accessed 22/07/2020. |
| [5] | Alexander S. Wiener, History of the Rhesus Blood Types, Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences. 1952; 7 (4): 369–383, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/VII.4.369. |
| [6] | Carter BloodCare. The significance of being Rh Negative or Rh Positive. May 2016. Available at: https://www.carterbloodcare.org/the-significance-of-being-rh-negative-or-rh-positive/ Accessed: 16/08/2020. |
| [7] | Management of Rhesus Negative Mother. SLCOG National guidelines. Available at: https://www.gfmer.ch/SRH-Course-2010/national-guidelines/pdf/Management-Rhesus-Negative-Mother-SLCOG.pdf. Accessed 16/08/2020. |
| [8] | Salem L. Rh. Incompatibility. Medscape Emedicine. Available at: https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/797150-overview Accessed 16/08/2020. |
| [9] | Agarwal K, Rana A, Ravi AK. Treatment and Prevention of Rh. Isoimmunization. J. Fetal Med. June 2014; 1: 81–88. Available at: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s40556-014-0013-z.pdf. |
| [10] | Delaney M, Matthews DC. Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn: managing the mother, fetus, and newborn. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2015; (1): 146-51. |
| [11] | Elalfy MS, Elbarbary NS, Abaza HW. Early intravenous immunoglobin (two-dose regimen) in the management of severe Rh hemolytic disease of newborn--a prospective randomized controlled trial. Eur J Pediatr. 2011; 170 (4): 461-7. |
| [12] | Das S. Hemolytic Disease of the Fetus and Newborn. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.85316 Acessed 17/08/2020. |
| [13] | Brinc D, Lazarus AH. Mechanisms of anti-D action in the prevention of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2009; 185-191 https://doi.org/10.1182/asheducation-2009.1.185. |
| [14] | WHO Reproductive Health Library. WHO recommendation on antenatal anti-D immunoglobulin prophylaxis. (December 2016). The WHO Reproductive Health Library; Geneva: World Health Organization. Available at: https://extranet.who.int/rhl/topics/preconception-pregnancy-childbirth-and-postpartum-care/antenatal-care/who-recommendation-antenatal-anti-d-immunoglobulin-prophylaxis. |
| [15] | Al-Khatieeb MM, Al-Joubori SK, Taha SS. Association of ABO Blood Group and Rhesus Factor with Dental Malocclusion in a Population of Baghdad, Iraq. Int J Med Res Health Sci 2018; 7 (1): 165-169 Available online at www.ijmrhs.com Assessed 25/08/2020. |
| [16] | Okeke TC, Ocheni S, Nwagha UI, et al. The prevalence of Rhesus negativity among pregnant women in Enugu, South-East Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. 2012; 15 (4): 400-402. |
| [17] | Adewale SA, Hajara TB. Prevalence of Rhesus D negative blood type and the challenged of Rhesus D immunoprophylaxix among obstetric population in Ogbomoso, South-Western Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Public Health 2016; 9 (1): 12-15. |
| [18] | Ezhil AN, Padmavathy M, Pasupulati R, et al. Prevalence of Rhesus negativity among pregnant women. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2016; 4 (8): 3305-09. |
| [19] | Kasturi BH, Pranita RV. A study on the prevalence of rhesus factor among at tertiary care center in North Karnataka. Int J Curr Res. 2015; 7 (01): 11556-8. |
| [20] | Erhabo O, Kabiru SA, Yakubu A, et al. Rhesus D phenotype among pregnant women in Sokoto, North-West Nigeria. Implication of Hemolytic disease of the newborn and hemolytic transfusion reaction. Health Science Research 2014; 1 (2): 19-24. |
| [21] | Makroo R, Gupta R, Bhatia A, Rosamma NL. Rh phenotype, allele and haplotype frequencies among 51,857 blood donors in North India. Blood Transfus. 2014; 12: 36–9. |
| [22] | Golassa, L., Tsegaye, A., Erko, B. Mamo H. High Rhesus (Rh (D)) Negative frequency and Ethnic-group based ABO blood group distribution in Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes 2017; 10: 330. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-017-2644-3. |
| [23] | Garratty G, Glynn SA, McEntire R. ABO and Rh (D) phenotype frequencies of different racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Transfus. 2004; 44: 703–6. |
| [24] | Flores-Bello A, Mas-Ponte D, Rosu ME, Bosch E, Calafell F, Comas D. Sequence diversity of the Rh blood group system in Basques. Eur J Hum Genet. 2018 Dec; 26 (12): 1859–1866 Availabl at: doi: 10.1038/s41431-018-0232-1. |
| [25] | Kulkami AG. Peter B, Ibazebo R, Dash B, Fleming AF. The ABO and Rhesus groups in the North of Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1985; 79: 83-88. |
| [26] | Onwuhafua PI, Adze J. Pregnancy in Rhesus Negative women in Kaduna, Northern Nigeria. Trop. J. Obstet. Gynaecol. 2004; 21: 21-23. |
| [27] | Puangsricharern A, Suksawat S. (2007). Prevalence of Rh negative pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic and delivered in Rajavithi Hospital: 2000-2005. J Med Assoc Thai 2007; 90 (8): 1491-4. |
| [28] | Salmon D, Godelier M, Halle L, et al. Blood groups in Papua New Guinea Eastern Highlands. Gene Geography: a Computerized Bulletin on Human Gene Frequencies. 1988 Aug-Dec; 2 (2-3): 89-98. |
| [29] | Pourfath EA, Oody A, Honarkaran N. Geographical distribution of ABO and Rh (D) blood groups among Iranian blood donors in the year 1361 (1982) as compared with that of the year 1380 (2001). Blood (Khoon). 2004; 1 (1): 11–7. |
| [30] | Bamidele O, Arokoyo DS, Akinbola AO. Distribution of ABO and rhesus blood groups among medical students in Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria. Ann. Biol. Res. 2013; 4 (11): 1-6. |
| [31] | Adeyemo OA, Soboye JO, Omolade B, (2006). Frequency distribution of ABO, RH blood groups and blood genotype among cell biology and genetics students of University Lagos, Nigeria. African J. Biotech. 2006; 5: (22) 2062 – 2065. |
| [32] | Bakare AA, Azeez MA, Agbolade JO. Gene frequencies of ABO and rhesus blood groups and haemoglobin variants in Ogbomoso, South–West Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 2006; 5 (3): 224-229 Available online at http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB. |
| [33] | Odokuma EI, Okolo AC, Aloamaka PC. Distribution of ABO and rhesus blood groups in Abraka, Delta State. Niger J Physiol Sci 2007; 22: 89-91. |
| [34] | Shoujanya Pinapothu, Triveni Guvvada, M. N. Sowjanya, Vasanthi, Anusha, Deepika. Prevalence of rhesus negative pregnancy and comparison to its prevalence in previous decade. IAIM, 2019; 6 (12): 10-14. |
APA Style
Emem Abasi Bassey, Matthias Gabriel Abah, Christopher Azubuike Opone, Aniekan Linus Jackson. (2021). Prevalence of Rhesus Negative Status Amongst Antenatal Atendees in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria: A 5-Year Review. Clinical Medicine Research, 10(1), 26-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15
ACS Style
Emem Abasi Bassey; Matthias Gabriel Abah; Christopher Azubuike Opone; Aniekan Linus Jackson. Prevalence of Rhesus Negative Status Amongst Antenatal Atendees in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria: A 5-Year Review. Clin. Med. Res. 2021, 10(1), 26-30. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15
AMA Style
Emem Abasi Bassey, Matthias Gabriel Abah, Christopher Azubuike Opone, Aniekan Linus Jackson. Prevalence of Rhesus Negative Status Amongst Antenatal Atendees in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria: A 5-Year Review. Clin Med Res. 2021;10(1):26-30. doi: 10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15,
author = {Emem Abasi Bassey and Matthias Gabriel Abah and Christopher Azubuike Opone and Aniekan Linus Jackson},
title = {Prevalence of Rhesus Negative Status Amongst Antenatal Atendees in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria: A 5-Year Review},
journal = {Clinical Medicine Research},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {26-30},
doi = {10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cmr.20211001.15},
abstract = {Introduction: The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is the most polymorphic of human blood group systems second only to the ABO in transfusion and transplantation medicine with significance in iso-immunization which can cause haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Rhesus negativity amongst antenatal clinic attendees in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. Methodology: This was a 5-year retrospective study carried out between March 1st, 2012 and February 28th, 2017. Data containing the ABO and Rhesus blood group of all antenatal clinic attendees was collected from the Laboratory registers and analysed using Microsoft excel. Results: The prevalence rate of Rhesus D negative women was 4.40%. The average yearly attendance was 2861 women. The commonest blood group was O with 8232 (57.54%), followed by blood group A, 3416 (23.88%) and blood group B, 2388 (16.69%) while the least common blood group was AB, 271 (1.89%). Most Rhesus D-negative women were of blood group O; 382 (60.78%), followed by group A; 142 (22.58%), and blood group B was 94 (14.49%). AB blood group was the least; 11 (1.70%). Sensitization rate among the 629 Rhesus D-negative women was 1.11%. Conclusion: The prevalence of rhesus negativity is low in the population studied with an ABO distribution that mirrored the antenatal population, hence the overall need for immunoprophylaxis. It is however very necessary to educate and counsel all non-sensitized Rhesus negative women on the need for antenatal and post-partum immuno-prophylaxis as well as public enlightenment on the rationale for Rhesus typing, especially among women.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Prevalence of Rhesus Negative Status Amongst Antenatal Atendees in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria: A 5-Year Review AU - Emem Abasi Bassey AU - Matthias Gabriel Abah AU - Christopher Azubuike Opone AU - Aniekan Linus Jackson Y1 - 2021/02/09 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15 DO - 10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15 T2 - Clinical Medicine Research JF - Clinical Medicine Research JO - Clinical Medicine Research SP - 26 EP - 30 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2326-9057 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cmr.20211001.15 AB - Introduction: The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is the most polymorphic of human blood group systems second only to the ABO in transfusion and transplantation medicine with significance in iso-immunization which can cause haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn. This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Rhesus negativity amongst antenatal clinic attendees in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital. Methodology: This was a 5-year retrospective study carried out between March 1st, 2012 and February 28th, 2017. Data containing the ABO and Rhesus blood group of all antenatal clinic attendees was collected from the Laboratory registers and analysed using Microsoft excel. Results: The prevalence rate of Rhesus D negative women was 4.40%. The average yearly attendance was 2861 women. The commonest blood group was O with 8232 (57.54%), followed by blood group A, 3416 (23.88%) and blood group B, 2388 (16.69%) while the least common blood group was AB, 271 (1.89%). Most Rhesus D-negative women were of blood group O; 382 (60.78%), followed by group A; 142 (22.58%), and blood group B was 94 (14.49%). AB blood group was the least; 11 (1.70%). Sensitization rate among the 629 Rhesus D-negative women was 1.11%. Conclusion: The prevalence of rhesus negativity is low in the population studied with an ABO distribution that mirrored the antenatal population, hence the overall need for immunoprophylaxis. It is however very necessary to educate and counsel all non-sensitized Rhesus negative women on the need for antenatal and post-partum immuno-prophylaxis as well as public enlightenment on the rationale for Rhesus typing, especially among women. VL - 10 IS - 1 ER -
Information
Email: