Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (<i>Phacochoerus africanus</i>) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia

Alemayehu Edossa; Afework Bekele; Habte Jebessa Debella

doi:doi:10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13

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Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia

Alemayehu Edossa, Afework Bekele, Habte Jebessa Debella

Published in American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 18 December 2020 Accepted: 6 January 2021 Published: 22 March 2021

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Abstract

To identify chemical composition of lick soil and function of soil ingested by common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus), the study was conducted in Gassi Controlled Area (GCHA); southwestern and in Haro Aba Diko Controlled Hunting Area (HADCHA) northeastern Dabena Valley Forest from May 2016 to June 2018. Top soil samples licked by common warthog were taken from 2.5 cm diameter, 20 cm deep soil cores, from five evenly spaced locations around the periphery of the central 60x60 m grid in each feeding plot. Soil samples were dried under shade for one week and then kept at 28°C until analyzed. Samples were homogenized and sieved through 2 mm mesh. The mean proportion of organic carbon in Menjiko (t= 5.21, df=1, P<0.01) and in Gimbicho (t= –4.08, df=1, P 0.05). Mean potassium concentration in salt lick common warthog ranged from 0.11±0.014 meq/100g (Desa) to 0.246±0.01meq/100g (Robe) during the wet season in Dabena Valley Forest (DVF). Warthogs supplemented their forage intake by licking different mineral elements from the ground. Mineral lick also benefits the animals in regulating the state body equilibrium and defending pathogens invading the animal’s body.

Published in	American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13
Page(s)	13-20
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Chemical Composition Common Warthog, Functions, Ingested, Lick Soils

References

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APA Style

Alemayehu Edossa, Afework Bekele, Habte Jebessa Debella. (2021). Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 9(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13

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ACS Style

Alemayehu Edossa; Afework Bekele; Habte Jebessa Debella. Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2021, 9(1), 13-20. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13

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AMA Style

Alemayehu Edossa, Afework Bekele, Habte Jebessa Debella. Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2021;9(1):13-20. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13

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@article{10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13,
  author = {Alemayehu Edossa and Afework Bekele and Habte Jebessa Debella},
  title = {Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20210901.13},
  abstract = {To identify chemical composition of lick soil and function of soil ingested by common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus), the study was conducted in Gassi Controlled Area (GCHA); southwestern and in Haro Aba Diko Controlled Hunting Area (HADCHA) northeastern Dabena Valley Forest from May 2016 to June 2018. Top soil samples licked by common warthog were taken from 2.5 cm diameter, 20 cm deep soil cores, from five evenly spaced locations around the periphery of the central 60x60 m grid in each feeding plot. Soil samples were dried under shade for one week and then kept at 28°C until analyzed. Samples were homogenized and sieved through 2 mm mesh. The mean proportion of organic carbon in Menjiko (t= 5.21, df=1, P 0.05). Mean potassium concentration in salt lick common warthog ranged from 0.11±0.014 meq/100g (Desa) to 0.246±0.01meq/100g (Robe) during the wet season in Dabena Valley Forest (DVF). Warthogs supplemented their forage intake by licking different mineral elements from the ground. Mineral lick also benefits the animals in regulating the state body equilibrium and defending pathogens invading the animal’s body.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia
AU  - Alemayehu Edossa
AU  - Afework Bekele
AU  - Habte Jebessa Debella
Y1  - 2021/03/22
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N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13
T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 13
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5893
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13
AB  - To identify chemical composition of lick soil and function of soil ingested by common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus), the study was conducted in Gassi Controlled Area (GCHA); southwestern and in Haro Aba Diko Controlled Hunting Area (HADCHA) northeastern Dabena Valley Forest from May 2016 to June 2018. Top soil samples licked by common warthog were taken from 2.5 cm diameter, 20 cm deep soil cores, from five evenly spaced locations around the periphery of the central 60x60 m grid in each feeding plot. Soil samples were dried under shade for one week and then kept at 28°C until analyzed. Samples were homogenized and sieved through 2 mm mesh. The mean proportion of organic carbon in Menjiko (t= 5.21, df=1, P 0.05). Mean potassium concentration in salt lick common warthog ranged from 0.11±0.014 meq/100g (Desa) to 0.246±0.01meq/100g (Robe) during the wet season in Dabena Valley Forest (DVF). Warthogs supplemented their forage intake by licking different mineral elements from the ground. Mineral lick also benefits the animals in regulating the state body equilibrium and defending pathogens invading the animal’s body.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Alemayehu Edossa

Department of Biology, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia
Afework Bekele

Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Habte Jebessa Debella

Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

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Alemayehu Edossa, Afework Bekele, Habte Jebessa Debella. (2021). Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia. American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 9(1), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13

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ACS Style

Alemayehu Edossa; Afework Bekele; Habte Jebessa Debella. Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia. Am. J. BioSci. Bioeng. 2021, 9(1), 13-20. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13

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AMA Style

Alemayehu Edossa, Afework Bekele, Habte Jebessa Debella. Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia. Am J BioSci Bioeng. 2021;9(1):13-20. doi: 10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13

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@article{10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13,
  author = {Alemayehu Edossa and Afework Bekele and Habte Jebessa Debella},
  title = {Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia},
  journal = {American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {13-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.bio.20210901.13},
  abstract = {To identify chemical composition of lick soil and function of soil ingested by common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus), the study was conducted in Gassi Controlled Area (GCHA); southwestern and in Haro Aba Diko Controlled Hunting Area (HADCHA) northeastern Dabena Valley Forest from May 2016 to June 2018. Top soil samples licked by common warthog were taken from 2.5 cm diameter, 20 cm deep soil cores, from five evenly spaced locations around the periphery of the central 60x60 m grid in each feeding plot. Soil samples were dried under shade for one week and then kept at 28°C until analyzed. Samples were homogenized and sieved through 2 mm mesh. The mean proportion of organic carbon in Menjiko (t= 5.21, df=1, P 0.05). Mean potassium concentration in salt lick common warthog ranged from 0.11±0.014 meq/100g (Desa) to 0.246±0.01meq/100g (Robe) during the wet season in Dabena Valley Forest (DVF). Warthogs supplemented their forage intake by licking different mineral elements from the ground. Mineral lick also benefits the animals in regulating the state body equilibrium and defending pathogens invading the animal’s body.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Chemical Composition of Lick Soils and Functions of Soil Ingested by Common Warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus) in Dabena Valley Forest, Western Ethiopia
AU  - Alemayehu Edossa
AU  - Afework Bekele
AU  - Habte Jebessa Debella
Y1  - 2021/03/22
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13
T2  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JF  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
JO  - American Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering
SP  - 13
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5893
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.bio.20210901.13
AB  - To identify chemical composition of lick soil and function of soil ingested by common warthogs (Phacochoerus africanus), the study was conducted in Gassi Controlled Area (GCHA); southwestern and in Haro Aba Diko Controlled Hunting Area (HADCHA) northeastern Dabena Valley Forest from May 2016 to June 2018. Top soil samples licked by common warthog were taken from 2.5 cm diameter, 20 cm deep soil cores, from five evenly spaced locations around the periphery of the central 60x60 m grid in each feeding plot. Soil samples were dried under shade for one week and then kept at 28°C until analyzed. Samples were homogenized and sieved through 2 mm mesh. The mean proportion of organic carbon in Menjiko (t= 5.21, df=1, P 0.05). Mean potassium concentration in salt lick common warthog ranged from 0.11±0.014 meq/100g (Desa) to 0.246±0.01meq/100g (Robe) during the wet season in Dabena Valley Forest (DVF). Warthogs supplemented their forage intake by licking different mineral elements from the ground. Mineral lick also benefits the animals in regulating the state body equilibrium and defending pathogens invading the animal’s body.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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