Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement

Jinhua Liu; Zhicai Gao; Ya Zhou; Zhi Qiao; Sumaira Kayani

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

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Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement

Jinhua Liu, Zhicai Gao, Ya Zhou, Zhi Qiao, Sumaira Kayani

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 11, Issue 3)

Received: 12 June 2023 Accepted: 27 June 2023 Published: 6 July 2023

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Abstract

The problem of diminished performance under stress, often referred to as 'choking under pressure,' is a significant issue in the realm of sports psychology, especially during high-stakes competitions. Researchers have thoroughly explored various factors contributing to this issue, yet the role of self-enhancement in sporting competition scenarios hasn't received the same level of scrutiny. Characterized by an individual's inclination to emphasize positive outcomes for self-esteem protection and setting lofty personal standards, self-enhancement is increasingly becoming a focal point in the study of choking. Our research draws from the self-focus theory and related studies, probing the mediating influence of self-enhancement on the relationship between high-pressure environments and choking tendencies. In our study, we used an experimental design based on dart-throwing as a representative model for sports performance under stress, aiming to elucidate the role of self-enhancement as a mediating variable in such settings. Involving fifty collegiate athletes, the study required participants to first complete a self-enhancement personality measure. They then engaged in dart-throwing tasks under two different conditions: one with low pressure and another with high pressure. Using statistical analysis tools SPSS 27.0 and Process 4.2, we discovered a link between high levels of self-enhancement, increased self-perceived cognitive pressure (β=.43, p<.01), and a higher chance of choking (β=.39, p<.01). The findings reveal that self-enhancement partially mediates the relationship between perceived pressure and performance, accounting for a variance of 30% in sports settings. It suggests that self-enhancement serves as a connecting factor between pressure perception and choking. These insights into self-enhancement tendencies provide valuable perspectives for designing future interventions to help mitigate choking. Such efforts could, in turn, potentially boost the competitiveness and longevity of collegiate athletes' performances.

Published in	American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 11, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
Page(s)	59-67
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Pressure, Self-Enhancement, Choking, Mediating Effect

References

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Jinhua Liu, Zhicai Gao, Ya Zhou, Zhi Qiao, Sumaira Kayani. (2023). Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement. American Journal of Sports Science, 11(3), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

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ACS Style

Jinhua Liu; Zhicai Gao; Ya Zhou; Zhi Qiao; Sumaira Kayani. Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2023, 11(3), 59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

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AMA Style

Jinhua Liu, Zhicai Gao, Ya Zhou, Zhi Qiao, Sumaira Kayani. Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement. Am J Sports Sci. 2023;11(3):59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11,
  author = {Jinhua Liu and Zhicai Gao and Ya Zhou and Zhi Qiao and Sumaira Kayani},
  title = {Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {59-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20231103.11},
  abstract = {The problem of diminished performance under stress, often referred to as 'choking under pressure,' is a significant issue in the realm of sports psychology, especially during high-stakes competitions. Researchers have thoroughly explored various factors contributing to this issue, yet the role of self-enhancement in sporting competition scenarios hasn't received the same level of scrutiny. Characterized by an individual's inclination to emphasize positive outcomes for self-esteem protection and setting lofty personal standards, self-enhancement is increasingly becoming a focal point in the study of choking. Our research draws from the self-focus theory and related studies, probing the mediating influence of self-enhancement on the relationship between high-pressure environments and choking tendencies. In our study, we used an experimental design based on dart-throwing as a representative model for sports performance under stress, aiming to elucidate the role of self-enhancement as a mediating variable in such settings. Involving fifty collegiate athletes, the study required participants to first complete a self-enhancement personality measure. They then engaged in dart-throwing tasks under two different conditions: one with low pressure and another with high pressure. Using statistical analysis tools SPSS 27.0 and Process 4.2, we discovered a link between high levels of self-enhancement, increased self-perceived cognitive pressure (β=.43, p<.01), and a higher chance of choking (β=.39, p<.01). The findings reveal that self-enhancement partially mediates the relationship between perceived pressure and performance, accounting for a variance of 30% in sports settings. It suggests that self-enhancement serves as a connecting factor between pressure perception and choking. These insights into self-enhancement tendencies provide valuable perspectives for designing future interventions to help mitigate choking. Such efforts could, in turn, potentially boost the competitiveness and longevity of collegiate athletes' performances.},
 year = {2023}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement
AU  - Jinhua Liu
AU  - Zhicai Gao
AU  - Ya Zhou
AU  - Zhi Qiao
AU  - Sumaira Kayani
Y1  - 2023/07/06
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 59
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
AB  - The problem of diminished performance under stress, often referred to as 'choking under pressure,' is a significant issue in the realm of sports psychology, especially during high-stakes competitions. Researchers have thoroughly explored various factors contributing to this issue, yet the role of self-enhancement in sporting competition scenarios hasn't received the same level of scrutiny. Characterized by an individual's inclination to emphasize positive outcomes for self-esteem protection and setting lofty personal standards, self-enhancement is increasingly becoming a focal point in the study of choking. Our research draws from the self-focus theory and related studies, probing the mediating influence of self-enhancement on the relationship between high-pressure environments and choking tendencies. In our study, we used an experimental design based on dart-throwing as a representative model for sports performance under stress, aiming to elucidate the role of self-enhancement as a mediating variable in such settings. Involving fifty collegiate athletes, the study required participants to first complete a self-enhancement personality measure. They then engaged in dart-throwing tasks under two different conditions: one with low pressure and another with high pressure. Using statistical analysis tools SPSS 27.0 and Process 4.2, we discovered a link between high levels of self-enhancement, increased self-perceived cognitive pressure (β=.43, p<.01), and a higher chance of choking (β=.39, p<.01). The findings reveal that self-enhancement partially mediates the relationship between perceived pressure and performance, accounting for a variance of 30% in sports settings. It suggests that self-enhancement serves as a connecting factor between pressure perception and choking. These insights into self-enhancement tendencies provide valuable perspectives for designing future interventions to help mitigate choking. Such efforts could, in turn, potentially boost the competitiveness and longevity of collegiate athletes' performances.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Jinhua Liu

School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
Zhicai Gao

School of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Kunming Metallurgy College, Kunming, China
Ya Zhou

School of Rehabilitation, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
Zhi Qiao

School of Sports Science, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
Sumaira Kayani

Department of Education, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan

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Jinhua Liu, Zhicai Gao, Ya Zhou, Zhi Qiao, Sumaira Kayani. (2023). Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement. American Journal of Sports Science, 11(3), 59-67. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

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ACS Style

Jinhua Liu; Zhicai Gao; Ya Zhou; Zhi Qiao; Sumaira Kayani. Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2023, 11(3), 59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

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AMA Style

Jinhua Liu, Zhicai Gao, Ya Zhou, Zhi Qiao, Sumaira Kayani. Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement. Am J Sports Sci. 2023;11(3):59-67. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11,
  author = {Jinhua Liu and Zhicai Gao and Ya Zhou and Zhi Qiao and Sumaira Kayani},
  title = {Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement},
  journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
  volume = {11},
  number = {3},
  pages = {59-67},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20231103.11},
  abstract = {The problem of diminished performance under stress, often referred to as 'choking under pressure,' is a significant issue in the realm of sports psychology, especially during high-stakes competitions. Researchers have thoroughly explored various factors contributing to this issue, yet the role of self-enhancement in sporting competition scenarios hasn't received the same level of scrutiny. Characterized by an individual's inclination to emphasize positive outcomes for self-esteem protection and setting lofty personal standards, self-enhancement is increasingly becoming a focal point in the study of choking. Our research draws from the self-focus theory and related studies, probing the mediating influence of self-enhancement on the relationship between high-pressure environments and choking tendencies. In our study, we used an experimental design based on dart-throwing as a representative model for sports performance under stress, aiming to elucidate the role of self-enhancement as a mediating variable in such settings. Involving fifty collegiate athletes, the study required participants to first complete a self-enhancement personality measure. They then engaged in dart-throwing tasks under two different conditions: one with low pressure and another with high pressure. Using statistical analysis tools SPSS 27.0 and Process 4.2, we discovered a link between high levels of self-enhancement, increased self-perceived cognitive pressure (β=.43, p<.01), and a higher chance of choking (β=.39, p<.01). The findings reveal that self-enhancement partially mediates the relationship between perceived pressure and performance, accounting for a variance of 30% in sports settings. It suggests that self-enhancement serves as a connecting factor between pressure perception and choking. These insights into self-enhancement tendencies provide valuable perspectives for designing future interventions to help mitigate choking. Such efforts could, in turn, potentially boost the competitiveness and longevity of collegiate athletes' performances.},
 year = {2023}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Pressure and Choking in Darts of College Athletes: The Interplay of Self-Enhancement
AU  - Jinhua Liu
AU  - Zhicai Gao
AU  - Ya Zhou
AU  - Zhi Qiao
AU  - Sumaira Kayani
Y1  - 2023/07/06
PY  - 2023
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
T2  - American Journal of Sports Science
JF  - American Journal of Sports Science
JO  - American Journal of Sports Science
SP  - 59
EP  - 67
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8540
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20231103.11
AB  - The problem of diminished performance under stress, often referred to as 'choking under pressure,' is a significant issue in the realm of sports psychology, especially during high-stakes competitions. Researchers have thoroughly explored various factors contributing to this issue, yet the role of self-enhancement in sporting competition scenarios hasn't received the same level of scrutiny. Characterized by an individual's inclination to emphasize positive outcomes for self-esteem protection and setting lofty personal standards, self-enhancement is increasingly becoming a focal point in the study of choking. Our research draws from the self-focus theory and related studies, probing the mediating influence of self-enhancement on the relationship between high-pressure environments and choking tendencies. In our study, we used an experimental design based on dart-throwing as a representative model for sports performance under stress, aiming to elucidate the role of self-enhancement as a mediating variable in such settings. Involving fifty collegiate athletes, the study required participants to first complete a self-enhancement personality measure. They then engaged in dart-throwing tasks under two different conditions: one with low pressure and another with high pressure. Using statistical analysis tools SPSS 27.0 and Process 4.2, we discovered a link between high levels of self-enhancement, increased self-perceived cognitive pressure (β=.43, p<.01), and a higher chance of choking (β=.39, p<.01). The findings reveal that self-enhancement partially mediates the relationship between perceived pressure and performance, accounting for a variance of 30% in sports settings. It suggests that self-enhancement serves as a connecting factor between pressure perception and choking. These insights into self-enhancement tendencies provide valuable perspectives for designing future interventions to help mitigate choking. Such efforts could, in turn, potentially boost the competitiveness and longevity of collegiate athletes' performances.
VL  - 11
IS  - 3
ER  -

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