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Development of Chinese Martial Arts: The Influence of Wuju System’s Establishment in the Sui and Tang Dynasties

Received: 26 October 2021    Accepted: 20 December 2021    Published: 15 January 2022
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Abstract

Wuju system, also known as Wuke, was began in Tang Dynasty, the second year when Wu Zetian became empress. However, it was abolished in the 27th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty and has lasted for more than 1,200 years. As one of the main ways to select martial arts talents in feudal China, it has had a profound impact on the development of martial arts. In Sui Dynasty, martial arts were prohibited, then, there emerged some informal systems to select martial arts talents. Wuju system was formed in Tang Dynasty, completed in Song Dynasty, developed in Ming Dynasty, finally abolished in Qing Dynasty. Even though, it improved the selection criteria for talents that are adept with both the pen and the sword. However, with the successive invasions of Western colonists, the traditional martial arts are clearly no longer suitable for the needs of modern warfare. The abolition of Wuju system caused a fierce debate in the imperial court, but it was finally abolished. Wuju system has had a positive impact on the development of martial arts, but at the same time, due to the limitations of itself, to some extent, it has slowed the developmental pace of martial arts. Therefore, we must absorb the essence and discard the dregs of Wuju system, studying it from different perspectives, drawing on the experience of the past and providing some references for the future development of martial arts.

Published in American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajss.20221001.11
Page(s) 1-4
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Sui and Tang Dynasties, Wuju System, Martial Arts Development

References
[1] Liu Jianping. On the military official selecting institution in Chinese history. Wushu Studies. 2004 (3): 29-31.
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[3] Zhou Weiliang. History of Chinese Wushu. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2003.
[4] Jiang Junshi. Study on the social foundation for the boom of Wushu in Ming dynasty. Jinan: Shandong normal university, 2008.
[5] Shen Bao Zhen. Qing Ting Wu Wei Pian. In Ge Shi Jun (Ed.), Huang Chao Jing Shi Wen Xu Bian·volumn 54. Taipei: Wen Hai Press Company.
[6] Zhou Xiaoqing et, al. Culture, System and Function: Tracing the Evolution and Its Impact on Military Examination System. Journal of Beijing Sport University. 2019, 41 (1): 70-77.
[7] Qiu Peixiang, History of Chinese Wushu. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2008.
[8] Li Shengheng et al. The Influence of the Millitary Examination System of Feudal Society to the Development of Wushu in China. Wushu Studies, 2007, 4 (2): 13-14.
[9] Li Junhua. Influence of Wuju System's Abolishment on Chinese Martial Arts Development. Journal of Sports and Science. 2011 (3): 110-111+120.
[10] Yang Aiha. A Textual Research into Apparatuses for Imperial Martial Arts Examination. Journal of PLA Institute of Physical Education. 2006 (3): 42-46.
[11] Changbian·volume 202, Zhiping first year, September.
[12] Tongdian·volume 15, Xuan Ju Li Dai Zhi Xia.
[13] Wang Qinruo et, al. Ce Fu Yuan Gui·Gong Ju Bu·Ying Ju. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1960.
[14] Song Lian et al. Yuanshi·xingfazhi. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1976.
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[16] Li Tao, Continuation of Zizhi tongjian. Beijing: Zhonghua Book Company, 1997.
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  • APA Style

    Li Jun Hua. (2022). Development of Chinese Martial Arts: The Influence of Wuju System’s Establishment in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. American Journal of Sports Science, 10(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20221001.11

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    ACS Style

    Li Jun Hua. Development of Chinese Martial Arts: The Influence of Wuju System’s Establishment in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2022, 10(1), 1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20221001.11

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    AMA Style

    Li Jun Hua. Development of Chinese Martial Arts: The Influence of Wuju System’s Establishment in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. Am J Sports Sci. 2022;10(1):1-4. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20221001.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajss.20221001.11,
      author = {Li Jun Hua},
      title = {Development of Chinese Martial Arts: The Influence of Wuju System’s Establishment in the Sui and Tang Dynasties},
      journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
      volume = {10},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-4},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20221001.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20221001.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20221001.11},
      abstract = {Wuju system, also known as Wuke, was began in Tang Dynasty, the second year when Wu Zetian became empress. However, it was abolished in the 27th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty and has lasted for more than 1,200 years. As one of the main ways to select martial arts talents in feudal China, it has had a profound impact on the development of martial arts. In Sui Dynasty, martial arts were prohibited, then, there emerged some informal systems to select martial arts talents. Wuju system was formed in Tang Dynasty, completed in Song Dynasty, developed in Ming Dynasty, finally abolished in Qing Dynasty. Even though, it improved the selection criteria for talents that are adept with both the pen and the sword. However, with the successive invasions of Western colonists, the traditional martial arts are clearly no longer suitable for the needs of modern warfare. The abolition of Wuju system caused a fierce debate in the imperial court, but it was finally abolished. Wuju system has had a positive impact on the development of martial arts, but at the same time, due to the limitations of itself, to some extent, it has slowed the developmental pace of martial arts. Therefore, we must absorb the essence and discard the dregs of Wuju system, studying it from different perspectives, drawing on the experience of the past and providing some references for the future development of martial arts.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    AB  - Wuju system, also known as Wuke, was began in Tang Dynasty, the second year when Wu Zetian became empress. However, it was abolished in the 27th year of Guangxu in Qing Dynasty and has lasted for more than 1,200 years. As one of the main ways to select martial arts talents in feudal China, it has had a profound impact on the development of martial arts. In Sui Dynasty, martial arts were prohibited, then, there emerged some informal systems to select martial arts talents. Wuju system was formed in Tang Dynasty, completed in Song Dynasty, developed in Ming Dynasty, finally abolished in Qing Dynasty. Even though, it improved the selection criteria for talents that are adept with both the pen and the sword. However, with the successive invasions of Western colonists, the traditional martial arts are clearly no longer suitable for the needs of modern warfare. The abolition of Wuju system caused a fierce debate in the imperial court, but it was finally abolished. Wuju system has had a positive impact on the development of martial arts, but at the same time, due to the limitations of itself, to some extent, it has slowed the developmental pace of martial arts. Therefore, we must absorb the essence and discard the dregs of Wuju system, studying it from different perspectives, drawing on the experience of the past and providing some references for the future development of martial arts.
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Author Information
  • Physical Education Department, China Women’s University, Beijing, China

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