Jump testing to monitor athletic performance and development has become commonplace in the field of strength and conditioning. Verbal cues of jump tests, such as the drop jump, has significant effects on performance metrics and movement strategy. The purpose of this study was to use a force platform analysis to investigate landing depth and global flexion in the lower extremity joints at initial impact between cues to maximize jump height or minimize ground contact time. Another purpose of this study was to repeat previous investigations on the influence of cueing DVJs to maximize height or minimize ground contact time on the Reactive Strength Index (RSI). Thirty-nine Division I soccer players performed one DVJ (DVJHeight) for maximum height and another DVJ (DVJQuick) for quickness. Differences in dependent variables were analyzed by Bayesian paired samples t-tests. RSI was greatest in the DVJQuick condition (Meandiff = 0.36 ± 104 (95% HDI: .232, .492). Ground contact time was shorter with the DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.19 ± 0.028, 95% HDI: -0.224, -0.155). Jump height was less with the DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.033 ± 0.007, 95% HDI: -0.068,.0035). Landing depth decreased during the DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.093 ± 0.018, 95% HDI: -0.118, -0.066). Global flexion in the lower extremities at impact decreased with a DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.057 ± 0.025, 95% HDI: -0.084, -0.031). DVJQuick resulted in a large increase in RSI due to disproportionate decreases in ground contact time (large decrease) compared to jump height (small decrease). The increase in RSI with DVJQuick coincided with a decrease in landing depth, suggesting a stiff landing strategy and increased stretch-shortening cycle intensity.
| Published in | American Journal of Sports Science (Volume 9, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12 |
| Page(s) | 37-42 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Drop Vertical Jump, Strategies, Stiffness
| [1] | Barker, LA, Harry, JR, and Mercer, JA. Relationships Between Countermovement Jump Ground Reaction Forces and Jump Height, Reactive Strength Index, and Jump Time. J Strength Cond Res 32 (1): 248-254, 2017. |
| [2] | Beattie, K, Carson, BP, Lyons, M, Kenny, I. The Relationship Between Maximal Strength and Reactive Strength. Inter J Sports Physiol Performance 12: 548-553, 2017. |
| [3] | Beattie, K, Flanagan, EP. Establishing the Reliability & Meaningful Change of the Drop-Jump Reactive-Strength Index. J Aust. Strength Cond 23 (5): 12-18, 2015. |
| [4] | Benz, A, Winkelman, N, Porter, J, Nimphius, S. Coaching Instructions and Cues for Enhancing Sprint Performance. Strength and Conditioning Journal 38 (1): 1-11, 2016. |
| [5] | Cormie, P, McBride, JM, and McCaulley, GO. Power-Time, Force-Time, and Velocity-Time Curve Analysis of the Countermovement Jump: Impact of Training. J Strength Cond Res 23 (1): 177–186, 2009. |
| [6] | Cormie, P, McGuigan, MR, and Newton, RU. Changes in the Eccentric Phase Contribute to Improved Stretch-Shorten Cycle Performance after Training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 42: 1731–1744, 2010. |
| [7] | Cronin, JB, Hansen, KT. Strength and Power Predictors of Sports Speed. J Strength Cond Res 19 (2): 349-357, 2005. |
| [8] | Devita, P and Skelly, WA. Effect of landing stiffness on joint kinetics and energetics in the lower extremity. Med Sci Sport Exerc 24: 108–115, 1992. |
| [9] | Douglas, J, Pearson, S, Ross, A, McGuigan, M. Kinetic Determinants of Reactive Strength in Highly Training Sprint Athletes. J Strength Cond Res 32 (6): 1562-1570, 2017. |
| [10] | Earp, J, Newton, R, Cormie, P, Blazevich, A. Faster Movement Speed Results in Greater Tendon Strain during Loaded Squat Exercise. Frontiers in Physiology 7: 366, 1-12. 2016. |
| [11] | Flanagan, EP, Galvin, L, Harrison, A. Force Production and reactive Strength Capabilities After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction. Journal of Athletic Training 43 (3): 249-257, 2008. |
| [12] | Guy-Cherry, D, Alanazi, A, Miller, L, Staloch, D, Ortiz-Rodriguez, A. Landing Styles Influences Reactive Strength Index Without Increasing Risk for Injury. Sports Medicine International Open 2: E35-E40, 2018. |
| [13] | Harry, JR, Barker, LA, Eggleston, JD, Dufek, JS. Evaluating Performance During Maximum Effort Vertical Jump Landings. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 34: 403-409, 2018. |
| [14] | Harry, JR, Blinch, J, Barker, L, Krzyszkowski, J, Chowning, L. Low-Pass Filter Effects on Metrics of Countermovement Vertical Jump Performance. J Strength Cond Res, In Press, 2020. |
| [15] | Holbrook, A. K., Peterson, H. D., Bianchi, S. A., Macdonald, B. W., Bredahl, E. C., Belshan, M, Siedlik, J. A.. CD4(+) T cell activation and associated susceptibility to HIV-1 infection in vitro increased following acute resistance exercise in human subjects. Physiol Rep 7 (18): e14234, 2019. |
| [16] | Horita, T, Komi, PV, Nicol, C, Kyrolainen, H. Interaction Between Pre-Landing Activities and Stiffness Regulation of the Knee Joint Musculoskeletal System in the Drop Jump: Implications to Performance. Eur J Appl Physiol 88: 76-84, 2002. |
| [17] | Khuu, S, Musalem, L, Beach, TA. Verbal Instructions Acutely Affect Drop Vertical Jump Biomechanics- Implications for Athletic Performance and Injury Risk Assessments. J Strength Cond Res, 29 (10): 2816-26, 2015. |
| [18] | Kijowski, KN, Capps, CR, Goodman, CL, Erickson, TM, Knorr, DP, Triplett, TN, et al. Short-term Resistance and Plyometric Training Improves Eccentric Phase Kinetics Jumping. J Strength Cond Res 29 (8): 2186-2196, 2015. |
| [19] | Komi, P. Stretch-Shortening Cycle: A Powerful Model to Study Normal and Fatigued Muscle. Journal of Biomechanics 33 (10): 1197-1206, 2000. |
| [20] | Kruschke, J. K. Bayesian estimation supersedes the t test. J Exp Psychol Gen, 142: 573-603, 2013. |
| [21] | Li, F, Newton, R, Shi, Y, Sutton, D, Ding, H. Correlation of Eccentric Strength, Reactive Strength, and Leg Stiffness with Running Economy in Well-Trained Distance Runners. J Strength Cond Res 00 (00): 1-9, 2019. |
| [22] | Lloyd, RS, Oliver, JL, Hughes, MG, Williams, CA. The Effects of 4-Weeks of Plyometric Training on Reactive Strength Index and Leg Stiffness in Male Youths. J Strength Cond Res 26 (10): 2812-2819, 2012. |
| [23] | Oliver, JL, Barillas, SR, Lloyd, RS, Moore, I, Pedley, J. External Cueing Influences Drop Jump Performance in Trained Young Soccer Players. J Strength Cond Res 00 (00): 1-7, 2019. |
| [24] | Sanchez-Sixto, A, McMahon, JJ, Floria, P. Verbal instructions affect reactive strength index modificed and time-series waveforms in basketball players. Sports Biomechanics 00: 1-11, 2021. |
| [25] | Santello, M. Review of Motor Control Mechanisms Underlying Impact Absorption From Falls. Gait & Posture 21: 85-94, 2005. |
| [26] | Taylor, K, Chapman, DW, Cronin, JB, Newton, MJ, Gill, N. Fatigue Monitoring in High Performance Sport: A Survey of Current Trends. J. Aust. Strength Cond 20 (1): 12-23, 2012. |
| [27] | Team, R. C. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. 2019. |
| [28] | Wulf, G. Attentional focus and motor learning: a review of 15 years. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 6: 1, 77-104. 2012. |
APA Style
Leland Barker, Scott Bankers, Brooke Farmer, Jake Siedlik, John Harry, et al. (2021). The Influence of Verbal Cues on Drop Jump Landing Strategies in NCAA Division I Soccer Players. American Journal of Sports Science, 9(2), 37-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12
ACS Style
Leland Barker; Scott Bankers; Brooke Farmer; Jake Siedlik; John Harry, et al. The Influence of Verbal Cues on Drop Jump Landing Strategies in NCAA Division I Soccer Players. Am. J. Sports Sci. 2021, 9(2), 37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12
AMA Style
Leland Barker, Scott Bankers, Brooke Farmer, Jake Siedlik, John Harry, et al. The Influence of Verbal Cues on Drop Jump Landing Strategies in NCAA Division I Soccer Players. Am J Sports Sci. 2021;9(2):37-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12,
author = {Leland Barker and Scott Bankers and Brooke Farmer and Jake Siedlik and John Harry and Terry L. Grindstaff},
title = {The Influence of Verbal Cues on Drop Jump Landing Strategies in NCAA Division I Soccer Players},
journal = {American Journal of Sports Science},
volume = {9},
number = {2},
pages = {37-42},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajss.20210902.12},
abstract = {Jump testing to monitor athletic performance and development has become commonplace in the field of strength and conditioning. Verbal cues of jump tests, such as the drop jump, has significant effects on performance metrics and movement strategy. The purpose of this study was to use a force platform analysis to investigate landing depth and global flexion in the lower extremity joints at initial impact between cues to maximize jump height or minimize ground contact time. Another purpose of this study was to repeat previous investigations on the influence of cueing DVJs to maximize height or minimize ground contact time on the Reactive Strength Index (RSI). Thirty-nine Division I soccer players performed one DVJ (DVJHeight) for maximum height and another DVJ (DVJQuick) for quickness. Differences in dependent variables were analyzed by Bayesian paired samples t-tests. RSI was greatest in the DVJQuick condition (Meandiff = 0.36 ± 104 (95% HDI: .232, .492). Ground contact time was shorter with the DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.19 ± 0.028, 95% HDI: -0.224, -0.155). Jump height was less with the DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.033 ± 0.007, 95% HDI: -0.068,.0035). Landing depth decreased during the DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.093 ± 0.018, 95% HDI: -0.118, -0.066). Global flexion in the lower extremities at impact decreased with a DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.057 ± 0.025, 95% HDI: -0.084, -0.031). DVJQuick resulted in a large increase in RSI due to disproportionate decreases in ground contact time (large decrease) compared to jump height (small decrease). The increase in RSI with DVJQuick coincided with a decrease in landing depth, suggesting a stiff landing strategy and increased stretch-shortening cycle intensity.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - The Influence of Verbal Cues on Drop Jump Landing Strategies in NCAA Division I Soccer Players AU - Leland Barker AU - Scott Bankers AU - Brooke Farmer AU - Jake Siedlik AU - John Harry AU - Terry L. Grindstaff Y1 - 2021/05/27 PY - 2021 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12 T2 - American Journal of Sports Science JF - American Journal of Sports Science JO - American Journal of Sports Science SP - 37 EP - 42 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2330-8540 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajss.20210902.12 AB - Jump testing to monitor athletic performance and development has become commonplace in the field of strength and conditioning. Verbal cues of jump tests, such as the drop jump, has significant effects on performance metrics and movement strategy. The purpose of this study was to use a force platform analysis to investigate landing depth and global flexion in the lower extremity joints at initial impact between cues to maximize jump height or minimize ground contact time. Another purpose of this study was to repeat previous investigations on the influence of cueing DVJs to maximize height or minimize ground contact time on the Reactive Strength Index (RSI). Thirty-nine Division I soccer players performed one DVJ (DVJHeight) for maximum height and another DVJ (DVJQuick) for quickness. Differences in dependent variables were analyzed by Bayesian paired samples t-tests. RSI was greatest in the DVJQuick condition (Meandiff = 0.36 ± 104 (95% HDI: .232, .492). Ground contact time was shorter with the DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.19 ± 0.028, 95% HDI: -0.224, -0.155). Jump height was less with the DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.033 ± 0.007, 95% HDI: -0.068,.0035). Landing depth decreased during the DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.093 ± 0.018, 95% HDI: -0.118, -0.066). Global flexion in the lower extremities at impact decreased with a DVJQuick (Meandiff = -0.057 ± 0.025, 95% HDI: -0.084, -0.031). DVJQuick resulted in a large increase in RSI due to disproportionate decreases in ground contact time (large decrease) compared to jump height (small decrease). The increase in RSI with DVJQuick coincided with a decrease in landing depth, suggesting a stiff landing strategy and increased stretch-shortening cycle intensity. VL - 9 IS - 2 ER -
Information
Email: