Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Najah Goblan Algoblan; Nehal Fouad Ismael; Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14

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Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Najah Goblan Algoblan, Nehal Fouad Ismael, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli

Published in American Journal of Information Science and Technology (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 7 May 2021 Accepted: 26 May 2021 Published: 9 June 2021

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Abstract

Biological pollution is a main problem that threatens the environment because of its great risks that negatively affect human health. Such risk is more increased in closed spaces than open ones. Being closed and insufficiently ventilated environment, libraries are highly liable to biological pollution and they may become fertile environments for the causes of pollution. The present study aims at measuring how extent the biological pollution level is in the King Abdulaziz public library in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how suitable and safe it is as a workplace to librarians and reading place for visitors. It also reveals the librarians' awareness and understanding of biological pollution and its risks. The study uses case study approach and the experimental method to achieve the objectives and answer the questions it raised. It concludes that King Abdelaziz Public library suffers from high air pollution and books may form the most concentrated colonies of bacteria. It finally recommends that environmental factors that help the growth and reproduction of microbes in the internal library environment must be under control, library pollution level must be measured periodically, laws and regulations that maintain a healthy environment for librarians should be enacted and regulated and must be Implemented an environmental management system that contributes effectively to eliminate pollution

Published in	American Journal of Information Science and Technology (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14
Page(s)	40-47
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biological Pollution Risks, Biological Pollution, King Abdulaziz Library, Librarian's Occupational Safety, Public Library

References

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[2]	Saeed F. Environmental preservation and health awareness. Cairo: Taibah Foundation for Publishing and Distribution, 2010, p. 34.
[3]	Dalal L, Bhowal M and Kalbende S. Incidence of deteriorating fungi in the air inside the college libraries of Wardha city. Archives of Applied Science Research 2011; 5: 479-485.
[4]	Hayleeyesus SF and Manaye AM. Microbiological Quality of Indoor Air in University Libraries. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2014; 4: 312–317.
[5]	Huixing Li, Chengcheng T, Yibo Z, et al. Measurement and evaluation to the library reading room pollutants. Procedia Engineering 2015; 121: 1836–1843.
[6]	Balocco C, Petrone G, Maggi O, et al. Indoor microclimatic study for Cultural Heritage protection and preventive conservation in the Palatina Library. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2016; 22: 956-967.
[7]	Cincinelli A, Martellini T, Amore A, et al. Measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in libraries and archives in Florence (Italy). Science of the Total Environment 2016; 572: 333–339.
[8]	HuiXing L, YuHua Q and GuoHui F. The analysis of PM2.5 Outdoor Fine Particulate Matter Impact on Air Quality in the University Libraries Reading Room in Winter of North China in Procedia Engineering 2017; 205: 3346–3352.
[9]	Jung RH, Kim M, Bhatt B, et al. Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria from Public Libraries via Proteomics Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019; 16: 912.
[10]	Jasim A. Readings in Biological and Genetic Contamination Beatona Journal 2009; 120: 48-49.
[11]	Kayarkar A and Bhajbhuje M. Biodiversity of Aeromycoflora from Indoor Environment of Library. International Journal of Life Sciences 2014; 2: 21-24.
[12]	Abdul Karim M. The Role of the Environmental Management System in Achieving the Competitive Advantage of an Economic Enterprise: A Case Study on the Cement Factory SCAEK. MA thesis, University Ferhat Abbas Setif, Algeria, 2012.
[13]	Othman H. The role of Environmental Management in Improving Environment performance of Economy Institution in: International Scientific Conference on Sustainable Development and Efficiency of Using Available Resources, 7-8April, p 523. Algeria: University of Setif.
[14]	World Health Organization. WHO guidelines for indoor air quality: dampness and mould. Denmark: WHO, 2009.
[15]	Commission of the European Communities. Indoor air quality and its impact on man. Report for Biological particles in indoor environments. Report no. 12, 1993. Luxembourg: CEC.
[16]	Hempel M, Rakhra V, Rothwell A, et al. Bacterial and fungal contamination in the library setting: a growing concern? Environmental Health Review 2014; 57: 9-15.‏

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Najah Goblan Algoblan, Nehal Fouad Ismael, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli. (2021). Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Information Science and Technology, 5(2), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14

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ACS Style

Najah Goblan Algoblan; Nehal Fouad Ismael; Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli. Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Am. J. Inf. Sci. Technol. 2021, 5(2), 40-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14

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AMA Style

Najah Goblan Algoblan, Nehal Fouad Ismael, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli. Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Am J Inf Sci Technol. 2021;5(2):40-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14,
  author = {Najah Goblan Algoblan and Nehal Fouad Ismael and Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli},
  title = {Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia},
  journal = {American Journal of Information Science and Technology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {40-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajist.20210502.14},
  abstract = {Biological pollution is a main problem that threatens the environment because of its great risks that negatively affect human health. Such risk is more increased in closed spaces than open ones. Being closed and insufficiently ventilated environment, libraries are highly liable to biological pollution and they may become fertile environments for the causes of pollution. The present study aims at measuring how extent the biological pollution level is in the King Abdulaziz public library in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how suitable and safe it is as a workplace to librarians and reading place for visitors. It also reveals the librarians' awareness and understanding of biological pollution and its risks. The study uses case study approach and the experimental method to achieve the objectives and answer the questions it raised. It concludes that King Abdelaziz Public library suffers from high air pollution and books may form the most concentrated colonies of bacteria. It finally recommends that environmental factors that help the growth and reproduction of microbes in the internal library environment must be under control, library pollution level must be measured periodically, laws and regulations that maintain a healthy environment for librarians should be enacted and regulated and must be Implemented an environmental management system that contributes effectively to eliminate pollution},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AU  - Najah Goblan Algoblan
AU  - Nehal Fouad Ismael
AU  - Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
Y1  - 2021/06/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14
T2  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
SP  - 40
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0588
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14
AB  - Biological pollution is a main problem that threatens the environment because of its great risks that negatively affect human health. Such risk is more increased in closed spaces than open ones. Being closed and insufficiently ventilated environment, libraries are highly liable to biological pollution and they may become fertile environments for the causes of pollution. The present study aims at measuring how extent the biological pollution level is in the King Abdulaziz public library in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how suitable and safe it is as a workplace to librarians and reading place for visitors. It also reveals the librarians' awareness and understanding of biological pollution and its risks. The study uses case study approach and the experimental method to achieve the objectives and answer the questions it raised. It concludes that King Abdelaziz Public library suffers from high air pollution and books may form the most concentrated colonies of bacteria. It finally recommends that environmental factors that help the growth and reproduction of microbes in the internal library environment must be under control, library pollution level must be measured periodically, laws and regulations that maintain a healthy environment for librarians should be enacted and regulated and must be Implemented an environmental management system that contributes effectively to eliminate pollution
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Najah Goblan Algoblan

Department of Library and Information?, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Nehal Fouad Ismael

Department of Library and Information, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli

Department of Science and Mathematics, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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APA Style

Najah Goblan Algoblan, Nehal Fouad Ismael, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli. (2021). Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Information Science and Technology, 5(2), 40-47. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14

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ACS Style

Najah Goblan Algoblan; Nehal Fouad Ismael; Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli. Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Am. J. Inf. Sci. Technol. 2021, 5(2), 40-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14

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AMA Style

Najah Goblan Algoblan, Nehal Fouad Ismael, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli. Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Am J Inf Sci Technol. 2021;5(2):40-47. doi: 10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14,
  author = {Najah Goblan Algoblan and Nehal Fouad Ismael and Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli},
  title = {Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia},
  journal = {American Journal of Information Science and Technology},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {40-47},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajist.20210502.14},
  abstract = {Biological pollution is a main problem that threatens the environment because of its great risks that negatively affect human health. Such risk is more increased in closed spaces than open ones. Being closed and insufficiently ventilated environment, libraries are highly liable to biological pollution and they may become fertile environments for the causes of pollution. The present study aims at measuring how extent the biological pollution level is in the King Abdulaziz public library in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how suitable and safe it is as a workplace to librarians and reading place for visitors. It also reveals the librarians' awareness and understanding of biological pollution and its risks. The study uses case study approach and the experimental method to achieve the objectives and answer the questions it raised. It concludes that King Abdelaziz Public library suffers from high air pollution and books may form the most concentrated colonies of bacteria. It finally recommends that environmental factors that help the growth and reproduction of microbes in the internal library environment must be under control, library pollution level must be measured periodically, laws and regulations that maintain a healthy environment for librarians should be enacted and regulated and must be Implemented an environmental management system that contributes effectively to eliminate pollution},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Biological Pollution in Libraries: A Case Study of the King Abdulaziz Public Libray, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
AU  - Najah Goblan Algoblan
AU  - Nehal Fouad Ismael
AU  - Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli
Y1  - 2021/06/09
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14
T2  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JF  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
JO  - American Journal of Information Science and Technology
SP  - 40
EP  - 47
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2640-0588
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajist.20210502.14
AB  - Biological pollution is a main problem that threatens the environment because of its great risks that negatively affect human health. Such risk is more increased in closed spaces than open ones. Being closed and insufficiently ventilated environment, libraries are highly liable to biological pollution and they may become fertile environments for the causes of pollution. The present study aims at measuring how extent the biological pollution level is in the King Abdulaziz public library in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how suitable and safe it is as a workplace to librarians and reading place for visitors. It also reveals the librarians' awareness and understanding of biological pollution and its risks. The study uses case study approach and the experimental method to achieve the objectives and answer the questions it raised. It concludes that King Abdelaziz Public library suffers from high air pollution and books may form the most concentrated colonies of bacteria. It finally recommends that environmental factors that help the growth and reproduction of microbes in the internal library environment must be under control, library pollution level must be measured periodically, laws and regulations that maintain a healthy environment for librarians should be enacted and regulated and must be Implemented an environmental management system that contributes effectively to eliminate pollution
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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