The economic explosion accompanied by poorly controlled demographic growth that the city of Grand-Bassam has experienced over the past decade is threatening the preservation of the Ouladine Lagoon due to the direct discharge of large volumes of wastewater. This study aims to evaluate the level of organic pollution in the waters of the Ouladine lagoon. Eight stations spread over the entire lagoon were studied. This study is based on the exploitation of data from the water sampling campaigns carried out. The data were processed using the Organic Pollution Index (OPI) to determine the organic pollution of the water. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the data to highlight the phenomena causing water pollution. The results obtained show that the lagoon waters have a high degree of organic pollution overall. This high organic pollution of the lagoon waters is mainly related to the BOD5 load and phosphate ions. The potential causes and threats of pollution in the lagoon are multiple and are closely related to intense human activity. They mainly come from domestic and agricultural wastewater discharges. This assessment highlighted the risk that untreated discharges pose to this aquatic ecosystem and the negative impact on the promotion of ecotourism in the area.
| Published in | American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 11, Issue 4) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajep.20221104.13 |
| Page(s) | 103-109 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Organic Pollution, Wastewater, Physicochemistry, Ouladine Lagoon, Ivory Coast
| [1] | Jeddi F., El Harfi A., & Aboussaloua E. H. (2017). Characterization of physicochemical parameters of the pollution of wading Beht waters in the Gharb-Morocco region. App. J. Envir. Eng. Sci., 3 (2), 201-208. |
| [2] | Vowotor M. K., Edziah R., Sackey S. S., Amewode E. K., & Frempong S. B. (2021). Assessment of Arsenic and Copper Pollution of the Benya Lagoon, Ghana By Neutron Activation Analysis. Journal of Engineering Advancements, 02 (04), 189-196. https://doi.org/10.38032/jea.2021.04.004. |
| [3] | Bocodaho O. B. M. L., Chouti W. K., Dedjiho C. A., & Mama D. (2020). Evaluation de l’état trophique des eaux du complexe lagunaire côtier du Sud-Ouest Bénin en période de hautes eaux (de Togbin à l’Embouchure Mono). Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 14 (7), 2618-2628. http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs. |
| [4] | Aknaf, A., Akodad, M., Layachi, M., El Madani, F., Jaddar, A., Mesfioui A., & Baghou, M. (2017). Study of the spatial and temporal variation of physical-chemical parameters characterizing the quality of surface waters of the lagoon Marchica – North-East Morocco. Journal of Materials and Environmental Sciences, 8 (9), 3216-3225. http://www.jmaterenvironsci.com |
| [5] | Mohammed M. M. M., EL Madani F., Hameed S. A. Y., EL Hachemi O., Souad A., & Abdelhafid C. (2016). Evaluation physico-chimique de la qualité de l’eau de la lagune de Nador - Nord du Maroc oriental – après l’ouverture de la nouvelle passe. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 7 (12), 4795-5809. |
| [6] | Luana P., Rogério P. M., Carlos F. F. A., Diego A. V. D., Dairo A. B. B., & Javier A-C. (2020). Assessment of Heavy Metals Pollution (Hg, Cr, Cd, Ni) in the Sediments of Mallorquin Lagoon - Barranquilla, Colombia Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue, 95: 158-162. DOI: 10.2112/SI95-031.1. |
| [7] | Varlet F. (1978). Le régime de la lagune Ebrié (Côte d’Ivoire). Paris. Trav. Doc. ORSTOM, 83p. |
| [8] | Hauhouot C. (2002). Les problèmes de l’aménagement de l’estuaire du fleuve Comoé à Grand-Bassam. Les Cahiers d’Outre-Mer n°219. |
| [9] | AFNOR (Association Française de Normalisation). (1996). "Analyses microbiologiques Tome 1: contrôle de la qualité des produits alimentaires". Recueil de normes françaises, Paris, France, 521 p. |
| [10] | Leclercq L., Maquet B. (1987). Deux nouveaux indices chimique et diatomique de qualité d'eau courante, application au Samson et à ses affluents (Bassin de la Meuse belge). Institut royale sciences de la nature belge, 80p. |
| [11] | Akatumbila L., Mabiala M, Lubini A., Pwema K., Musibono E. A. (2016). Contribution à l’évaluation de la qualité physico-chimique de l’eau: cas de la rivière urbaine Gombe de Kinshasa/République Démocratique du Congo. Larhyss Journal, 13 (2), 7-29. |
| [12] | Eblin S. G., Yao A. B., Anoh K. A., & Konan K. S. (2022). Evaluation de la qualité physico-chimique des eaux de la retenue de la Lobo (Centre-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire). International Journal of Innovation and Scientific Research. 58 (2), 143-153. |
| [13] | Journal officiel de la République Française (2017). Arrêté du 11 janvier 2007 relatif aux limites et références de qualité des eaux brutes et des eaux destinées à la consommation humaine modifié par l’arrêté du 4 août 2017. |
| [14] | Rachna B., & Disha J. (2016). Water quality assessment of lake water: a review. Sustain. Water Resour. Manag. 2, 161–173. DOI: 10.1007/s40899-015-0014-7. |
| [15] | Chairi R. (2005). Géochimie organique des eaux de surface de la zone septentrionale de la Sebkha de Moknine, Tunisie orientale. Larhyss Journal, 5 (1), 17-30. |
| [16] | Julien G. A., Azon N. B. N., Hermione D. W., Hounkpe P., & Amoussou R. (2021). Assessment of the Temporal and Spatial Variation of the Mercury Content of Lake Nokoue in Southern Benin Republic (West Africa). The Scientific World Journal, Article ID 5412785, 9 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5412785. |
| [17] | Merhabi F., Amine H., & Halwani J. (2019). Evaluation de la qualité des eaux de surface de la rivière Kadicha. Journal Scientifique Libanais. 20 (1), 10-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22453/LSJ-020.1.010-034. |
| [18] | Çadraku H., Gashi F., Shala A., & Fetoshi O. (2016). “Variations in the physico-chemical parameters of under groundwater of blinaja catchment, Kosovo,” IFAC-Papers Online, 49 (29), 200–205. DOI: 10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.11.102. |
| [19] | Merghem K. A., El Halouani H., Alnedhary A. A., Dssouli K., El khadir G., Alansi R. Q., & Fuad al-N. (2016). Etude de l’impact des rejets d’eaux usées brutes et épurées sur la qualité de l’Oued Bani Houat (Bassin de Sanaa): Etude spatio-temporelle. J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 7 (5), 1516-1530. |
| [20] | Zemed M., Beshah M., & Daniel R. (2021). Evaluation of water quality and eutrophication status of Hawassa Lake based on different water quality indices. Applied Water Science 11: 61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-021-01385-6. |
| [21] | Dakouri G. D. F. (2021). Study of the water quality of the Yopougon’s lagoon bay (Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire). International Journal of Science Academic Research, 02 (05), 1521-1527. |
| [22] | Ayah, M., Grybos, M., Tampo, L., Bawa, L. M., Bril, H., & Djaneye-Boundjou, G. (2015). Qualité et pollution des eaux d’un hydrosystème littoral tropical: cas du système lagunaire de Lomé, Togo. European Scientific Journal, 11 (15), 95-119. |
| [23] | Boughou N., Majdy I., Cherkaoui E., Khamar M., & Nounah A. (2018). "Physico-chemical characterization of wastewater from slaughterhouse: the case of rabat in morocco". ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological Science. 13 (2), 19-24. www.arpnjournals.com. |
| [24] | Zinsou H. L., Attingli A. H., Gnohossou P., Adandedjan D., & Laleye P. (2016). Caractéristiques physico-chimiques et pollution de l’eau du delta de l’Oueme au Benin. Journal of Applied Biosciences 97, 9163-9173. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jab.v97i1.3. |
| [25] | Khalaf G., Slim K., Saad Z., & Nakhlé K. (2007). Evaluation de la qualité biologique des eaux du Nahr el Jaouz (Liban): application des méthodes indicielles. Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Lyon, 76 (9–10), 255-268. |
| [26] | Buhungu S., Montchowui E., Barankanira E., Sibomana C., Ntakimazi G. & Bonou C. A. (2018). Caractérisation spatio-temporelle de la qualité de l’eau de la rivière Kinyankonge, affluent du Lac Tanganyika, Burundi. Int. J. Biol. Chem. Sci. 12 (1): 576-595. http://ajol.info/index.php/ijbcs. |
| [27] | Tchobanoglous H., Burton F. L., Stensel H. D. (2003). Wastewater Engineering: Treatment and Reuse. International edition ISBNO-07-112250-8, 54-1078. |
| [28] | Zirirane D. N., Mwanjalolo G. J., Majaliwa J. B., Mujigwa B., Karume K., et Bagalwa J. J. M. (2014). Effet des flux d’eau sur la capacité de rétention des maraisCiranga et Kabamba, Lac Kivu, République Démocratique du Congo. Afrique SCIENCE 10 (4), 169-179. |
| [29] | Nahli A., Hebabaze S., Belmatrik S., & Chlaida M. (2015). Diagnostic préliminaire de la qualité physicochimique des eaux de l’oued Hassar après installation de la station d’épuration de Médionna. IJIAS, 13 (4), 965-978. |
| [30] | Opadokun I. O., Falaye A. E., & Ajani E. K. (2015). Seasonal Variation in Physicochemical Parameters of Lekki Lagoon and the Conservation of Its Ecosystem. Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection, 3, 11-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/gep.2015.39002. |
| [31] | Bhateria R., & Jain D. (2016). Water quality assessment of lake water: a review. Sustain Water Resour Manag 2: 161–173. DOI: 10.1007/s40899-015-0014-7. |
| [32] | Smita D., Ajay D., & Kumar M. S. (2018). Use of water quality index and multivariate statistical techniques for the assessment of spatial variations in water quality of a small river. Environ Monit Assess 190: 718. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-7100-x. |
| [33] | Semaria M. L., Jens T., & Mihret D. (2021). Assessing the Water Quality of Lake Hawassa Ethiopia—Trophic State and Suitability for Anthropogenic Uses—Applying Common Water Quality Indices. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 18, 8904. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18178904. |
| [34] | Jamila H., Mouldi B., & Moncef G. (2016). Assessment of the Water Quality of Bizerte Lagoon of Tunisia by Use of Statistical Analyses. Hydrology Current Research, 7: 2. DOI: 10.4172/2157-7587.1000237. |
APA Style
Keiba Noel Keumean, Koffi Blaise Yao, Kouassi Ernest Ahoussi, Bi Tape Armel Gonehi. (2022). Impact of Urban Waste on the Water Quality of the Ouladine Lagoon (Grand-Bassam, South-East of the Ivory Coast). American Journal of Environmental Protection, 11(4), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20221104.13
ACS Style
Keiba Noel Keumean; Koffi Blaise Yao; Kouassi Ernest Ahoussi; Bi Tape Armel Gonehi. Impact of Urban Waste on the Water Quality of the Ouladine Lagoon (Grand-Bassam, South-East of the Ivory Coast). Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2022, 11(4), 103-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20221104.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20221104.13,
author = {Keiba Noel Keumean and Koffi Blaise Yao and Kouassi Ernest Ahoussi and Bi Tape Armel Gonehi},
title = {Impact of Urban Waste on the Water Quality of the Ouladine Lagoon (Grand-Bassam, South-East of the Ivory Coast)},
journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
volume = {11},
number = {4},
pages = {103-109},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20221104.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20221104.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20221104.13},
abstract = {The economic explosion accompanied by poorly controlled demographic growth that the city of Grand-Bassam has experienced over the past decade is threatening the preservation of the Ouladine Lagoon due to the direct discharge of large volumes of wastewater. This study aims to evaluate the level of organic pollution in the waters of the Ouladine lagoon. Eight stations spread over the entire lagoon were studied. This study is based on the exploitation of data from the water sampling campaigns carried out. The data were processed using the Organic Pollution Index (OPI) to determine the organic pollution of the water. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the data to highlight the phenomena causing water pollution. The results obtained show that the lagoon waters have a high degree of organic pollution overall. This high organic pollution of the lagoon waters is mainly related to the BOD5 load and phosphate ions. The potential causes and threats of pollution in the lagoon are multiple and are closely related to intense human activity. They mainly come from domestic and agricultural wastewater discharges. This assessment highlighted the risk that untreated discharges pose to this aquatic ecosystem and the negative impact on the promotion of ecotourism in the area.},
year = {2022}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Impact of Urban Waste on the Water Quality of the Ouladine Lagoon (Grand-Bassam, South-East of the Ivory Coast) AU - Keiba Noel Keumean AU - Koffi Blaise Yao AU - Kouassi Ernest Ahoussi AU - Bi Tape Armel Gonehi Y1 - 2022/08/17 PY - 2022 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20221104.13 DO - 10.11648/j.ajep.20221104.13 T2 - American Journal of Environmental Protection JF - American Journal of Environmental Protection JO - American Journal of Environmental Protection SP - 103 EP - 109 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2328-5699 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20221104.13 AB - The economic explosion accompanied by poorly controlled demographic growth that the city of Grand-Bassam has experienced over the past decade is threatening the preservation of the Ouladine Lagoon due to the direct discharge of large volumes of wastewater. This study aims to evaluate the level of organic pollution in the waters of the Ouladine lagoon. Eight stations spread over the entire lagoon were studied. This study is based on the exploitation of data from the water sampling campaigns carried out. The data were processed using the Organic Pollution Index (OPI) to determine the organic pollution of the water. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the data to highlight the phenomena causing water pollution. The results obtained show that the lagoon waters have a high degree of organic pollution overall. This high organic pollution of the lagoon waters is mainly related to the BOD5 load and phosphate ions. The potential causes and threats of pollution in the lagoon are multiple and are closely related to intense human activity. They mainly come from domestic and agricultural wastewater discharges. This assessment highlighted the risk that untreated discharges pose to this aquatic ecosystem and the negative impact on the promotion of ecotourism in the area. VL - 11 IS - 4 ER -
Information
Email: