Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public

Rabi Rabi; Lhoucine Oufni; El-Houcine Youssoufi; Khamiss Cheikh; Hamza Badry; Youssef Errami

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12

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Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public

Rabi Rabi, Lhoucine Oufni, El-Houcine Youssoufi, Khamiss Cheikh, Hamza Badry, Youssef Errami

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 10, Issue 1)

Received: 23 February 2021 Accepted: 8 March 2021 Published: 12 March 2021

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Abstract

Radon and its descendants are the main causes of lung cancer in non-smokers. Therefore, the study of the behavior of radon and its descendants in indoor air is of the highest importance, in ordre to limit the risk of radiation dose due to inhalation of indoor air by members of the public. This article focuses to study the effect of meteorological parameters on the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants inside a traditional Hammam by using CFD simulation. The results of modeling are qualitative and show that the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants decrease when the ventilation rate increases, as well as, as the temperature increases; however, it increases with the increase relative humidity. Moreover, the committed equivalent doses due to ²¹⁸Po and ²¹⁴Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of the members of the public from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam. The influence of the activity of ²¹⁸Po and ²¹⁴Po and mass of the tissue on the committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure was investigated. The annual effective dose due to radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam by the members of the public was investigated.

Published in	American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 10, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12
Page(s)	12-21
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Radon, Traditional Hammam, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Annual Equivalent Doses

References

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[2]	Visnuprasad, A. K., Reby, R. K. E., Jojo, P. J., Sahoo, B. K. (2019) Comparison of results from indoor radon measurements using active and passive methods with those from mathematical modeling. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 58: 345–352.
[3]	García-Tobar, J. (2020) Study of Radon Propagation in A Dwelling Using the CFD Modelling Capabilities of CONTAM, To Physics Journal 5: 2581-7396.
[4]	Rabi, R., Oufni, L. (2017) A theoretical investigation of the distribution of indoor radon concentrations. Indian J. Phys. 91: 471–479.
[5]	Lima Flores, A., Palomino-Merino, R., Castaño, V. M., Espinosa, G. (2020) Analysis of Indoor Radon Distribution Within a Room By Means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation. J. Nucl. Phys. Mat. Sci. Rad. A. 7: 89–95.
[6]	Wang, X., Feng, G., Liu, Q., Wu, B., Hu, Y. (2020) CFD based simulation of indoor radon distribution from the use of different brands of decorative glazed tiles made in China. Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids.
[7]	Rabi, R., Oufni, L. (2017) Study of radon dispersion in typical dwelling using CFD modeling combined with passive-active measurements. Radiat. Phys. Chem. 139: 40–48.
[8]	Agarwal, T. K., Joshi, M., Sahoo, B. K., Kanse, S. D., Sapra B. K. (2016) Effect of ²²⁰Rn gas concentration distribution on its transmission from a delay chamber: evolving a CFD-based uniformity index. Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry 168: 546–552.
[9]	Agarwal, T. K., Sahoo, B. K., Gaware, J. J., Joshi, M., Sapra, B. K. (2014) CFD based simulation of thoron (²²⁰Rn) concentration in a delay chamber for mitigation application. J. Environ. Radio. 136: 16–21.
[10]	Rabi, R., Oufni, L., Amrane, M. (2017) Modeling of indoor ²²²Rn distribution in ventilated room and resulting radiation doses measured in the respiratory tract. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences 10: 273-282.
[11]	Lide, D. (2004) CRC Handbook of chemistery and physics. Florida: CRC press.
[12]	International Commission on Radiological Protection, Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on the System of Radiological Protection (2016) Annals of the ICRP 45: 1S.
[13]	Singh, K., Singh, M., Singh, S., Sahota, H. S., Papp, Z. (2005) Variation of radon (²²²Rn) progeny concentrations in outdoor air as a function of time, temperature and relative humidity. J. Environ. Radioact. 39: 213–217.
[14]	Singh, M., Singh, K., Singh, S., Papp, Z. (2008) Variation of indoor radon progeny concentration and its role in dose assessment. J. Environ. Radioact. 99: 539–545.

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APA Style

Rabi Rabi, Lhoucine Oufni, El-Houcine Youssoufi, Khamiss Cheikh, Hamza Badry, et al. (2021). Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 10(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12

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ACS Style

Rabi Rabi; Lhoucine Oufni; El-Houcine Youssoufi; Khamiss Cheikh; Hamza Badry, et al. Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2021, 10(1), 12-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12

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AMA Style

Rabi Rabi, Lhoucine Oufni, El-Houcine Youssoufi, Khamiss Cheikh, Hamza Badry, et al. Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public. Am J Environ Prot. 2021;10(1):12-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12,
  author = {Rabi Rabi and Lhoucine Oufni and El-Houcine Youssoufi and Khamiss Cheikh and Hamza Badry and Youssef Errami},
  title = {Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20211001.12},
  abstract = {Radon and its descendants are the main causes of lung cancer in non-smokers. Therefore, the study of the behavior of radon and its descendants in indoor air is of the highest importance, in ordre to limit the risk of radiation dose due to inhalation of indoor air by members of the public. This article focuses to study the effect of meteorological parameters on the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants inside a traditional Hammam by using CFD simulation. The results of modeling are qualitative and show that the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants decrease when the ventilation rate increases, as well as, as the temperature increases; however, it increases with the increase relative humidity. Moreover, the committed equivalent doses due to 218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of the members of the public from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam. The influence of the activity of 218Po and 214Po and mass of the tissue on the committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure was investigated. The annual effective dose due to radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam by the members of the public was investigated.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public
AU  - Rabi Rabi
AU  - Lhoucine Oufni
AU  - El-Houcine Youssoufi
AU  - Khamiss Cheikh
AU  - Hamza Badry
AU  - Youssef Errami
Y1  - 2021/03/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 12
EP  - 21
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12
AB  - Radon and its descendants are the main causes of lung cancer in non-smokers. Therefore, the study of the behavior of radon and its descendants in indoor air is of the highest importance, in ordre to limit the risk of radiation dose due to inhalation of indoor air by members of the public. This article focuses to study the effect of meteorological parameters on the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants inside a traditional Hammam by using CFD simulation. The results of modeling are qualitative and show that the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants decrease when the ventilation rate increases, as well as, as the temperature increases; however, it increases with the increase relative humidity. Moreover, the committed equivalent doses due to 218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of the members of the public from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam. The influence of the activity of 218Po and 214Po and mass of the tissue on the committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure was investigated. The annual effective dose due to radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam by the members of the public was investigated.
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Rabi Rabi

Department of Physics (LPM), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
Lhoucine Oufni

Department of Physics (LPM), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
El-Houcine Youssoufi

Department of Physics (LPM), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
Khamiss Cheikh

Department of Physics (LEIE), Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
Hamza Badry

Department of Physics (LPM), Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sultan Moulay Sliman University, Beni-Mellal, Morocco
Youssef Errami

Department of Physics (LEIE), Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco

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APA Style

Rabi Rabi, Lhoucine Oufni, El-Houcine Youssoufi, Khamiss Cheikh, Hamza Badry, et al. (2021). Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 10(1), 12-21. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12

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ACS Style

Rabi Rabi; Lhoucine Oufni; El-Houcine Youssoufi; Khamiss Cheikh; Hamza Badry, et al. Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2021, 10(1), 12-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12

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AMA Style

Rabi Rabi, Lhoucine Oufni, El-Houcine Youssoufi, Khamiss Cheikh, Hamza Badry, et al. Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public. Am J Environ Prot. 2021;10(1):12-21. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12

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@article{10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12,
  author = {Rabi Rabi and Lhoucine Oufni and El-Houcine Youssoufi and Khamiss Cheikh and Hamza Badry and Youssef Errami},
  title = {Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public},
  journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
  volume = {10},
  number = {1},
  pages = {12-21},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20211001.12},
  abstract = {Radon and its descendants are the main causes of lung cancer in non-smokers. Therefore, the study of the behavior of radon and its descendants in indoor air is of the highest importance, in ordre to limit the risk of radiation dose due to inhalation of indoor air by members of the public. This article focuses to study the effect of meteorological parameters on the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants inside a traditional Hammam by using CFD simulation. The results of modeling are qualitative and show that the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants decrease when the ventilation rate increases, as well as, as the temperature increases; however, it increases with the increase relative humidity. Moreover, the committed equivalent doses due to 218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of the members of the public from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam. The influence of the activity of 218Po and 214Po and mass of the tissue on the committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure was investigated. The annual effective dose due to radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam by the members of the public was investigated.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Modeling of the Distribution of Radon and Its Decay in a Traditional Hammam: Dose to Adult Members of the Public
AU  - Rabi Rabi
AU  - Lhoucine Oufni
AU  - El-Houcine Youssoufi
AU  - Khamiss Cheikh
AU  - Hamza Badry
AU  - Youssef Errami
Y1  - 2021/03/12
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12
T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
SP  - 12
EP  - 21
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5699
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20211001.12
AB  - Radon and its descendants are the main causes of lung cancer in non-smokers. Therefore, the study of the behavior of radon and its descendants in indoor air is of the highest importance, in ordre to limit the risk of radiation dose due to inhalation of indoor air by members of the public. This article focuses to study the effect of meteorological parameters on the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants inside a traditional Hammam by using CFD simulation. The results of modeling are qualitative and show that the concentration and distribution of radon and its descendants decrease when the ventilation rate increases, as well as, as the temperature increases; however, it increases with the increase relative humidity. Moreover, the committed equivalent doses due to 218Po and 214Po radon short-lived progeny were evaluated in different tissues of the respiratory tract of the members of the public from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam. The influence of the activity of 218Po and 214Po and mass of the tissue on the committed equivalent doses per hour of exposure was investigated. The annual effective dose due to radon short-lived progeny from the inhalation of air inside the traditional Hammam by the members of the public was investigated.
VL  - 10
IS  - 1
ER  -

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