Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway

Kebede Haile Folla; Gutema Wakjira Gemeda; Garuma Negasa Takuma

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13

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Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway

Kebede Haile Folla, Gutema Wakjira Gemeda, Garuma Negasa Takuma

Published in American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 4)

Received: 15 July 2022 Accepted: 9 August 2022 Published: 29 August 2022

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Abstract

The structural behavior of pavements can be affected by seasonal variation in environmental factors such as temperature and moisture content. In Ethiopia the design, construction and maintenance process of roads mostly give attention to structural thickness of pavement layers, on which the designers and authoring focus on expected future traffic. However, it is critical to admit in practical the variation of pavement material properties due to seasonal environmental changes, especially the temperature and moisture. This study focused on assessment of the impacts of environmental factors (temperature and moisture) on performance of flexible pavement in generally and particularly on Tarcha-Omo River highway, hence doing this study, the objectives were: to investigate the impact of temperature on the performance of selected highway, analyze the impact of moisture on the performance of pavement through laboratory based investigation and to examine the efficiency of the drainage system in removing excess water from the pavement structure of selected highway by collecting all primary data from the project site and secondary from, standard specification, Ethiopian roads authority, Omo River-Tarcha road upgrading project. An assessment was done by using both field observation and laboratory tests to characterize materials toward the factors. The field observation was made to investigate the condition of drainage system in removing water from pavement and surrounding. The sample of base course, sub base and sub grade were collected from three different sampling stations and laboratory tests were conducted and finally compared with standards to check the moisture sensitivity of materials. NMC, Compaction, Particle size distribution, CBR and Atterberg’s Limit were tests conducted.. The assessment showed that temperature and moisture has considerable impact on performance of flexible pavement and the pavement failed due to moisture variation on pavement base, sub base and subgrade, due to, inadequate drainage facility, lack of effective protection work and excessive water in the sub grade in first section and temperature in second section of study. Therefore Standard of construction and design should be improved. More research should be carried out on the engineering geo-techniques of study road.

Published in	American Journal of Civil Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13
Page(s)	162-174
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Environmental Effect, Flexible Pavement, Moisture Variation, Temperature

References

[1]	AASHO 1993. AASHTO -93-Guide for Design of pavement structures part II, Washington DC.
[2]	AASHTO, 2009, Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (MEPDG), Washington, DC, USA,, National Cooperative Highway Research Program.
[3]	EL-MAATY, A. E. A. 2017b. Temperature Change Implications for Flexible Pavement Performance and Life International Journal of Transportation Engineering and Technology, 3, pp. 1-1.
[4]	ERA 2013. Pavement design manual volume i flexible pavements the federal democratic republic of ethiopia ethiopian roads authority,v-1,addis ababa, ethiopia.
[5]	FOUAD, B. & HASSAN, A. S. 2004. Monitoring and Modeling Subgrade Soil Moisture for Pavement Design and Rehabilitation in Idaho Phase III: Data Collection and Analysis In: center for transportation infrastructure, c. (ed.) National Institute for Advanced Transportation Technology, NIATT. Idaho Transportation Department, Boise, Idaho: University of Idaho.
[6]	Getachew Kebede & Tamene Adugna 2015. Assessment of the Effect of Urban Road Surface Drainage: A Case Study at Ginjo Guduru Kebele of Jimma Town. International Journal of Science, Technology and Society, 3, 167-173.
[7]	Golchin, B., Hamzah, M. O. & Valentin, J. 2021. Effects of Combined Environmental Factors on Stiffness and Rutting Properties of Warm Mix Asphalt. International Journal of Transportation Engineering.
[8]	Ksaibati,. 2011 the effect of environmental factors on the implementation of the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (mepdg). University of Wyoming.
[9]	Lulu, B. 2017. Evaluating and predicting flexible pavement performance civil and environmental research 9, 58-65.
[10]	MUKABI, et all, 2003. Impact of Environmental Factors on the Performance of Highway Pavement Structures. International Civil Engineering Conference on Sustainable Development in the 21st Century, 2003.
[11]	QIANG LI, et all, 2011. Mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide (MEPDG): a bird’s-eye view. Journal of Modern Transportation, 19, 114-133.
[12]	QIAO, et all, 2013. Examining effects of climatic factors on flexible pavement performance and service life. Transportation research record, 2349, 100-107.
[13]	ROKADE, S, et all, 2012. Drainage and flexible pavement performance. International journal of Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST), 4, 1308-1311.
[14]	SALOUR, F. 2015. Moisture Influence on Structural Behavior of Pavements. Doctoral Thesis, Stockholm.
[15]	TAHA, et all. 2013. Study of the Effect of Temperature Changes on the Elastic Modulus of Flexible Pavement Layers Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 5, 1661-1667.
[16]	TORYILA, et al, 2016. The effect of poor drainage system on Road Pavement. International journal for Innovative Research in Multidisciplinary Field, 2, 216-223.
[17]	WAYESSA, S. G. & ABUYE, D. G. 2019. The Major Causes of Flexible Pavement Deterioration and Propose Its Remedial Measures: A Case Study Bako to Gedo Road, Oromia Region, Ethiopia. American Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 4, 10-24.
[18]	YANING QIAO, et all, 2020. Flexible Pavements and Climate Change: A Comprehensive Review and Implications. Sustainability 2-21.
[19]	ZUO. GANG 2003. Impacts of environmental factors on flexible pavement structures, university of Tennesse.

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Kebede Haile Folla, Gutema Wakjira Gemeda, Garuma Negasa Takuma. (2022). Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 10(4), 162-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13

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ACS Style

Kebede Haile Folla; Gutema Wakjira Gemeda; Garuma Negasa Takuma. Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 162-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13

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AMA Style

Kebede Haile Folla, Gutema Wakjira Gemeda, Garuma Negasa Takuma. Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway. Am J Civ Eng. 2022;10(4):162-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13,
  author = {Kebede Haile Folla and Gutema Wakjira Gemeda and Garuma Negasa Takuma},
  title = {Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {162-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20221004.13},
  abstract = {The structural behavior of pavements can be affected by seasonal variation in environmental factors such as temperature and moisture content. In Ethiopia the design, construction and maintenance process of roads mostly give attention to structural thickness of pavement layers, on which the designers and authoring focus on expected future traffic. However, it is critical to admit in practical the variation of pavement material properties due to seasonal environmental changes, especially the temperature and moisture. This study focused on assessment of the impacts of environmental factors (temperature and moisture) on performance of flexible pavement in generally and particularly on Tarcha-Omo River highway, hence doing this study, the objectives were: to investigate the impact of temperature on the performance of selected highway, analyze the impact of moisture on the performance of pavement through laboratory based investigation and to examine the efficiency of the drainage system in removing excess water from the pavement structure of selected highway by collecting all primary data from the project site and secondary from, standard specification, Ethiopian roads authority, Omo River-Tarcha road upgrading project. An assessment was done by using both field observation and laboratory tests to characterize materials toward the factors. The field observation was made to investigate the condition of drainage system in removing water from pavement and surrounding. The sample of base course, sub base and sub grade were collected from three different sampling stations and laboratory tests were conducted and finally compared with standards to check the moisture sensitivity of materials. NMC, Compaction, Particle size distribution, CBR and Atterberg’s Limit were tests conducted.. The assessment showed that temperature and moisture has considerable impact on performance of flexible pavement and the pavement failed due to moisture variation on pavement base, sub base and subgrade, due to, inadequate drainage facility, lack of effective protection work and excessive water in the sub grade in first section and temperature in second section of study. Therefore Standard of construction and design should be improved. More research should be carried out on the engineering geo-techniques of study road.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway
AU  - Kebede Haile Folla
AU  - Gutema Wakjira Gemeda
AU  - Garuma Negasa Takuma
Y1  - 2022/08/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 162
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13
AB  - The structural behavior of pavements can be affected by seasonal variation in environmental factors such as temperature and moisture content. In Ethiopia the design, construction and maintenance process of roads mostly give attention to structural thickness of pavement layers, on which the designers and authoring focus on expected future traffic. However, it is critical to admit in practical the variation of pavement material properties due to seasonal environmental changes, especially the temperature and moisture. This study focused on assessment of the impacts of environmental factors (temperature and moisture) on performance of flexible pavement in generally and particularly on Tarcha-Omo River highway, hence doing this study, the objectives were: to investigate the impact of temperature on the performance of selected highway, analyze the impact of moisture on the performance of pavement through laboratory based investigation and to examine the efficiency of the drainage system in removing excess water from the pavement structure of selected highway by collecting all primary data from the project site and secondary from, standard specification, Ethiopian roads authority, Omo River-Tarcha road upgrading project. An assessment was done by using both field observation and laboratory tests to characterize materials toward the factors. The field observation was made to investigate the condition of drainage system in removing water from pavement and surrounding. The sample of base course, sub base and sub grade were collected from three different sampling stations and laboratory tests were conducted and finally compared with standards to check the moisture sensitivity of materials. NMC, Compaction, Particle size distribution, CBR and Atterberg’s Limit were tests conducted.. The assessment showed that temperature and moisture has considerable impact on performance of flexible pavement and the pavement failed due to moisture variation on pavement base, sub base and subgrade, due to, inadequate drainage facility, lack of effective protection work and excessive water in the sub grade in first section and temperature in second section of study. Therefore Standard of construction and design should be improved. More research should be carried out on the engineering geo-techniques of study road.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Kebede Haile Folla

Highway Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Gutema Wakjira Gemeda

Highway Engineering, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
Garuma Negasa Takuma

Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, Engineering and Technology, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia

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APA Style

Kebede Haile Folla, Gutema Wakjira Gemeda, Garuma Negasa Takuma. (2022). Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 10(4), 162-174. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13

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ACS Style

Kebede Haile Folla; Gutema Wakjira Gemeda; Garuma Negasa Takuma. Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway. Am. J. Civ. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 162-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13

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AMA Style

Kebede Haile Folla, Gutema Wakjira Gemeda, Garuma Negasa Takuma. Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway. Am J Civ Eng. 2022;10(4):162-174. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13,
  author = {Kebede Haile Folla and Gutema Wakjira Gemeda and Garuma Negasa Takuma},
  title = {Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway},
  journal = {American Journal of Civil Engineering},
  volume = {10},
  number = {4},
  pages = {162-174},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajce.20221004.13},
  abstract = {The structural behavior of pavements can be affected by seasonal variation in environmental factors such as temperature and moisture content. In Ethiopia the design, construction and maintenance process of roads mostly give attention to structural thickness of pavement layers, on which the designers and authoring focus on expected future traffic. However, it is critical to admit in practical the variation of pavement material properties due to seasonal environmental changes, especially the temperature and moisture. This study focused on assessment of the impacts of environmental factors (temperature and moisture) on performance of flexible pavement in generally and particularly on Tarcha-Omo River highway, hence doing this study, the objectives were: to investigate the impact of temperature on the performance of selected highway, analyze the impact of moisture on the performance of pavement through laboratory based investigation and to examine the efficiency of the drainage system in removing excess water from the pavement structure of selected highway by collecting all primary data from the project site and secondary from, standard specification, Ethiopian roads authority, Omo River-Tarcha road upgrading project. An assessment was done by using both field observation and laboratory tests to characterize materials toward the factors. The field observation was made to investigate the condition of drainage system in removing water from pavement and surrounding. The sample of base course, sub base and sub grade were collected from three different sampling stations and laboratory tests were conducted and finally compared with standards to check the moisture sensitivity of materials. NMC, Compaction, Particle size distribution, CBR and Atterberg’s Limit were tests conducted.. The assessment showed that temperature and moisture has considerable impact on performance of flexible pavement and the pavement failed due to moisture variation on pavement base, sub base and subgrade, due to, inadequate drainage facility, lack of effective protection work and excessive water in the sub grade in first section and temperature in second section of study. Therefore Standard of construction and design should be improved. More research should be carried out on the engineering geo-techniques of study road.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assess the Impacts of Environmental Factors (Temperature and Moisture) on the Performance of Flexible Pavement: A Case of Tarcha-OMO River Highway
AU  - Kebede Haile Folla
AU  - Gutema Wakjira Gemeda
AU  - Garuma Negasa Takuma
Y1  - 2022/08/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13
T2  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JF  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
JO  - American Journal of Civil Engineering
SP  - 162
EP  - 174
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8737
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20221004.13
AB  - The structural behavior of pavements can be affected by seasonal variation in environmental factors such as temperature and moisture content. In Ethiopia the design, construction and maintenance process of roads mostly give attention to structural thickness of pavement layers, on which the designers and authoring focus on expected future traffic. However, it is critical to admit in practical the variation of pavement material properties due to seasonal environmental changes, especially the temperature and moisture. This study focused on assessment of the impacts of environmental factors (temperature and moisture) on performance of flexible pavement in generally and particularly on Tarcha-Omo River highway, hence doing this study, the objectives were: to investigate the impact of temperature on the performance of selected highway, analyze the impact of moisture on the performance of pavement through laboratory based investigation and to examine the efficiency of the drainage system in removing excess water from the pavement structure of selected highway by collecting all primary data from the project site and secondary from, standard specification, Ethiopian roads authority, Omo River-Tarcha road upgrading project. An assessment was done by using both field observation and laboratory tests to characterize materials toward the factors. The field observation was made to investigate the condition of drainage system in removing water from pavement and surrounding. The sample of base course, sub base and sub grade were collected from three different sampling stations and laboratory tests were conducted and finally compared with standards to check the moisture sensitivity of materials. NMC, Compaction, Particle size distribution, CBR and Atterberg’s Limit were tests conducted.. The assessment showed that temperature and moisture has considerable impact on performance of flexible pavement and the pavement failed due to moisture variation on pavement base, sub base and subgrade, due to, inadequate drainage facility, lack of effective protection work and excessive water in the sub grade in first section and temperature in second section of study. Therefore Standard of construction and design should be improved. More research should be carried out on the engineering geo-techniques of study road.
VL  - 10
IS  - 4
ER  -

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