The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Kalonji Katengele; Fumwakwau Kiniati; Nkanga Isalomboto; Didi Kialengila Mana

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19

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The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Kalonji Katengele, Fumwakwau Kiniati, Nkanga Isalomboto, Didi Kialengila Mana

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 1)

Received: 29 January 2021 Accepted: 6 February 2021 Published: 23 February 2021

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Abstract

Self-medication refers to the act of medicating oneself with no guidance from a physician. There are sevral factors that promote self-medication along with drug misuse among the population. In the frame of developing countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), these factors include lack of enforcement of laws governing the pharmaceutical sector, poor mindset of the population as well as easy access to drugs without official medical prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which self-medication and drug misuse practices affect the youth Congolese population health in the DRC’s capital city, Kinshasa. Three sectors of Kinshasa were selected for a cross-sectional study conducted for five months (January to Mai 2020). Pharmacists or their auxiliairies were asked to draw up the list of ten drugs often purchased without medical prescriptions. In each of the selected pharmacies, 3 patients using self-medication were interviewed. A total of 120 phrarmacists or their auxiliairies and 360 patients (180 men and 180 women) were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Of the 120 questionnaires completed, a list of ten most used drugs in self-medication was established in the following dicreasing quantitative order: 106, 85, 83, 66, 66, 58, 51, 38, 29 and 23 pharmacists or their auxiliairies cited Amoxicillin capsule, Emergency Contraceptive Pill tablet, Paracetamol tablet, Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet, Tetracyclin capsule, Levamisole tablet, Albendazole tablet, Quinine and Diclofenac injectables, respectively. Out of 360 questionnaires distributed, all medicines were administered by the route recommended by the physician except Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet and Diclofenac injection where in 30.1%, 38.1% and 89.7% of self-medication cases the route of administration was other than the recommended route. From the recorded data, the age of most patients varied between 15-24 years old. Girls were more in self-medication than boys. Sometimes, the disease for which the drug was used, as well as the dosing, were found to be different from the instructions in patients’ leaflet. And lastly, for most patients, the main source of information was family and/or friends. This study demonstrated that the practice of self-medication is very widespread in Kinshasa, unfortunately even antibiotics are misused, exposing the population to high risk of antimicrobial resistance development. The present findings encourage further investigations at national level to better advise the dicision makers to take appropriate measures to substantially mitigate self-medication and drug misuse practices.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19
Page(s)	69-77
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Self-medication, Drug Misuse, Antimicribial Resistance, Drug Toxicity, Kinshasa/Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC)

References

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[2]	Bunduki G. K., Mumbere M., Mbahweka F. K. (2017). Assessment of antibiotic self-edication pattern among University students in Eastern of the Congo. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International 18 (1): 1-7. https://doi10.9734/JPRI/2017/31848.
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[11]	O’Neill J. (2016). Tackling Drug-Resistant Infections Globally: Final Report and Recommendations. https://wellcomecollection.org/works/thvwsul.
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[13]	PR. Shankar P. R., Partha P. Shenoy N. (2002). Self-medication and non-doctor prescription practices in Pokhara valley, Western Nepal: a questionnaire-based study. BMC Family Practice. 3: 17. https://doi:10.1186/1471-2296-3-7.
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[18]	Nsengi Y. Ntamabyaliro, Christian Burri et al. (2018). Drug use in the management of uncomplicated malaria in public health facilities in the DRC. Malaria Journal 17: 189-197. https://doi10.1186/s12936-018-2332-3.
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Kalonji Katengele, Fumwakwau Kiniati, Nkanga Isalomboto, Didi Kialengila Mana. (2021). The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 9(1), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19

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ACS Style

Kalonji Katengele; Fumwakwau Kiniati; Nkanga Isalomboto; Didi Kialengila Mana. The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2021, 9(1), 69-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19

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AMA Style

Kalonji Katengele, Fumwakwau Kiniati, Nkanga Isalomboto, Didi Kialengila Mana. The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2021;9(1):69-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19,
  author = {Kalonji Katengele and Fumwakwau Kiniati and Nkanga Isalomboto and Didi Kialengila Mana},
  title = {The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69-77},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20210901.19},
  abstract = {Self-medication refers to the act of medicating oneself with no guidance from a physician. There are sevral factors that promote self-medication along with drug misuse among the population. In the frame of developing countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), these factors include lack of enforcement of laws governing the pharmaceutical sector, poor mindset of the population as well as easy access to drugs without official medical prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which self-medication and drug misuse practices affect the youth Congolese population health in the DRC’s capital city, Kinshasa. Three sectors of Kinshasa were selected for a cross-sectional study conducted for five months (January to Mai 2020). Pharmacists or their auxiliairies were asked to draw up the list of ten drugs often purchased without medical prescriptions. In each of the selected pharmacies, 3 patients using self-medication were interviewed. A total of 120 phrarmacists or their auxiliairies and 360 patients (180 men and 180 women) were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Of the 120 questionnaires completed, a list of ten most used drugs in self-medication was established in the following dicreasing quantitative order: 106, 85, 83, 66, 66, 58, 51, 38, 29 and 23 pharmacists or their auxiliairies cited Amoxicillin capsule, Emergency Contraceptive Pill tablet, Paracetamol tablet, Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet, Tetracyclin capsule, Levamisole tablet, Albendazole tablet, Quinine and Diclofenac injectables, respectively. Out of 360 questionnaires distributed, all medicines were administered by the route recommended by the physician except Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet and Diclofenac injection where in 30.1%, 38.1% and 89.7% of self-medication cases the route of administration was other than the recommended route. From the recorded data, the age of most patients varied between 15-24 years old. Girls were more in self-medication than boys. Sometimes, the disease for which the drug was used, as well as the dosing, were found to be different from the instructions in patients’ leaflet. And lastly, for most patients, the main source of information was family and/or friends. This study demonstrated that the practice of self-medication is very widespread in Kinshasa, unfortunately even antibiotics are misused, exposing the population to high risk of antimicrobial resistance development. The present findings encourage further investigations at national level to better advise the dicision makers to take appropriate measures to substantially mitigate self-medication and drug misuse practices.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
AU  - Kalonji Katengele
AU  - Fumwakwau Kiniati
AU  - Nkanga Isalomboto
AU  - Didi Kialengila Mana
Y1  - 2021/02/23
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 69
EP  - 77
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19
AB  - Self-medication refers to the act of medicating oneself with no guidance from a physician. There are sevral factors that promote self-medication along with drug misuse among the population. In the frame of developing countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), these factors include lack of enforcement of laws governing the pharmaceutical sector, poor mindset of the population as well as easy access to drugs without official medical prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which self-medication and drug misuse practices affect the youth Congolese population health in the DRC’s capital city, Kinshasa. Three sectors of Kinshasa were selected for a cross-sectional study conducted for five months (January to Mai 2020). Pharmacists or their auxiliairies were asked to draw up the list of ten drugs often purchased without medical prescriptions. In each of the selected pharmacies, 3 patients using self-medication were interviewed. A total of 120 phrarmacists or their auxiliairies and 360 patients (180 men and 180 women) were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Of the 120 questionnaires completed, a list of ten most used drugs in self-medication was established in the following dicreasing quantitative order: 106, 85, 83, 66, 66, 58, 51, 38, 29 and 23 pharmacists or their auxiliairies cited Amoxicillin capsule, Emergency Contraceptive Pill tablet, Paracetamol tablet, Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet, Tetracyclin capsule, Levamisole tablet, Albendazole tablet, Quinine and Diclofenac injectables, respectively. Out of 360 questionnaires distributed, all medicines were administered by the route recommended by the physician except Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet and Diclofenac injection where in 30.1%, 38.1% and 89.7% of self-medication cases the route of administration was other than the recommended route. From the recorded data, the age of most patients varied between 15-24 years old. Girls were more in self-medication than boys. Sometimes, the disease for which the drug was used, as well as the dosing, were found to be different from the instructions in patients’ leaflet. And lastly, for most patients, the main source of information was family and/or friends. This study demonstrated that the practice of self-medication is very widespread in Kinshasa, unfortunately even antibiotics are misused, exposing the population to high risk of antimicrobial resistance development. The present findings encourage further investigations at national level to better advise the dicision makers to take appropriate measures to substantially mitigate self-medication and drug misuse practices.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Kalonji Katengele

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory for Medicines Analysis and Health Products, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
Fumwakwau Kiniati

Coordination Center of Research and Documentation in the Social Sciences Serving Sub-saharan Africa, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Nkanga Isalomboto

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory for Medicines Analysis and Health Products, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo
Didi Kialengila Mana

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory for Medicines Analysis and Health Products, Kinshasa XI, Democratic Republic of Congo

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Kalonji Katengele, Fumwakwau Kiniati, Nkanga Isalomboto, Didi Kialengila Mana. (2021). The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 9(1), 69-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19

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Kalonji Katengele; Fumwakwau Kiniati; Nkanga Isalomboto; Didi Kialengila Mana. The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2021, 9(1), 69-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19

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AMA Style

Kalonji Katengele, Fumwakwau Kiniati, Nkanga Isalomboto, Didi Kialengila Mana. The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2021;9(1):69-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19,
  author = {Kalonji Katengele and Fumwakwau Kiniati and Nkanga Isalomboto and Didi Kialengila Mana},
  title = {The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {9},
  number = {1},
  pages = {69-77},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20210901.19},
  abstract = {Self-medication refers to the act of medicating oneself with no guidance from a physician. There are sevral factors that promote self-medication along with drug misuse among the population. In the frame of developing countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), these factors include lack of enforcement of laws governing the pharmaceutical sector, poor mindset of the population as well as easy access to drugs without official medical prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which self-medication and drug misuse practices affect the youth Congolese population health in the DRC’s capital city, Kinshasa. Three sectors of Kinshasa were selected for a cross-sectional study conducted for five months (January to Mai 2020). Pharmacists or their auxiliairies were asked to draw up the list of ten drugs often purchased without medical prescriptions. In each of the selected pharmacies, 3 patients using self-medication were interviewed. A total of 120 phrarmacists or their auxiliairies and 360 patients (180 men and 180 women) were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Of the 120 questionnaires completed, a list of ten most used drugs in self-medication was established in the following dicreasing quantitative order: 106, 85, 83, 66, 66, 58, 51, 38, 29 and 23 pharmacists or their auxiliairies cited Amoxicillin capsule, Emergency Contraceptive Pill tablet, Paracetamol tablet, Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet, Tetracyclin capsule, Levamisole tablet, Albendazole tablet, Quinine and Diclofenac injectables, respectively. Out of 360 questionnaires distributed, all medicines were administered by the route recommended by the physician except Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet and Diclofenac injection where in 30.1%, 38.1% and 89.7% of self-medication cases the route of administration was other than the recommended route. From the recorded data, the age of most patients varied between 15-24 years old. Girls were more in self-medication than boys. Sometimes, the disease for which the drug was used, as well as the dosing, were found to be different from the instructions in patients’ leaflet. And lastly, for most patients, the main source of information was family and/or friends. This study demonstrated that the practice of self-medication is very widespread in Kinshasa, unfortunately even antibiotics are misused, exposing the population to high risk of antimicrobial resistance development. The present findings encourage further investigations at national level to better advise the dicision makers to take appropriate measures to substantially mitigate self-medication and drug misuse practices.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - The Potential Impact of Self-medication and Drug Misuse Practice Among Youth Population in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
AU  - Kalonji Katengele
AU  - Fumwakwau Kiniati
AU  - Nkanga Isalomboto
AU  - Didi Kialengila Mana
Y1  - 2021/02/23
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 69
EP  - 77
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20210901.19
AB  - Self-medication refers to the act of medicating oneself with no guidance from a physician. There are sevral factors that promote self-medication along with drug misuse among the population. In the frame of developing countries, such as the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), these factors include lack of enforcement of laws governing the pharmaceutical sector, poor mindset of the population as well as easy access to drugs without official medical prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the extent to which self-medication and drug misuse practices affect the youth Congolese population health in the DRC’s capital city, Kinshasa. Three sectors of Kinshasa were selected for a cross-sectional study conducted for five months (January to Mai 2020). Pharmacists or their auxiliairies were asked to draw up the list of ten drugs often purchased without medical prescriptions. In each of the selected pharmacies, 3 patients using self-medication were interviewed. A total of 120 phrarmacists or their auxiliairies and 360 patients (180 men and 180 women) were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Of the 120 questionnaires completed, a list of ten most used drugs in self-medication was established in the following dicreasing quantitative order: 106, 85, 83, 66, 66, 58, 51, 38, 29 and 23 pharmacists or their auxiliairies cited Amoxicillin capsule, Emergency Contraceptive Pill tablet, Paracetamol tablet, Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet, Tetracyclin capsule, Levamisole tablet, Albendazole tablet, Quinine and Diclofenac injectables, respectively. Out of 360 questionnaires distributed, all medicines were administered by the route recommended by the physician except Dexamethasone tablet, Cyproheptadine tablet and Diclofenac injection where in 30.1%, 38.1% and 89.7% of self-medication cases the route of administration was other than the recommended route. From the recorded data, the age of most patients varied between 15-24 years old. Girls were more in self-medication than boys. Sometimes, the disease for which the drug was used, as well as the dosing, were found to be different from the instructions in patients’ leaflet. And lastly, for most patients, the main source of information was family and/or friends. This study demonstrated that the practice of self-medication is very widespread in Kinshasa, unfortunately even antibiotics are misused, exposing the population to high risk of antimicrobial resistance development. The present findings encourage further investigations at national level to better advise the dicision makers to take appropriate measures to substantially mitigate self-medication and drug misuse practices.
VL  - 9
IS  - 1
ER  -

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